Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

Objective To analyze the value of systemic inflammatory indicators in diagnosing schizo-phrenia and their correlation with disease condition severity and cognitive dysfunction.Methods A total of 47 patients with schizophrenia visited and treated in this hospital from October 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects,and 47 healthy volunteers during the same period served as the control group.The morn-ing fasting venous blood was collected in all research subjects,and the blood routine and biochemical indicators were measured.The SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR were calculated.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR in the patients with schizophrenia.The correlation adopted the Pearson correlation analysis.Results The levels of SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR in the schizophrenia group were significantly increased compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve(AUC)of SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR detection alone in diagnosing schizophrenia were 0.683,0.686,0.774 and 0.766 respectively.AUC of their combination detection was 0.886.SII was positively correlated with the gen-eral symptoms and the positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS)total score,and negatively correlated with the spatial structure,linguistic function and delayed memory(P＜0.05);SIRI was positively correlated with the negative symptoms,general symptom and PANSS total score,and negatively correlated with the im-mediate memory,spatial structure,linguistic function,attention;NHR was positively correlated with the nega-tive symptoms,positive symptoms,general symptoms and PANSS total score,and negatively correlated with immediate memory,linguistic function,attention and delayed memory(P＜0.05).LHR was positively corre-lated with the positive symptoms,general symptoms and PANSS total score,and negatively correlated with the spatial structure,linguistic function,attention and delayed memory(P＜0.05).Conclusion SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR combined detection has higher diagnostic value for the patients with schizophrenia.Further-more,the SII,SIRI,NHR and LHR levels are closely correlated with the disease condition severity and cogni-tive function impairment degree.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) on clinical prognosis of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and the radiosensitivity of xenograft in nude mice.Methods:A total of 90 endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from ESCC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. The expression level of HMGB1 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. High expression level was defined when staining was observed on ≥50% of the tumor cells. All patients were divided into the high expression group ( n=48) and low expression group ( n=42), and their survival information was retrospectively analyzed. Cell transfection was performed with the plasmid carrying human HMGB1-shRNA to knockdown HMGB1 expression in ECA109 cells and xenograft mouse models were established. The tumor volume and mass were calculated after irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy. The cell apoptosis in xenograft tissues were detected. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was conducted by log-rank test. Intergroup comparison was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results:The expression level of HMGB1 was significantly associated with gross tumor volume, longest diameter of tumor, T staging and distant metastasis ( χ2=9.663, 5.625, 4.068, 7.146, all P<0.05). In the low expression group, the overall survival (OS) ( χ2=4.826, P=0.028), progression-free survival (PFS) ( χ2=4.390, P=0.036) were longer compared with that in the high expression group. Further analysis of HMGB1-high expression patients showed that the radiation dose and the combination of chemoradiotherapy did not significantly affect the OS or PFS of ESCC patients. We observed that knockdown of HMGB1 slowed the growth rate of xenograft, decreased the tumor volume and increased the apoptosis rate after irradiation. Conclusions:ESCC patients with high expression level of HMGB1 obtain poor prognosis after chemoradiotherapy, which can be enhanced by increasing the sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. HMGB1 knockdown can effectively increase the radiosensitivity of xenograft in ESCC nude mice.

Background: Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. Objectives: We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. Methods: Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Results: The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000.Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. Conclusions The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.

Objective:To examine the effect of FAM83D knockdown on proliferation, survival ability and invasion of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after X-ray radiation, and explore the mechanism.Methods:The expression of FAM83D, E-cadherin and vimentin in tumor tissues was detected in 69 cases of esophageal squamous cell cancer by using immunohistochemical method. The siRNA based on the sequences of the FAM83D mRNA were synthesized to transfect into the cultured ECA109 cells as FAM83D shRNA group. The effect of silencing FAM83D gene was evaluated to determine the protein levels of FAM83D in the human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma ECA109 and KYSE30 cells using western blotting. MTS, clone formation, and Transwell assay were employed to examine the proliferation, survival ability and invasion of ECA109 and KYSE30 cells in vitro, respectively. We used flow cytometry assay to analyze distribution of cell apoptosis in different groups. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of cell metastasis-related molecules and apoptosis-related protein. Results:The strong expression rates of FAM83D, E-cadherin, and vimentin were 55%(38/69), 36%(25/69) and 61%(42/69) in the tumor tissues, respectively. FAM83D protein expression was significantly and negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin ( r=-0.350, P<0.01), and positively with the expression of vimentin ( r=0.470, P<0.01). Western blotting results demonstrated that silencing FAM83D gene significantly reduced the FAM83D protein expression ( P<0.01). MTS data demonstrated that FAM83D knockdown after irradiation significantly inhibited the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ECA109 and KYSE30 cells ( P<0.05). The data from the clone formation assay revealed that the radiosensitivity was increased after downragulation of FAM83D expression ( P<0.01). In addition, the invasive abilities of oesophageal carcinoma cells transfected with FAM83D shRNA after irradiation were significantly inhibited compared with those of the NC group ( P<0.01), followed by the downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression, and the upregulation of E-cadherin expression ( P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of tumor cells in FAM83D shRNA group after irradiation was markedly increased ( P<0.01), followed by a decrease of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression and an increase of Cleaved caspase-3 expression ( P<0.01). Conclusions:FAM83D expressions was found to be closely related to the invasion and development of ESCC. Furthermore, siRNA interference technology inhibited the expression of FAM83D gene in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, reduced the proliferation, invasion of cells, induced cell apoptosis, and increased radiosensitivity, which may be associated with regulating the epithelial-mesenchymaltransition via Snail/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that cause enteritis and systemic infection in animals and human. Understanding invasive capacities of SE isolates is of vital importance to elucidate pathogenesis of Salmonella infection. To improve the throughput capacity and repeatability of classical gentamicin protection assay (GPA), a modified PGA was developed by taking high-throughput advantage of 96-well cell plates and multichannel pipettes. In addition, drop plate technique rather than spread plate method was applied in the modified GPA protocol for bacterial enumeration. The modified GPA protocol was evaluated by phenotyping intracellular replication of a high virulent and a low virulent SE isolates, JL228 and LN248, in a phagocytic cell line RAW264.7. The protocol was then applied in invasive phenotype determination of 16 SE strains to non-phagocytes (HT-29) and the intracellular replication of 43 SE strains to phagocytes (RAW264.7). Significant lower intra-group and inter-group coefficient of variations of the modified GPA was observed, implying good repeatability and reproducibility over traditional protocol. Further, replication phenotypes were also correlated with those from direct observation by confocal microscopy. Collectively, the improved GPA protocol had advantages of high throughput capacity, good repeatability and reliability, it was also noticed that the protocol also represented a fast and labor-saving alternative scheme for the invasive phenotype determination of Salmonella Enteritidis, and providing reliable phenotype profiles for Salmonella-host interplay interpretation.
Animals ; Gentamicins/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salmonella Infections, Animal ; Salmonella enteritidis

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of RNF2 gene knockdown in ECA109 cells on the radiosensitivity to esophageal cancer cell xenograft in nude mice. Methods Thirty-six male BALB/c/nu nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, control+ irradiation group, NC group, NC+irradiation group, RNF2 shRNA group and RNF2 shRNA+ irradiation group. The nude mouse models with transplanted tumors were established by subcutaneous inoculation of EAC109 cells and given with irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy for 5 times. The longest ( a) and shortest ( b) diameters of the transplanted tumor were measured every 2 to 3 day since the fourteenth day after inoculation. The time of tumor formation was recorded. The tumor volume was calculated according to the formula ( ab2/2 ) . The growth curve was delineated. Three nude mice were sacrificed in each group at 24 h after the initial irradiation. The expression of RNF2 at the mRNA and protein levels in transplanted tumor tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The growth and tumor volume of the other nude mice in each group were observed. The cell apoptosis of transplanted tumor tissues was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax at the mRNA and protein levels in transplantated tumor tissues was quantitatively measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results The tumor growth rate was the highest in the control and NC groups. The knockdown of RNF2 reduced the growth rate of xenografts and the tumor growth rate was the slowest in the RNF2 shRNA+ irradiation group ( P<0.05) . TUNEL assay revealed that the cell apoptosis rates in all groups were significantly increased after irradiation ( all P<0.05) . Before and after irradiation, the apoptosis rate in the RNF2 shRNA group was markedly higher than those in the control and NC groups ( both P<0.05) . Prior to irradiation, the expression levels of RNF2 mRNA and protein in the RNF2 shRNA group were significantly lower compared with those in the control and NC groups ( all P<0.05) , and the tendency became more significant after irradiation. Compared with the control and NC groups, the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the RNF2 shRNA group before and after irradiation ( all P<0.05) , whereas those of Bax mRNA and protein were considerably up-regulated ( all P<0.05 ) . Conclusions In vivo experiment demonstrates that RNF2 knockdown effectively increases the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma EAC109 cells in nude mouse models with transplanted tumors, which is intimately associated with inducing the cell apoptosis.

At present,specific targeted treatment of vitiligo is still lacking,and there are many limitations of current therapies,such as slow repigmentation process,long duration of treatment and frequent recurrence.As a therapeutic strategy for rapidly improving the appearance of patients,camouflage therapy has a unique advantage in the treatment of various skin diseases.Several studies in China and other countries have shown that the correct use of cosmetic camouflage can effectively improve the appearance and quality of life of patients with vitiligo.This review summarizes the knowledge about various camouflage therapies and related clinical researches on the relationship between camouflage therapies and quality of life of patients with vitiligo,and elaborates application prospects of camouflage therapies in the treatment of vitiligo.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of X-ray radiation on cell proliferation, migration, survival ability and cell cycle of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of HMGB1 gene expression. Methods: The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels in the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines ECA109 and KYSE30 was determined using RT-PCR and Western blot assays. MTS and Transwell assays were employed to examine the proliferation and migration of ECA109 and KYSE30 cell lines. The cellular survival ability in vitro was assessed by clone formation assay. The cell cycle after X-ray radiation in different groups was detected by flow cytometry. Results: The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels in ECA109 and KYSE30 cells were markedly higher in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in the radiation group than that in the control group (all P<0.05). MTS results demonstrated that the proliferation of ECA109 and KYSE30 cells was obviously lower at each time point after radiation than that in the group without radiation (all P<0.01). The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly inhibited in the HMGB1 siRNA group than those in the control and NC groups (both P<0.01). The data from the clone formation assay revealed that the radiosensitivity was significantly increased after down-regulation of HMGB1 expression (P<0.01). Transwell migration assay revealed that the number of migrating cells at the fourth hour after X-ray irradiation in the HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly lower than those in the control and negative groups (both P<0.01). In the HMGB1 siRNA group, the percentage of cells at G₀/G₁ phase was obviously higher, whereas the percentage of S phase was significantly lower than those in the control and NC groups, and the trend was even more significant after X-ray radiation (all P<0.01). Conclusion Inhibition of HMGB1 expression by siRNA can suppress the proliferation and migration of ECA109 and KYSE30 cells and enhance the radiosensitivity by increasing the cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ stage after X-ray irradiation in vitro.