Objective To develop the "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" and validate its reliability and validity. Methods The initial questionnaire was developed according to literature review, expert consultations, and one-on-one interviews with students and educators. A total of 43 college students were selected as the pre-test subjects using the convenience sampling method. The final version of the questionnaire was developed using item analysis and expert consultations. A total of 682 college students were selected as the validation subjects using the cluster sampling method. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results The final version of the questionnaire consisted of three dimensions: knowledge, practice, and attitude, with 5, 10, 7 items, respectively. The KMO test value for the questionnaire was 0.804, with Bartlett′s test of sphericity showing a chi-square value of 2 000.557 (P<0.01). The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.894 to 1.000, with the overall content validity index for the questionnaire being 0.966 and 0.973. The exploratory factor analysis identified three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 54.1%. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, with model fit index, comparative fit index, normed fit index, incremental fit index, Tucker-Lewis Index, root mean square error of approximation of 2.960, 0.930, 0.940, 0.930, 0.950 and 0.070, respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.772, split-half reliability was 0.604, and test-retest reliability was 0.905. Conclusion The "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" demonstrates good reliability, and it is suitable for widespread application.

Objective:To evaluate the value of chemoradiotherapy and surgery in cervical esophageal cancer (CEC).Methods:Data of 459 patients with CEC from 2004 to 2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database of National Cancer Institute (US). All patients were divided into the chemoradiotherapy group ( n=379) and surgery group ( n=80) according to the treatment methods. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method and survival curve was drawn. Multivariate survival analysis was conducted by Cox proportional hazards regression model. The death rate of different causes between two groups was calculated by cumulative incidence function (CIF). The differences of death rate between two groups were evaluated by Fine-Gray competing risk model. By analyzing the clinical characteristics and survival of CEC patients, the overall survival (OS) was compared between the surgery and chemoradiotherapy groups. Results:The 2- and 5-year survival rates in the chemoradiotherapy group were 43.1% and 22.4%, while those of the surgical group were 46.8% and 26.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the OS between the chemoradiotherapy and surgery groups ( P=0.750). Cox multivariate analysis showed that treatment (surgery group vs. chemoradiotherapy group) was not an independent prognostic factor for OS. Based on the results of competing risk analysis, the risk of esophageal cancer-specific death in the chemoradiotherapy group was higher than that in the surgery group, and the difference was statistically significant between two groups ( P<0.001). The risk of other cause-specific death in the chemoradiotherapy group was lower than that in the surgery group ( P<0.001). The proportion of patients who died of oral, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal diseases in the surgery group was significantly higher than that in the chemoradiotherapy group(all P<0.001). Conclusions:No significant difference is observed in the OS of CEC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy or surgery. In the surgery group, the risk of esophageal cancer-specific death is lower, whereas the risk of other cause-specific death is higher compared with those in the chemoradiotherapy group.

The paper reported a patient under maintained hemodialysis for 11 years, with a large mass appeared in the right thigh after local injury. The mass was clinically considered as tumoral calcinosis combined with clinical, imaging and pathological findings. Several treatments such as enhancing dialysis adequacy, low calcium dialysate, calcimimetic agent, non-calcium- phosphorus binding agents, parathyroidectomy and intravenous infusion of sodium thiosulfate could not vanish the mass. Finally, the lump was surgically removed. The treatment of tumoral calcinosis in the hemodialysis patient can provide a instruction for similar situations in clinical practice.

With the improvement of sanitation, the infection rate of hookworm is greatly reduced and the severe infected case is rarely reported. Combined morphological and molecular biological examinations, a severe hookworm infection patient was diagnosed in Department of Laboratorial Examination, Quanzhou First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The morphological methods such as direct fecal smear microscopy, saturated brine flotation and hookworm larvae culture methods were used to identify the eggs and larvae from stool samples of the patient. There were a large number of hookworm eggs in patient's stool samples, and the average count was 60 840 per gram by modified Kato method, which belonged to severe hookworm infection. Meanwhile, to distinguish the hookworm species, the semi-nested RT-PCR assay was employed to detect hookworm internal transcribed spacer series from eggs in patient's stool samples, and the result showed that the hookworm species was confirmed to be Necator americanus.
Ancylostomatoidea/genetics* ; Animals ; Feces ; Hookworm Infections/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Necator americanus/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVE To compare the dosage forms and specifications of over-the-counter drug （OTC）（chemical drugs ） for children at home and abroad ，and to provide reference for the addition of new dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in China . METHODS Data analysis was used to comb the active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China . The similarities and differences of the dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children with the same active ingredients among China and 8th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc ）and US/UK/EU （this article refers specifically to EU countries ）/Japan were analyzed by comparative analysis . RESULTS There were 72 active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China ，corresponding to 34 dosage forms and 216 specifications； 39 same active ingredients of OTC for children were retrieved in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，corresponding to 38 dosage forms and 258 specifications. Among OTC for children corresponding to 39 active ingredients ，there were 10 unique dosage forms in China ，and 16 unique dosage forms in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which some dosage forms have advantages for children（such as chewing gums ，gels for external use ，spray for oral liquid ，etc.），were included in the latter while not included in China . There were 107 unique specifications in China ，and 214 unique specifications in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which the division of applicable age groups for specifications was more detailed . In addition ，the dosage forms and specifications corresponding to a few active ingredients （such as ibuprofen ，cetirizine hydrochloride ）were not included in OTC for children in China， while included in UK/EU . CONCLUSIONS The dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan are generally more abundant and E-mail：zjfyouyou@163.com flexible than in China . Relevant departments in China should learn from the advanced experience of WHO and foreign countries and increase the research and development of dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the etiology of a patient with Kallmann syndrome (congenital hypogonadism and anosmia) and a 45,X/46,XY karyotype. METHODS: Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the proband and his parents and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The proband was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the PROKR2 gene, namely c.533G>C (p.W178S) and c.308C>T (p.A103V), which were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. The two variants were respectively predicted to be likely pathogenic and variant of unknown significance, respectively. CONCLUSION The reduced chromosomal mosaicism might have caused no particular clinical manifestations in this patient. For patients with features of Kallmann syndrome, genetic testing is conducive to early diagnosis and can provide a basis for genetic counseling and clinical treatment.
Humans ; Genetic Testing ; Hypogonadism/genetics* ; Kallmann Syndrome/genetics* ; Karyotype ; Mutation ; Exome Sequencing ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics*

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell has achieved excellent efficacy in hematological tumors, especially for lymphoma. Many products have been approved to market all over the world, and 2 products targeting CD19 have been approved to treat relapsed and refractory large B-cell lymphoma in China. The current experiences of using CAR-T cells come from previous clinical studies. How to use CAR-T cells in a standardized and rationalized way is still a challenge faced by our clinicians. Based on the CAR-T cell treatment experiences from Peking University Cancer Hospital and the latest research progresses in CAR-T in China and abroad, this article will elaborate on patient screening, peripheral blood mononuclear cell collection, bridging treatment, lymphocyte depletion chemotherapy, CAR-T cell infusion, the monitoring and treatment of adverse events after infusion, and long-term follow-up after infusion, in order to guide clinicians to better use CAR-T cell and to bring maximum benefits to patients.

Objective To investigate the application effect of the sandwich teaching method in the course of Surgical Nursing . Methods Two classes of the students majoring in nursing were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 36 students in each group. The students in the control group received the traditional teaching method, and those in the observation group received the sandwich teaching method . The teaching effect was compared between the two groups by theoretical assessment and questionnaire survey. SPSS 24.0 was used for analysis of variance and the t-test. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of course assessment, learning atmosphere, and learning initiative. The observation group also had significantly higher good rates of learning atmosphere and learning initiative than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The sandwich teaching method can significantly improve students' abilities of communication and problem solving, arouse their enthusiasm of learning, and increase the interestingness of classroom, and therefore, it has a practical value in teaching.

BACKGROUND: It has been pointed out that perioperative hypothermia can increase the incidence of coagulation, acidosis, stroke, sepsis, pneumonia and myocardial infarction, so it is of great significance to monitor and maintain normal body temperature during perioperative period. OBJECTIVE: To design a medical carbon fiber thermostatic heating pad to prevent perioperative hypothermia and reduce complications. METHODS: The carbon fiber heating technology and medical equipment standard are combined and integrated into many advanced technologies. The system mainly consisted of power supply conversion, operation system, computer control system, PWM control and output, various heating pads and temperature controlling measurement system. A total of 200 patients undergoing epidural anesthesia in Zhengzhou First People's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group (n=100) was treated with the medical carbon fiber thermostatic heating pad (adjusting temperature 38-40 oC), and the control group (n=100) with common quilt. The body temperature and shivering were monitored before operation, 10, 30 and 60 minutes after anesthesia, and 2 hours after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The heating pad had the characteristics of explosion proof, power purification, shielding isolation, output protection, computer control, and PWM modulation. (2) In clinical application, there was no skin irritation and skin allergy reaction in the observation group. (3) During operation, the body temperature of the observation group was relatively stable, and there was no significant difference in the body temperature in the observation group before and at 2 hours after operation (P> 0.05). However, the fluctuation of body temperature in control group was visible and showed a downward trend, and the body temperature in the control group showed a significant difference before and 2 hours after operation (P < 0.05). The body temperature of 10, 30, 60 minutes after anesthesia and 2 hours after operation was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). (4) The postoperative incidence of shivering in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group (18％ vs. 5％, P < 0.05). To conclude, the medical carbon fiber thermostatic heating pad is advanced in technology, safe and reliable in use, providing a new way for the prevention of perioperative shivering.

Objective: To study the effects of a standardized diagnosis and treatment program for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, in a community in Urumqi. Methods: In March 2016, 1 000 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Urumqi Xinhua Road community health service center and affiliated communities were selected to participate in a questionnaire survey and in a promotion for a 12-month standardized treatment. T-test and χ² test were used to compare the blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, ratio of urine microalbumin and creatinine (urine A/C) and other metabolic indices in patients before and after the promotion. Results: In a total of 112 finalists, after a 4-month follow-up, rates of regular exercise, diet control, taking medication on time and regular blood glucose monitoring all improved significantly from 35.7%, 40.2%, 13.7%, 29.5% to 56.3%, 68.8%, 56.3%, 45.5%, respectively (χ²=9.508, 8.643, 45.319, 6.171; P < 0.05). The rates of smoking and drinking were lower after the promotion (χ²=4.291, 4.56; P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), creatinine, and urine A/C decreased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure. The percentage of participants with normal blood sugar, lipids and blood pressure, significantly improved from 38.4%, 37.5%, 23.6%, 8.9% to 63.4%, 66.4%, 43.7%, 23.2%, respectively. The rate of urine A/C positivity decreased from 40.2% to 26.8% (χ²=14.004, 18.309, 10.604, 8.473, 4.510, P < 0.05). Conclusion Standardized type 2 diabetes treatment programs can improve the blood levels of glucose and lipids, as well as lower blood pressure and the positive rate of urine A/C. It can help reduce the multiple risk factors and long-term complications by improving the self-management of diabetes.