ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Huaiqihuang granules （HQH） on immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis （IgAVN） mice and explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism. MethodFifty SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group， an IgAVN model group， a dexamethasone group （2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， a low-dose HQH group （4 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a high-dose HQH group （8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The mouse model was established using oral administration of gliadin combined with intravenous injection of India ink. After successful modeling， the mice were euthanized after 4 weeks of gastric gavage according to groups. The 24 h urinary total protein （24 h UTP）， urine β₂-microglobulin （β₂-MG）， serum total protein， albumin， IgA， etc. were detected in each group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of T helper 17 （Th17） cells in spleen cell suspension. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α （AMPKα）， phosphorylated AMPKα （p-AMPKα）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and phosphorylated ACC1 （p-ACC1） in Th17 cells. Pathological changes in the spleen and kidneys were observed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the IgAVN model group showed significant increases in 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， total cholesterol （P<0.05）， serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IgA， Th17 proportion in the spleen cell suspension， and IL-17 expression in the spleen tissue （P<0.01）， and significantly decreased serum total protein， albumin， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， in the 4th week， the 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， serum IL-17， IgA levels， and renal IgA deposition were significantly reduced in each treatment group （P<0.01）， and the Th17 proportion and IL-17 expression in spleen tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum albumin levels significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， the dexamethasone group and the high-dose HQH group showed increases in serum total protein （P<0.01）， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose HQH group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol level （P<0.05）. Various treatment groups showed different degrees of improvement in spleen and kidney pathological changes. ConclusionHQH may affect Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the AMPK/ACC pathway， correcting immune inflammatory disorders， and exerting therapeutic effects on IgAVN.

Objective:To explore the expression features of cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ (MT-CO1), BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the liver of MRL/lpr lupus mice.Methods:The mRNA and protein levels of MT-CO1, BNIP3, IL-1β, p16 and p21 in lupus mice and control mice were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, the IL-1β expression site were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical method, and themalondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by colorimetry. Hepatocytes and macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while hepatocytes were also cultured with supernatants obtained after macrophages stimulated with LPS, and the mRNA and protein levels of MT-CO1, BNIP3 and LC3B, as well as p16 and p21 expression, were determined by qPCR and Western blot. The expression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) was detected by immunofluorescence. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean of each group, and LSD method was used to compare the means of multiple samples, and Tamhane's T2 method was used to compare the means of multiple samples when the variance was uniform. Results:The results of PCR showed that the mRNA levels of MT-CO1 and BNIP3 in the liver tissue of the lupus group (0.14±0.04; 0.16±0.05) were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.11±0.04; 0.16±0.06), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.16, P<0.001; t=4.54, P<0.001). The expression levels of IL-1β, p16 and p21 in the lupus group (2.06±0.69; 0.37±0.14; 0.16±0.06) were significantly higher than those of the control group (0.23±0.06; 0.25±0.08; 0.11±0.04) ( t=9.58, P<0.001; t=24.35, P<0.001; t=22.36, P<0.001). The results of Western blot were consistent with those of PCR. HE staining showed lymphocyte infiltration in the liver tissue of lupus mice, and immunohistochemistry showed IL-1β in the liver tissue of lupus mice. The positive cells were mainly concentrated in the sinusoids, and the expression of hepatic parenchymal cells was not rearkable. The content of MDA in liver tissue of the lupus group (0.19±0.10) was higher than that of the control group (0.17±0.09), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.33, P=0.005). LPS directly stimulated AML12 hepatocytes (0.069±0.028; 0.17±0.07). The PCR results showed that compared with the control group (0.176±0.072; 0.08±0.03), the expression of MT-CO1, and BNIP3 were not significantly different ( t=1.01, P=0.337; t=0.88, P=0.399). The expression of IL-1β was significantly higher when incubated with the supernatants of LPS stimulated macrophages (0.28±0.09) compared than that of the control group (0.15±0.05) ( t=28.26, P<0.001). The results of PCR showed that the mRNA levels of MT-CO1 and BNIP3 in the LPS stimulated group (0.046±0.026; 0.17±0.05) were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.143±0.083; 0.18±0.06), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.52, P<0.001; t=4.24, P<0.001), The expression of p16 and p21 in LPS stimulated group (0.29±0.09; 0.27±0.09) were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.18±0.06; 0.22±0.07) ( t=13.54, P<0.001; t=8.69, P<0.001). The results of Western blot were consistent with those of PCR. Immunofluorescence showed that the fluorescence intensity of mtROS in LPS stimulated group (0.25±0.10) was higher than that in the control group (0.08±0.03), and the difference was statistically significant ( t= 4.86, P<0.001). Conclusion:Immune-mediated inflammation in the liver tissue of lupus mice can stimulate liver parenchymal cells to cause intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism of liver organ damage in lupus mice is not limited to the immune-mediated inflammation of immune active cells, but also include parenchymal cell mitochondrial dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: In order to find whether there is the correlation between the non-oil particle filtration efficiency(PFE) and the bacterial filtration efficiency(BFE) of medical surgical masks. METHODS: Non-oil particle filtration efficiency and bacterial filtration efficiency were compared and analyzed through the test data of medical surgical masks from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS: When the non-oil particle filtration efficiency of medical surgical mask is over 80%, the bacterial filtration efficiency can reach 95%. CONCLUSIONS In order to reach the requirement of 95% bacterial filtration efficiency, surgical medical mask must improve the limit of non-oil particle filtration efficiency. The results of data analysis can provide reference for emergency inspection and filter material rapid inspection, and also provide reference for the revision of YY 0469 standard.
Filtration ; Masks ; Particle Size

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of sweat conductivity testing in Chinese children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sweat conductivity tests were conducted in 45 CF children (CF group) and 200 non-CF children (non-CF group) diagnosed with other chronic pulmonary diseases at the No. 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children′s Hospital from May 2014 to June 2018. Pearson′s chi-square test was used to assess the differences between CF and non-CF groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to calculate the best cut-off value to diagnose or rule out CF. The pulmonary function parameters (forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity,forced expiratory flows at 75% of exhaled vital capacity) of CF children over 6 years old were analyzed. The relationship between sweat conductivity and pulmonary function was compared between the two groups (80-120mmol/L vs.>120mmol/L). Results: The age of CF group was 9 (7,12) years old, 19 males (42%) and 26 females(58%); the age of non-CF group was 8 (5,11) years old, 106 males (53%) and 94 females(47%). The results of sweat conductivity test showed that sweat conductivity in CF group 108(99, 122) mmol/L was significantly higher than that in non-CF group 43(36, 52) mmol/L (χ²=207, P<0.01). A cut-off value of 80 mmol/L for CF diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 98.5%. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested the best conductivity cut-off value for the diagnosis of CF was at 83.5 mmol/L,with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 100%,and an area under the curve of 0.993 (95% confidence interval 0.985-1.000). The best conductivity cut-off value to rule out CF diagnosis was at 63.5 mmol/L,with a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 90.5%. There was no correlation between the level of sweat conductivity and the extent of pulmonary function decline. Conclusions Sweat conductivity testing can be used for the screening of CF in Chinese children. A diagnosis of CF should be considered if the value is greater than 80 mmol/L.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of sweat conductivity testing in Chinese children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods This is a retrospective study. Sweat conductivity tests were conducted in 45 CF children (CF group) and 200 non‐CF children (non‐CF group) diagnosed with other chronic pulmonary diseases at the No. 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children′s Hospital from May 2014 to June 2018. Pearson′s chi‐square test was used to assess the differences between CF and non‐CF groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to calculate the best cut‐off value to diagnose or rule out CF. The pulmonary function parameters (forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity,forced expiratory flows at 75% of exhaled vital capacity) of CF children over 6 years old were analyzed. The relationship between sweat conductivity and pulmonary function was compared between the two groups (80‐120mmol/L vs.>120mmol/L). Results The age of CF group was 9 (7, 12) years old, 19 males (42%) and 26 females(58%); the age of non‐CF group was 8 (5,11) years old, 106 males (53%) and 94 females(47%). The results of sweat conductivity test showed that sweat conductivity in CF group 108(99, 122) mmol/L was significantly higher than that in non‐CF group 43(36, 52) mmol/L (χ2=207, P<0.01). A cut‐off value of 80 mmol/L for CF diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 98.5%. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested the best conductivity cut‐off value for the diagnosis of CF was at 83.5 mmol/L,with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 100%,and an area under the curve of 0.993 (95% confidence interval 0.985-1.000). The best conductivity cut‐off value to rule out CF diagnosis was at 63.5 mmol/L,with a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 90.5%. There was no correlation between the level of sweat conductivity and the extent of pulmonary function decline. Conclusions Sweat conductivity testing can be used for the screening of CF in Chinese children. A diagnosis of CF should be considered if the value is greater than 80 mmol/L.

Objective:To establish a method for determining styrene monomer migration amount in ofloxacin and sodium chloride injection from three layer coextrusion infusion bags by GC-MS.Methods:The styrene monomer content in ofloxacin and sodium chlo-ride injection was detected by GC-MS in order to study the migration amount of styrene from the packaging bag ( three layer coextrusion infusion) of ofloxacin and sodium chloride injection .A DB-624123-1334 capilary column (30 m ×0.32 mm, 1.8 μm) was used, and the detection was carried out with programmed temperature and headspace sampling by the electron bombardment source (EI) in a selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode.Results:The linear concentration range of styrene was 46.96-543.60 ng· ml-1(r=0.9999), and the average recovery was 101.2％(RSD=3.1％, n=9).Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible.It can be used for the compatibility testing between medicine and its package .

Objective To explore the effect of nursing support on negative emotion and quality of life in patients with brain tumor. Methods A total of 139 cases of brain tumor in Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital of Shandong University from September 2014 to February 2016 by convenient sampling , according to the random number table, they were divided into the control group and the intervention group. The patients in the control group were given routine discharge follow-up, while the patients in the intervention group were given emote team nursing support on the basis of the control group. We used anxiety self rating scale (SAS), depression self rating scale (SDS) and quality of life assessment scale (QLICP-BN) evaluation two groups of patients with anxiety, depression and quality of life level in the patients when they were discharged from hospital and discharged after 1 month, 3 months. Results Comparing the two groups of patients with anxiety and depression level and quality of life in the hospital, there was no statistically significant difference (t=0.187,0.174, P > 0.05);1 month after discharge, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively (62.97 ± 485), (63.83 ± 5.24) points in the intervention group, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively (64.58 ± 5.15), (65.17 ± 5.11) points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=2.753, 2.321, P<0.05);3 month after discharge, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively(61.04±4.13),(62.25±3.95)points in the intervention group, the scores of SAS and SDS respectively(63.91 ± 4.73),(64.83 ± 4.29)points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=4.621,5.196, P < 0.01); 1month, 3 months after discharge, the total quality of life scores respectively (65.28 ± 12.53), (68.71 ± 12.78) points in the intervention group, the total quality of life scores respectively (62.07 ± 11.27), (63.86 ± 12.13) points in the control group, the difference is statistically significant (t=2.439, 3.803, P < 0.01). The intervention effects and time effects of anxiety, depression and quality of life were statistically significant (W Mauchly's were 0.823, 0.782, 0.757, P <0.05). Conclusions Remote team nursing support can effectively reduce the negative emotions of patients with brain tumor, improve the quality of life, can be used in the department to promote the quality of clinical care.

Objective To analyze risk factors of indwelling catheter related urinary tract infection in department of urology and its clinical nursing prevention strategy.Methods A total of 300 children who were treated in department of urology in our hospital were selected as the research objects,and were divided into urinary tract infection group and no infection group according to whether the occurrence of urinary tract infection,the clinical data of two groups were compared and analyzed,single factor analysis and multivariate logistics regression analysis were performed to investigate the influence factors of urinary tract infection in children with urinary tract infection.Results Out of 300 children in department of urology,a total of 37 cases occurred catheter related urinary tract infection,the incidence of infection was 12.33％.Single factor analysis showed that the differences in gender,age,time of indwelling catheter,indwelling catheter,previous history of replacement time of urine collection bag,catheter replacement time and other aspects in two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);Multivariate logistics linear regression analysis showed that the catheter indwelling time,previous history of indwelling catheter and urine collection bag replacement time,catheter replacement time were the independent risk factors of catheter associated urinary tract infection.Conclusion Catheter associated urinary tract infection is common complications caused by indwelling catheter.The main risk factors are long indwelling catheter time and urine collection bag replacement time,long catheter replacement time,and previous catheterization history,so clinical nursing process.So corresponding preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factors of nursing.

Objective To analyze risk factors of indwelling catheter related urinary tract infection in department of urology and its clinical nursing prevention strategy.Methods A total of 300 children who were treated in department of urology in our hospital were selected as the research objects,and were divided into urinary tract infection group and no infection group according to whether the occurrence of urinary tract infection,the clinical data of two groups were compared and analyzed,single factor analysis and multivariate logistics regression analysis were performed to investigate the influence factors of urinary tract infection in children with urinary tract infection.Results Out of 300 children in department of urology,a total of 37 cases occurred catheter related urinary tract infection,the incidence of infection was 12.33％.Single factor analysis showed that the differences in gender,age,time of indwelling catheter,indwelling catheter,previous history of replacement time of urine collection bag,catheter replacement time and other aspects in two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);Multivariate logistics linear regression analysis showed that the catheter indwelling time,previous history of indwelling catheter and urine collection bag replacement time,catheter replacement time were the independent risk factors of catheter associated urinary tract infection.Conclusion Catheter associated urinary tract infection is common complications caused by indwelling catheter.The main risk factors are long indwelling catheter time and urine collection bag replacement time,long catheter replacement time,and previous catheterization history,so clinical nursing process.So corresponding preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factors of nursing.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of antioxygen 1178 in 5-layer co-extrusion bags used for infu-sion. Methods:A Uitimat XB-C8 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column was used,the mobile phase was methanol-water with gradient elu-tion, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 ,the detection wavelength was 223 nm,the column temperature was 35℃ and the injection vol-ume was 20 μl. Results:The concentration of antioxygen 1178 had the linear relationship within the range of 1. 64-205. 10 μg·ml-1 (r=0. 999 9),and the average recovery was 92. 05% (RSD=1. 94%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is accurate,stable and spe-cific,and can be used to determine antioxygen 1178 in 5-layer co-extrusion bags used for infusion.