Objective:To investigate the infection status of the hepatitis B virus among the population over 18 years old in the Chaoyang District of Beijing from August to December 2020.Methods:A multistage stratified cluster random sampling was carried out on residents over 18 years old who lived in Chaoyang for more than six months in 2020. The estimated sample size was 8 525. A blood sample was collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc using the Abbott Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay method. A questionnaire survey was also conducted.Results:A total of 9 875 residents were included; the overall positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs was 2.8% (95% CI:2.5%-3.1%), 33.9% (95% CI:33.0%-34.9%) and 45.6% (95% CI:44.6%-46.6%), respectively. The negative rate for all three serological markers was 45.9% (95% CI:44.9%-46.9%). The reported hepatitis B vaccination rate was 22.4%. The positive rate of HBsAg and anti-HBc were lower in group aged 18-28 years (1.9% and 6.8%, respectively) than the others, and that of the male was higher (3.6% and 35.4%, respectively) than the female (2.2% and 32.8%, respectively). The negative rate for all three serological markers increased with age. However, the positive rate of anti-HBs decreased with age. Conclusions:In Chaoyang District of Bejing, HBV prevalence among the population over 18 years old has decreased. The publicity and education about hepatitis B prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce the immunization gap of the population further.

Objective: To investigate the source and the transmission chain of a cold-chain product associated COVID-19 epidemic caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Beijing. Methods: Epidemiological investigation were used to verify the exposure points of the cases. Close contacts were traced from the exposure points, and human and environmental samples were collected for nucleic acid tests. Positive samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Results: A total of 112 cases of COVID-19 were reported in the epidemic from January 18 to February 6, 2022 in Beijing. Except for 1 case was uncertain, there were epidemiological links among 111 cases. The source of infection was the packages of imported cold-chain products from Southeast Asia, which were harvested and stored in a local cold-storage in January 2021, and packaged and sent to the cold-storage A in A district in June 2021, and then sold in batches in cold-storage B in B district from January 2022. The first case was infected in the handling of positive frozen products, and then 77 cases occurred due to working, eating and living together with the index case in the cold-storage B, cold-storage C and restaurant D. Besides the cold-storage B, C and the restaurant D, there were 16 sub-transmission chains, resulting in additional 35 cases. Conclusion: The epidemic indicated that the risk of 2019-nCoV infection from imported cold-chain products contaminated by package and highlighted the importance to strengthen the management of cold-chain industry in future.
Beijing/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the cycle threshold ( Ct) values of N gene of COVID-19 cases and the secondary attack risk in close contacts, and identify the relationship between respiratory viral load and infectivity in COVID-19 cases. Methods:The COVID-19 cases with records of Ct values of N gene within 0-7 days of onset were selected, and their close contacts were recruited as the subjects of study. We collected the information of close contacts, including name, gender, age, isolation mode, exposure mode and outcome (whether they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or not) and other variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between Ct values of N gene of COVID-19 cases and secondary attack risk in close contacts. Results:A total of 1 618 close contacts were recruited, in whom 77 were confirmed as symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with overall secondary attack rate of 4.8%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that eating together ( OR=2.741, P=0.054), living together ( OR=9.721, P<0.001), non-centralized isolation ( OR=18.437, P<0.001) and COVID-19 case's values of N gene within 0-7 days of onset being <20 ( OR=8.998, P=0.004) or 20-25 ( OR=3.547, P=0.032) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 in close contacts. Conclusion:The results indicated that positive relationship exists between respiratory viral load and infectivity in COVID-19 cases, suggesting that Ct values of N gene can be used as an early warning indicator for the management of close contacts of COVID-19 cases.

Objective:Analyze and contruct the post competency model of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing, so as to provide information for cultivation and construction of public health personnel, and the human Resource Management in relevant institutions.Methods:Cross-sectional research method was used, and based on literature research, functional analysis and referring to Hay Group Competency Dictionary and McClellan Competency Dictionary, the post competency dictionary was established after the unified discussion of the subject group. Hierarchical cluster sampling method was used to investigate an online survey on competency factors of professionals in centers for Disease prevention and Control in Beijing, and factor analysis was conducted on the survey data.Results:The competency model of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing was composed of six factors, which are Public health practical operation skills and norms, public health emergency response thinking and deductive and inductive ability, professional quality and professional ethics, communication, coordination ability and team spirit, medicine humanities knowledge and health management and guidance.Conclusions:This competency model is basically in line with the job responsibilities of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing. However, it can only reflect the post competence and ability of the middle and junior technical personnel for practice, so which should belongs to the category of basic competence.

Objective:Analyze and contruct the post competency model of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing, so as to provide information for cultivation and construction of public health personnel, and the human Resource Management in relevant institutions.Methods:Cross-sectional research method was used, and based on literature research, functional analysis and referring to Hay Group Competency Dictionary and McClellan Competency Dictionary, the post competency dictionary was established after the unified discussion of the subject group. Hierarchical cluster sampling method was used to investigate an online survey on competency factors of professionals in centers for Disease prevention and Control in Beijing, and factor analysis was conducted on the survey data.Results:The competency model of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing was composed of six factors, which are Public health practical operation skills and norms, public health emergency response thinking and deductive and inductive ability, professional quality and professional ethics, communication, coordination ability and team spirit, medicine humanities knowledge and health management and guidance.Conclusions:This competency model is basically in line with the job responsibilities of professionals in centers for disease prevention and control in Beijing. However, it can only reflect the post competence and ability of the middle and junior technical personnel for practice, so which should belongs to the category of basic competence.

Objective: Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing. Methods: According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator. Results: A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰ with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases). Conclusion Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.

Objective Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing. Methods According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator. Results A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases). Conclusion Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.

Objective Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing. Methods According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator. Results A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases). Conclusion Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid hepatitis B vaccination with different vaccine dosages and types in adults.Methods Adults who were aged ≥20 years,negative in the detections of 5 HBV serum markers or only anti-HBc positive were selected from Chaoyang district of Beijing.They were divided into 4 community-based specific groups and given three doses of 10 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-CHO vaccine and 10 μ g HepB-HPY vaccine respectively at month 0,1,and 2.Their blood samples were collected within 1-2 months after completing the three dose vaccination to test anti-HBs level by using chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted,and x2 test,Mantel-Haensel x2 test,Kruskal-Wallis rank test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results A total of 1 772 participants completed vaccination and observation.Their average age was 48.5 years,and 62.75％ of them were females.The anti-HBs positive rates in the groups of 10 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-CHO and 10 μg HepB-HPY vaccines were 79.49％,84.34％,82.50％ and 74.15％,respectively (P=0.005),and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 39.53 mIU/ml,62.37 mIU/ml,48.18 mIU/ml and 33.64 mIU/ml respectively (P=0.025).The overall anti-HBs positive rate and GMT were 79.01％ and 41.18 mIU/ml.The anti-HBs GMT of 4 groups declined with age.The differences in anti-HBs GMT among 4 groups minimized with age.The result of logistic modeling indicated that vaccine type and dosage,age and smoking were associated with anti-HBs statistically after controlling the variables of "only anti-HBc positive or not" and "history of hepatitis B vaccination".Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination at dosage of 20 tg based on 0-1-2 month rapid schedule could achieved anti-HBs positive rates ＞80％ in middle aged and old people,which can be used as supplement of 0-1-6 month routine schedule.