Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF's anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.
Mice ; Animals ; Adipose Tissue, Brown ; Sirtuin 1/pharmacology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Morus/metabolism* ; Flavonoids/metabolism* ; Prospective Studies ; Signal Transduction ; Adipose Tissue, White ; Plant Leaves ; Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism*

The velocity of blood in vessels is an important indicator that reflects the microcirculatory status. The core of the measurement technology, which is based on spatiotemporal (ST) image, is to map the cell motion trace to the two-dimensional ST image, and transfer the measurement of flow velocity to the detection of trace orientation in ST image. This paper proposes a trace orientation measurement algorithm is based on Randomized Hough Transformation and projection transformation, and it is able to estimate trace orientation and flow velocity in noisy ST images. Experiments showed that the agreement between the results by manual and by the proposed algorithm reached over 90%.
Algorithms ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Humans ; Microcirculation ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of the lobulated medial sural artery perforator flap in repairing soft tissue defect in hand or foot.

METHODSSince March 2012 to September 2014, 6 cases with soft tissue defects in hands or feet were treated by lobulated medial sural artery flaps pedicled with 1st musculo-cutaneous perforator and 2st musculo-cutaneous perforator of the medial sural artery. The size of the flaps ranged from 4.5 cm x 10.0 cm to 6.0 cm x 17.0 cm.

RESULTS5 cases of lobulated flap survived smoothly, only 1 lobulated flap had venous articulo, but this flap also survived after the articulo was removed by vascular exploration. All flaps had desirable appearance and sensation and the two-point discrimination was 6 mm in mean with 4 to 12 months follow-up (average, 7 months). Linear scar was left in donor sites in 3 cases and skin scar in 3 cases. There was no malfunction in donor sites.

CONCLUSIONSLobulated medial sural artery perforator flap is feasible and ideal method for the treatment of soft tissue defect in hand or foot with satisfactory effect.

Arteries ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVEThe assessment result of microcirculatory perfusion provides significant evidence for the detection of microcirculatory alterations in sepsis patients, and functional capillary density based on vessel segmentation can reflect microcirculatory perfusion effectively.

METHODSFirst, preprocessing comprise operations to improve the quality of images in order to maximize the contrast between background and vessels. Secondly, adaptive local thresholding is used for initial segmentation to get the general vessel region. Finally, post-processing technique reduces the image artifacts and links the vessel fragment, and then functional capillary density is calculated based on the segmentation results.

RESULTSSeveral sublingual microcirculatory data have been tested, and the agreement between the results by AVA and the proposed algorithm reached up to 92%.

CONCLUSIONSThe method can realize automated assessment of sublingual microcirculatory perfusion rapidly and accurately, and has strong clinical value.

Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Microcirculation ; Mouth Floor ; blood supply

Objective The assessment result of microcirculatory perfusion provides significant evidence for the detection of microcirculatory alterations in sepsis patients, and functional capilary density based on vessel segmentation can refl ect microcirculatory perfusion effectively.Methods First, preprocessing comprise operations to improve the quality of images in order to maximize the contrast between background and vessels. Secondly, adaptive local thresholding is used for initial segmentation to get the general vessel region. Finaly, post-processing technique reduces the image artifacts and links the vessel fragment, and then functional capilary density is calculated based on the segmentation results.Results Several sublingual microcirculatory data have been tested, and the agreement between the results by AVA and the proposed algorithm reached up to 92%.Conclusions The method can realize automated assessment of sublingual microcirculatory perfusion rapidly and accurately, and has strong clinical value.

Objective:This paper studied the electromagnetic-driven pressure control system in the automatic measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP).The accuracy of pressure control directly impacts on the accuracy of IOP measurements,so it calls for precise pressure to achieve closed-loop control.Methods:According to the actual needs of IOP measuring,we got the structural and electromagnetic parameters of the electromagnetic drive system by combining the methods of numerical calculation and ANSYS simulation.Using the FC bus and digital-analog conversion,the microcontroller module controlled the drive current digitally and precisely in order to achieve closed-loop control of pressure.Results:The experimental results showed that in the electromagnetic pressure control system,the pressure range was 0 N～0.48982 N,the accuracy 0.00058 N,the drive current control error about 1% on average.Besides,the electromagnetic force and the excitation current showed a good linear relationship in the same stroke.Conclusions:The electromagnetic pressure control system achieved a good result in closed-loop control of pressure.The control pressure range and control accuracy were in line with the standard of Goldmann applanation tonometer.According to the results,this study laid the foundation for the further development of IOP automatically measuring instruments.

Objective To develop a system for detection and diagnosis of osteoporosis by using quantitative ultrasound technology.Methods An ARM embedded system was used to measure the speed of ultrasound,the broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) and the stiffness.The speed of ultrasound mainly reflects bone structural features,BUA mainly reflects bone density,and stiffness can synthetically reflects bone intensity.Results Based on an ARM microprocessor,the whole system could diagnose osteoporosis through the parameters sent by ultrasound.Conclusion The system for ultrasonic diagnosis of osteoporosis based on ARM can achieve precise diagnosis in clinic by setting osseous parameters database of normal people in different age,weight and sex.

The advantages of LabVIEW are becoming more and more distinct in instruments design.The ECG signals from MIT database are introduced using LabVIEW on software platform.They are treated with band stop,high pass,low pass filters in turn,and then heart rate is analyzed and calculated.Finally the amplitude and duration of QRS are recognized.

Objective To fit the functional relation between Percentage Depth Dose and depth by Newton Interpolation. Methods After analyzing the data of Percentage Depth Dose from different manufacturers' linear accelerators, the average of Percentage Depth Dose with same depth was calculated, and then the average data was determined. The interval was set and the interpolation node was selected for simulating the cubic polynomial with PDD and depth. Results Comparing the calculated values by the function with the measured ones, the error was less than 1%. Conclusion The function simulated with Newton Interpolation is applicable in routine clinical radiotherapy and research.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of biomedical fibrin glue in laparoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer perforation.Methods A total of 126 patients with peptic ulcer perforation were randomly divided into two groups (63 in each group).Biomedical fibrin glue was used in treatment group,and routine treatment was used in control group.The total volume of drainage after operation,rate of intestnial fistula and adhesions,allergy reaction,time of drainage tube removal,and average hospotal stay time were observed in both groups.Results There was no allergic reaction in treatment group.Total volume of drainage in treatment group was(65.3?7.5)mL,and (110.2?9.6)mL in control group,with a significant difference between the two groups(P