Objective:To explore the association between frailty index (FI) and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide new evidence for the prevention of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:The FI was constructed by using the data from a prospective cohort with a sample size of 25 055 individuals in 6 years of follow-up, and the prevalence of frailty in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was described by the FI, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between the FI and the incidence of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Results:The FI of the study population was 0.24±0.09. The population in the pre-frail (FI: 0.21-0.27) and frail (FI≥0.28) phases had increased risk for CVD compared to non-frail (FI≤0.20) population [pre-frail: hazard ratio ( HR)=1.232, 95% CI: 1.127-1.347; frail phase: HR=1.418, 95% CI:1.299-1.548]. For every 0.10 increase in FI, the risk for cardiovascular disease increased by 20.3% ( HR=1.203,95% CI:1.156-1.252). Conclusions:In this study, we constructed a FI, which can suggest the risk for CVD. As the increase of frailty degree, the risk for CVD increases.

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum vitamin D level and glucose and lipid metabolism among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to providing a scientific basis for guiding rational vitamin D supplementation among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Region. Methods: A total of 2 206 students of primary and middle school students from 8 counties (districts) in Inner Mongolia were enrolled for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory test by a multi stage stratified random sampling approach.The levels of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and other related indexes with different vitamin D levels were analyzed, and their correlation was further discussed. Results: The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D among primary and middle school students were 33.2% and 42.8%, respectively, and the suitable rate was 24.0%. The body mass index (BMI) and waist height ratio (WHtR) of the vitamin D deficiency group [(22.87±7.41) kg/m 2 , 0.46±0.08)]were higher than the insufficiency [(20.59±8.00)kg/m 2, 0.44±0.09)] and suitable group [(18.01±7.38)kg/m 2, 0.43 ±0.08)] ( P <0.05). Compared with the vitamin D suitable group [(3.87±0.85) mmol/L], the total cholesterol (TC) level in the deficiency group [(3.73±0.67)mmol/L] decreased, with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the vitamin D insufficiency[(1.40±0.33)mmol/L] and deficiency groups [(1.34±0.31)mmol/L] were lower than the suitable group [(1.48±0.34)mmol/L], with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The detection rate of hyperuricemia (HUA) in the vitamin D deficiency group (22.95%) was higher than the suitable group (17.20%), with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.016 7). Pearson correlation analysis showed that vitamin D was negatively correlated with BMI and WHtR ( r =-0.23, -0.11), and positively correlated with TC and HDL level ( r =0.06, 0.16) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The deficiency and insufficiency rates of serum vitamin D among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia are high which are associated with several indicators of blood lipids. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement vitamin D preparations in moderation in daily life.

Objective:To analyze the status of first viral load (VL) suppression for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, to provide theoretical evidence for improvement of ART effectiveness.Methods:Based on a retrospective cohort study, logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors about VL suppression.Results:There were 4 833 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases who received ART from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, and 3 449 cases achieved VL suppression at the first VL testing. The rate of first VL suppression was 71.36%. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients on ART with education at junior high school, junior college and above were higher than those with education at primary school and below, with OR values at 1.75 and 2.00, separately. The possibilities of first VL suppression for patients treated at medical institutions was higher than those by CDC, with OR value 1.29. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients whose CD4 count level at 201-350, 351-500 and ≥501 cells/μl were higher than that of the patients whose CD4 count level at ≤200 cells/μl, with OR values at 2.36, 2.11 and 2.66, respectively. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients who missed doses was lower than those who did not miss doses, with OR value at 0.55. All the Pvalues for the above comparisons was <0.05. Conclusions:The suppression of viral load for HIV/AIDS on ART was influenced by culture level, CD4 count level at the entry of ART, treatment institutions and adherence to the therapy. Earlier diagnosis, treatment services provided by medical institutions and improvement of drug adherence can enhance ART effectiveness.

Objective:To analyze the timeliness and influencing factors of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV/AIDS patients from 2017 to 2019 in Shandong province.Methods:Data were collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System, HIV/AIDS cases enrolled in antiretroviral therapy, from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, ≥15 years of age and from the mainland of China were the subjects of the study. The general demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education level, marital status, etc), infection routes, sample sources, date of diagnosis, baseline CD4+ T cell level, and clinical stage and other information were collected from the database. Univariate analysis was conducted for the timeliness of ART of the subjects by Chi square test, and the influencing factors associated with timeliness of ART were analyzed by binary non-conditional Logistic regression.Results:Among the 7 425 cases of HIV/AIDS, 6 813(91.8%) were male, 5 236(70.5%) had homosexual transmission, the age at the ART initiation was(36.05±12.51)years. The proportion of timeliness of ART within 30 d increased from 55.9% (1145/2050) in 2017 to 65.3% (1821/2789) in 2019. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS who were married or cohabiting, education of high school and above were higher, with OR values at 1.136, 1.299. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose domicile place is outside Shandong province were lower, with OR values at 0.664. The possibility of timeliness of ART in group of HIV/AIDS aging≥55, 45~54 and 35~44 years old were higher than that in 15~24 years old, with OR values at 1.530, 1.505 and 1.394. The possibility of timeliness of ART among the heterosexuals were lower than that of homosexuals, with OR values at 0.803. The possibility of timeliness of ART is lower for cases in places of detention centers than cases from volunteer testing and counseling, with OR values at 0.204. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at >500 cells/μL were lower than that of the cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at≤500 cells/μl, with OR values at 0.545. Patients without symptoms at baseline were less likely to receive prompt treatment than those with clinical symptoms, with OR values at 0.727. Patients with baseline clinical staging of stage Ⅳ, period of HIV/AIDS treatment with timeliness was longer than the cases with baseline clinical stages ofⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, with OR values at 1.307. Conclusions:The proportion of timeliness of ART increased from 2017 to 2019. Marital status, educational level, age, sample source, infection routes, baseline clinical stage, and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels were associated with the timeliness of ART.

Objective:To analyze the status of follow-up and its correlation with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, then to provide theoretical evidence for the improvement of follow-up and HAART.Methods:Based on retrospective cohort study, logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors of follow-up for HIV/AIDS, and chi-square test was used to do correlation analysis.Results:There were 6253 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, and 6011 cases accepted follow-up service. The cumulative follow-up rate was 96.13%, and timely follow-up rate was 94.51%. Higher prevalence of follow-up was found among those aged 15-24 years at diagnosis, diagnosed by VCT, with education level of college and above, lived in east of Shandong province and infected with homosexual sex behaviors. HIV/AIDS cases who received follow-up service within 1 year of diagnosis were more likely to receive HAART ( OR=5.28, 95% CI: 3.51-7.95) and meet the level of viral load (VL) suppression ( OR=4.30, 95% CI: 2.89-6.40) than those who received follow-up service later. Conclusions:The status of follow-up of HIV/AIDS in Shandong province was influenced by age at diagnosis, sample resource, cultural level, address and transmission route. Timely follow-up can improve the proportion and effect of HIV/AIDS treatment.

Objective:To understand the use of drug and its related factors among men who have sex with men, and to provide reference for the development of reasonable intervention measures.Methods:MSM was recruited from Jinan and Qingdao by means of on-site and internet recruiting from March to June in 2016. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted and HIV and syphilis serological tests were performed. The questionnaire included the general situation, sexual behavior, HIV related services and so on. Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression model was used to explore related factors about rush poppers use.Results:The rush poppers use rate of 901 MSM was 30.1%（271/901）, the age was (29.3±8.1) years, the HIV infection rate was 4.6% (41/901) and the syphilis infection rate was 8.7% (78/901). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with those who were>25 years old, the OR (95% CI) of those who were ≤ 25 years old was 1.571 (1.110-2.224); compared with the number of anal sexual behavior was<2 times in the last week, the OR (95% CI) of those whose number of anal sexual behavior was ≥2 times was 2.991 (1.100-8.132); compared with those who had not received peer education services in the last year, the OR (95% CI) of those who received peer education services was 13.651 (7.239-25.742). Conclusion:Rush poppers are very popular in the MSM crowd, and those who aged less than 25 years old, who had anal sex more than twice in the past week, and who had received peer education services were more likely to use rush poppers. We should carry out targeted interventions according to the characteristics.

Objective:To understand the use of drug and its related factors among men who have sex with men, and to provide reference for the development of reasonable intervention measures.Methods:MSM was recruited from Jinan and Qingdao by means of on-site and internet recruiting from March to June in 2016. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted and HIV and syphilis serological tests were performed. The questionnaire included the general situation, sexual behavior, HIV related services and so on. Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression model was used to explore related factors about rush poppers use.Results:The rush poppers use rate of 901 MSM was 30.1%（271/901）, the age was (29.3±8.1) years, the HIV infection rate was 4.6% (41/901) and the syphilis infection rate was 8.7% (78/901). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with those who were>25 years old, the OR (95% CI) of those who were ≤ 25 years old was 1.571 (1.110-2.224); compared with the number of anal sexual behavior was<2 times in the last week, the OR (95% CI) of those whose number of anal sexual behavior was ≥2 times was 2.991 (1.100-8.132); compared with those who had not received peer education services in the last year, the OR (95% CI) of those who received peer education services was 13.651 (7.239-25.742). Conclusion:Rush poppers are very popular in the MSM crowd, and those who aged less than 25 years old, who had anal sex more than twice in the past week, and who had received peer education services were more likely to use rush poppers. We should carry out targeted interventions according to the characteristics.

Objective: To understand the survival status of AIDS patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Shandong province during 2003 to 2017, and to determine the factors associated with survival status. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among AIDS patients initially received antiretroviral therapy from 2003 to 2017. The epidemiological characteristics of the subjects were described, and life tables were used to estimate the survival rates, the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox regression model. Results: A total of 9 813 cases were enrolled in this study, of the subjects, the median age was 34.9±11.0 years. The median of baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 300.0(P₂₅-P₇₅: 163.0, 428.0)cells/μl, and 83.2% of them were at clinical stage Ⅰ (World Health Organization, WHO). The cumulative survival rates were 97.7%, 96.7%, 95.8% and 93.7%, 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after the initiation of ART respectively. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of the mortality among those infected through homosexual behavior was 38% lower than that of patients infected via blood or other routes, and HR was 0.62 (95%CI: 0.43-0.89). Higher education level had lower mortality risk(the mortality risk of those with university degree or above was lower, compared to those with primary and lower cultural level, HR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.26-0.65). At baseline, AIDS patients at clinical stage Ⅰ(WHO) had lower mortality risk than those who were at clinical stageⅡ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ(WHO). Lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count had higher mortality risk. Conclusions Survival rate was higher after initial antiretroviral therapy among AIDS patients in Shandong province. CD4+ T lymphocyte count level, WHO clinical stage, and presence or absence of clinical symptoms at baseline are the main factors influencing the survival time of AIDS patients after ART.

A survey was conducted to analyze the HIV testing status and related influencing factors of male sexually transmitted diseases(STD) patients attending 18 county-level hospitals in Shandong Province from July 2015 to August 2016. The HIV detection rate of 1 570 subjects was 77.58% (1 218/1 570), and the HIV-antibody positive rate was 0.99% (12/1 218). Compared with general hospitals patients, urinary and anorectal patients, non-sexual patients, and patients with negative attitudes toward HIV testing, patients were more likely to be tested for HIV from specialized hospitals (OR=3.74, 95%CI:2.53-5.54), the skin and venereal section (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.31-2.79), the STD group (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.34-3.03) and patients with positive attitude (OR=15.20, 95%CI:10.74-21.52).

A survey was conducted to analyze the HIV testing status and related influencing factors of male sexually transmitted diseases(STD) patients attending 18 county?level hospitals in Shandong Province from July 2015 to August 2016. The HIV detection rate of 1 570 subjects was 77.58% (1 218/1 570), and the HIV?antibody positive rate was 0.99% (12/1 218). Compared with general hospitals patients, urinary and anorectal patients, non?sexual patients, and patients with negative attitudes toward HIV testing, patients were more likely to be tested for HIV from specialized hospitals ( OR=3.74, 95%CI : 2.53-5.54), the skin and venereal section ( OR=1.92, 95%CI : 1.31-2.79), the STD group ( OR=2.02, 95%CI : 1.34-3.03) and patients with positive attitude ( OR=15.20, 95%CI :10.74-21.52).