BACKGROUND:Currently,exercise therapy is an effective non-pharmacological treatment for low back pain,and exercise therapy can maintain lumbar spine stabilization through mechanical-chemical coupling between bones and muscles,but there is no clear description of the research progress and optimal treatment protocols for exercise therapy to relieve chronic non-specific lower back pain through mechanical-chemical coupling. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress related to the influence of paravertebral muscles on lumbar spine stabilization during exercise therapy through mechanical-chemical coupling,which in turn relieves chronic non-specific lower back pain,as well as the current optimal treatment protocols of exercise therapy for chronic non-specific lower back pain. METHODS:Literature searches were performed in WanFang database,CNKI,VIP,Web of Science,and PubMed database,with search terms of"chronic non-specific low back pain,lumbar spine stabilization,paravertebral muscles,exercise therapy"in Chinese and English.Relevant literature published from database inception to January 2024 was searched and 93 articles were included for final summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exercise therapy can act on the paravertebral muscles and bones through appropriate mechanical stimulation and produce corresponding changes.Exercise therapy is an important intervention for chronic non-specific lower back pain as it improves the quality of the paravertebral muscles,primarily through mechanical-chemical coupling,and thus maintains lumbar spine stabilization for better relief of chronic non-specific lower back pain.However,there are no clear reports on the exact effective protocols for exercise therapy to treat chronic non-specific lower back pain through lumbar spine stabilization.The development of an individualized exercise program is particularly important for the treatment and prognosis of chronic non-specific low back pain.Muscle mass and bone mass of the same individual are closely related,and imaging assessment of paravertebral muscle mass and quantity is important for disease detection and intervention.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

68Ga-DOTATATE/18F-FDG two-day low-dose total-body PET/CT imaging is increasingly employed to facilitate the diagnosis,prognosis,and heterogeneity assessment of neuroendocrine neoplasms.We present a consensus on operational guideline for a two-day combined imaging from experts in low-dose/ultra-low-dose total-body PET/CT from several domestic medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of ZBH2012001,a novel serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor(SNRI),in general and its ability to enhance monoaminergic transmission and suppress neuroinflammation in particular.METHODS① Male ICR mice were divided into vehicle(distilled water),duloxetine(DLX,10 or 20 mg·kg-1)and ZBH2012001(5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1)groups.One hour following ig administration,the antidepressant effect of ZBH2012001 was evaluated using the tail suspension test(TST)and forced swimming test(FST).② Radioligand binding assay was conducted to evaluate the affinity of ZBH2012001 for human serotonin transporters(hSERTs)and human norepinephrine transporters(hNETs).③ Mice were divided into vehicle(distilled water),DLX(10 or 20 mg·kg-1)and ZBH2012001(5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1)groups.One hour following drug administration,the 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)-induced head-twitch test or yohimbine-induced lethality test were performed to evaluate the effect of ZBH2012001 on the function of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and norepinephrine(NE)systems.④ Mice were divided into vehicle(distilled water+0.1%acetic acid),reserpine model(distilled water+reserpine 5 mg·kg-1),DLX(DLX 20 mg·kg-1+reserpine 5 mg·kg-1)and ZBH2012001(ZBH2012001 5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1+reserpine 5 mg·kg-1)groups.One hour following drug administration,reserpine was injected intraperitoneally to establish a monoamine-depletion model.The ptosis,akinesia,and hypothermia assays were performed to evaluate the effect of ZBH2012001 on the down-regulation of the reserpine-induced monoamine system.The TST in mice was used to evaluate the effect of ZBH2012001 on reserpine-induced depressive-like behavior while high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD)was used to measure the levels of monoamines and their metabolites in the hippocampal tissue of reserpine-induced monoamine-depletion mice.ELISA was employed to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the hippocampal tissue of reserpine-induced monoamine-depletion mice.Western blotting was used to assess the expressions of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1(Iba-1)and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)in the hippocampal tissue of reserpine-induced monoamine-depletion mice.RESULTS ① Compared with the vehicle group,ZBH2012001(5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1)significantly reduced the immobility time both in the TST in mice(P<0.01,respectively),and ZBH2012001(20 mg·kg-1)and in the FST in mice(P<0.05).② ZBH2012001 competitively inhibited the binding of[3H]-imipramine to hSERTs and[3H]-nisoxetine to hNETs,with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of 84.95 and 712.90 nmol·L-1,respectively.③Com-pared with the vehicle group,ZBH2012001(10 and 20 mg·kg-1)significantly increased the head twitches induced by 5-HTP in mice(P<0.01,respectively)and increased the mortality rate in mice induced by yohimbine(P<0.05,P<0.01).④ In the reserpine-induced monoamine-depletion model in mice,compared with the vehicle group,mice in the reserpine model group exhibited ptosis,akinesia and hypothermia feature(P<0.01,respectively),significantly prolonged immobility time in the TST(P<0.01),significantly decreased the levels of NE,5-HT and dopamine(DA)(P<0.05,P<0.01),significantly increased the metabolic conversion rate of 5-HT and DA(P<0.01,respectively),significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6(P<0.05,respectively),and significantly increased expressions of Iba-1 and NF-κB(P<0.05,respectively)in the hippocampus.Compared with the model group,ZBH2012001(5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1)significantly antagonized ptosis and hypothermia behaviors induced by reserpine(P<0.01,respectively),ZBH2012001(10 and 20 mg·kg-1)significantly shortened the immobility time in reserpine-treated mice(P<0.05,P<0.01),ZBH2012001(20 mg·kg-1)significantly increased the levels of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus of reserpine-treated mice(P<0.05,respectively),decreased the metabolic conversion rate of 5-HT(P<0.05),significantly reduced the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the hippocampus of reserpine-treated mice(P<0.05,respectively),ZBH2012001(5,10 and 20 mg·kg-1)significantly reduced the expression of Iba-1 protein in the hippocampus of reserpine-treated mice(P<0.01,respec-tively),and ZBH2012001(20 mg·kg-1)significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB protein in the hippocampus of reserpine-treated mice(P<0.05).CONCLUSION ZBH2012001 exerts its antidepres-sant effect through a dual mechanism involving monoamine enhancement and inflammation suppres-sion.

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have long been considered as a potent carcinogen due to its nephrotoxicity. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) reacts with DNA to form covalent aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts, leading to subsequent A to T transversion mutation, commonly referred as AA mutational signature. Previous research inferred that AAs were widely implicated in liver cancer throughout Asia. In this study, we explored whether AAs exposure was the main cause of liver cancer in the context of HBV infection in mainland China. Totally 1256 liver cancer samples were randomly retrieved from 3 medical centers and a refined bioanalytical method was used to detect AAI-DNA adducts. 5.10% of these samples could be identified as AAI positive exposure. Whole genome sequencing suggested 8.41% of 107 liver cancer patients exhibited the dominant AA mutational signature, indicating a relatively low overall AAI exposure rate. In animal models, long-term administration of AAI barely increased liver tumorigenesis in adult mice, opposite from its tumor-inducing role when subjected to infant mice. Furthermore, AAI induced dose-dependent accumulation of AA-DNA adduct in target organs in adult mice, with the most detected in kidney instead of liver. Taken together, our data indicate that AA exposure was not the major threat of liver cancer in adulthood.

The importance of structural variants(SVs)for human phenotypes and diseases is now recognized.Although a variety of SV detection platforms and strategies that vary in sensitivity and specificity have been developed,few benchmarking procedures are available to confidently assess their performances in biological and clinical research.To facilitate the validation and application of these SV detection approaches,we established an Asian reference material by characterizing the genome of an Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-immortalized B lymphocyte line along with identified benchmark regions and high-confidence SV calls.We established a high-confidence SV callset with 8938 SVs by integrating four alignment-based SV callers,including 109x Pacific Biosciences(PacBio)continuous long reads(CLRs),22 x PacBio circular consensus sequencing(CCS)reads,104x Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)long reads,and 114×Bionano optical mapping plat-form,and one de novo assembly-based SV caller using CCS reads.A total of 544 randomly selected SVs were validated by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing,demonstrating the robustness of our SV calls.Combining trio-binning-based haplotype assemblies,we established an SV benchmark for identifying false negatives and false positives by constructing the continuous high-confidence regions(CHCRs),which covered 1.46 gigabase pairs(Gb)and 6882 SVs supported by at least one diploid haplotype assembly.Establishing high-confidence SV calls for a benchmark sample that has been characterized by multiple technologies provides a valuable resource for investigating SVs in human biology,disease,and clinical research.

Objective To analyze the drug consumption of the joint logistics support force during field training in Yunnan, summarize the drug use characteristics of medical staff, and analyze the drug use rules, so as to provide the basis for modular drug support. Methods The basic information and drug use of the personnel in an institution of the joint logistics support force during the resident training period from April to June 2020 were collected and sorted out. The drug use indicators were calculated by using the defined daily dose (DDD) as the unit, including: daily drug dose (DDDs), daily drug dose cost (DDDc), drug use intensity (DUI), drug utilization rate (DUR) and drug ranking ratio (R) were used to describe drug use characteristics. Results During the resident training period, the amount of musculoskeletal system drugs was large, and the number of users was large. The dosage of cardiovascular system drugs, digestive system drugs and hormone drugs was large, but the number of users was small. Sensory organ drugs, dermatological drugs, heat-clearing agents (Chinese patent medicine) and respiratory system drugs were small in dosages, but the number of users was large. Ranked by DDDs, the top 3 drugs with the highest dosage were Yunnan Baiyao plaster, Yunnan Baiyao Band-Aid and Loratadine Tablets. Ranked by DDDc, the largest daily cost was Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation. As age increases, the intensity of drug use increased; The intensity of drug use in women was greater than that in men. The intensity of drug use was different for different categories personnel. Conclusion Musculoskeletal system drugs are important drugs for field training. The task personnel should formulate a list of medicines for basic diseases based on their own medication for basic diseases and the duration of the task, and submit it to the medicinal material guarantee department to ensure the carrying drugs. The factors affecting modular drug support in field training include: task type, region, solar term, duration and personnel composition, etc.

Objective:To explore the psychological state and affected factors of elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 156 elderly hip fracture patients(>65 years) admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2016 to August 2019 was performed. General and psychological information were collected by questionnaire.General information included age, gender, education, whether surgery, length of stay.SCL-90, a self-assessment scale, was chosen as the psychological test to analyzed the elderly hip fracture patients′ psychological status during hospitalization and the norms of SCL-90 in Chinese which were established in 1986 were used as the control group. The prognostic factors were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoid factor scores, and total scores of the elderly hip fracture patients were significantly higher than control group(all P=0.00).Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that non-surgery treatment and more than 10 days of hospitalization were independent prognostic factors that affected the psychological state of elderly hip fracture patients (all P=0.00). Conclusion:Elderly patients hospitalized with osteoporosis and hip fractures are prone to have negative emotional and psychological changes.The length of hospitalization and the choice of treatment can affect patients′ psychological state, suggesting that effective psychological intervention is necessary.

Objective:To explore the psychological state and affected factors of elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 156 elderly hip fracture patients(>65 years) admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2016 to August 2019 was performed. General and psychological information were collected by questionnaire.General information included age, gender, education, whether surgery, length of stay.SCL-90, a self-assessment scale, was chosen as the psychological test to analyzed the elderly hip fracture patients′ psychological status during hospitalization and the norms of SCL-90 in Chinese which were established in 1986 were used as the control group. The prognostic factors were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoid factor scores, and total scores of the elderly hip fracture patients were significantly higher than control group(all P=0.00).Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that non-surgery treatment and more than 10 days of hospitalization were independent prognostic factors that affected the psychological state of elderly hip fracture patients (all P=0.00). Conclusion:Elderly patients hospitalized with osteoporosis and hip fractures are prone to have negative emotional and psychological changes.The length of hospitalization and the choice of treatment can affect patients′ psychological state, suggesting that effective psychological intervention is necessary.

Objective To investigate the effects of altitude,race,gender and age on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c) of type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 410 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who resided at different altitudes in Jinghong,Kunming and Lijiang city for over 5 years and received antidiabetic treatment without adjustments for over 3 months were enrolled.To compare blood glucose,hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1 c levels of T2DM among different altitudes,different races,different genders and different ages,The correlation between races and HbA1c was evaluated with Pearson's correlation analysis.Results No significant differences were observed in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P =0.49,P =0.1,P =0.09,P =0.3),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) (P =0.33,P =0.4,P =0.7,P =0.1),and HbA1 c (P =0.47,P =0.28,P =0.2,P =0.07) levels between patients at different altitudes,different races,different genders and different ages.However,there were significant differences in Hb (P ＜0.01).There was no significant correlation between races and HbA1c levels(r =0.003,P =0.6).Conclusions There were effects of altitude,race,gender and age on hemoglobin of type 2 diabetes,but no effects on glycosylated hemoglobin.