Epileptogenesis is a dynamic process of gradual progression from normal developing brain to pathological epileptic brain， which is the latent and budding stage of epilepsy. Combining the understanding of epileptogenesis in children from Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， we proposed that the viewpoints of constitutional transformation， phlegm pathogen inducing epilepsy， and brain collateral damage， which correspond to key pathological mechanisms， namely gene polymorphism， immunoinflammation， and microvascular dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier， respectively. Based on these insights， strategies for prevention and treatment of epileptogenesis in children， as well as potential research directions are explored.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of intestinal carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) active screening combined with enhanced intervention in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in patients admitted to the hematological ward.Methods:Patients who were admitted to the Department of Hematology in a tertiary-care general hospital from March 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 and underwent chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy comprised the intervention group. They were screened for intestinal CRE at least thrice. From December 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017, patients who underwent chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy without active intestinal CRE screening in the Department of Hematology formed the control group. Both the patient groups were monitored for CRE infection in real time. The χ2 test was used to compare the changes in the CRE infection rate and mortality in high-risk patients before and after the active screening. Results:During the intervention period, the CRE colonization rate of patients was 16.46% (66/401) ; in terms of disease distribution, the colonization rate of acute leukemia was the highest 23.03% (26/113) . Of the 66 colonized patients, 27 (40.9%) patients were identified as positive for CRE at the first screening, 15 (22.7%) were identified at the time of the second screening, and the remaining 24 (36.4%) were identified at the third or subsequent screening; Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRPK) strains were dominant among the pathogens, accounting for 54.55% (36/66) . During the active screening period, the CRE infection rate (2.49%) and mortality rate (50.00%) of high-risk patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (11.30% and 69.23%, respectively) . The pathogens of 10 CRE infection patients during the intervention period were exactly the same as the previous active screening pathogens, and the coincidence rate was 100%.Conclusion:The CRE colonization rate was the highest in patients with acute leukemia who were admitted in the hematology wards. CRPK is the main pathogen of CRE colonization, infection, and death. Increasing the frequency of screening can significantly raise the positive rate of screening, Active screening can effectively reduce the incidence and subsequent mortality of CRE in high-risk patients admitted in the hematological wards. High coincidence rate between CRE screening positive pathogens and subsequent CRE infection pathogens. Intestinal CRE screening can serve as an indicator of CRE bloodstream infection in patients with hematological diseases as well as provide information for antibiotics therapy.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical correlation of IL-4 in patients with HBV infection.Methods Sixty cases with chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers,60 cases with chronic hepatitis B,60 cases with liver cirrhosis,60 cases with hepato-cellular carcinoma and 50 healthy controls were collected for serum.ELISA was used for detection of cytokine IL-4 levels;The a-mount of HBV DNA was measured by fluorescence quantitative PCR;Liver function was tested by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results Compared with the healthy controls[(1.64±0.17)ng/mL],IL-4 levels of patients with CHB,LC and HCC were signifi-cantly increased[(4.18±0.48),(4.71±0.42),(3.62±0.31)ng/mL,P <0.05].LC group have the highest IL-4 levels,while ASC was the lowest.Compared with the ASC group,IL-4 levels of patients with CHB,LC and HCC were significantly increased(P <0.05).Compared with the HCC group,IL-4 levels of patients with LC were significantly increased(P <0.05).IL-4 level was posi-tively correlated with TBIL levels in LC patients(r=0.529,P <0.01),while the IL-4 level was positively correlated with ALT and TBIL level in HCC patients(r=0.263,0.323,P <0.05).Conclusion IL-4 may play an important role in chronic HBV infection, the levels of IL-4 can be used as an important indicator to assess the severity of chronic hepatitis B.

Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; genetics ; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; genetics

Objective To investigate the value and clinical significance of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) ,inteleukin‐18 , interferon‐γand transforming growth factor‐βin patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection .Methods A total of 175 patients with HBV infection were divided into chronic type B hepatitis (CHB) group and chronic asympotomatic HBV carrier (ASC) group , which were further divided into hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and negative groups .CD4+ CD25+ Treg ,cytokines levels and liver function were measured .Healthy subjects were enrolled into control group .Results Proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg were without significant difference among healthy controls ,HBeAg(+ ) and HBeAg(-) ASC groups ,and HBeAg(+ ) and HBeAg(-) CHB groups (P>0 .05) .Compared with control group ,cytokines levels were significant higer in CHB and ASC group (P<0 .05) . CD4+CD25+ Treg level was significant positive correlation to alanine aminotransferase and ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to plateles in HBeAg(+ )ASC group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion CD4+CD25 + Treg and related cytokines could play important roles in the course of CHB ,while CD4+CD25+ Treg expressing might be correlated with inflammatory degree of hepatitis .

Objective To investigate the correlations on hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1‐antigen (pre‐S1Ag) with HBV‐DNA , HBV markers(HBV M) and liver function in the patients with hepatitis B .Methods The markers ,preS1‐Ag ,HBV‐DNA and liver function were determined by CLIA and PCR in 905 patients with hepatitis B (HBV infection group ) and 100 healthy persons (healthy control group) .Results Among 905 samples ,the positive rates of preS1‐Ag and HBV DNA were 68 .51% (620/905) and 67 .96% (615/905) ,there was no statistically significant difference between them (χ2 =30 .064 ,P>0 .05);the positive rates of pre‐S1Ag in 570 patients with HBeAg positive were 85 .08% (485/570) ,which was significantly higher than 40 .30% (135/335) in 335 patients with HBeAg negative ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =108 .881 ,P<0 .01) .The abnormal rates of ALT and AST in the Pre‐S1 Ag positive and negative groups were 53 .22% ,25 .96% and 51 .29% ,32 .98% ,respectively ,the differences be‐tween them were statistically significant (χ2ALT =53 .148 ,P<0 .001 ,χ2AST =66 .635 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion Pre‐S1Ag is a reliable index of the HBV infection and duplication and is highly correlated with HBV‐DNA positive ,which is important supplement and strengthening and can provide more timely and reliable experiment basis for guiding the clinical treatment .

Objective To investigate the relationship between HBV DNA load with the serological markers(HB-M)HBsAg, HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb in the persons infected by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)in Lanzhou.Methods The real-time fluores-cent quantitative PCR was used to detect the HBV DNA load and the double antibody sandwich chemiluminesent immunoassay was used to measure the serum HBsAg,HbeAg,HbeAb and HbcAb levels in 724 cases of HBVinfection.Results The HBsAg level was positively correlated with the HBV DNA load in chronic HBV infection in Lanzhou area(r=0.342,P <0.05),there was an ob-vious positive correlation between HBeAg and HBV DNA load(r=0.463,P <0.05),the HBeAb level and HBV DNA load had the negative correlation (r=-0.227,P =0.001),the HBcAb level and HBV DNA load had no significantly correlation (r=-0.062, P =0.366).Conclusion There is obvious positive correlation between HBV DNA load with HBsAg,HBeAg in chronic HBV infec-tion in Lanzhou area,which indicating that the observation by combining HBsAg and HBeAg with HBV DNA can judge the infec-tious degree of the patients more accurately.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Dahuang Zhechong pills (DZ) on arterial thrombotic model in vivo. METHODS: Sixty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal, model (collagen encapsulated thread-drawing),model+aspirin (ASA), model+clopidogrel (CP),model+ASA+CP, model+ low dosage DZ (DZL), and model+high dosage DZ (DZH). All rabbits except the normal group were fed with the drugs repectively for 8 days,and sacrificed at 2 hours after the last feeding, obtained aortae. The pathological changes in the aortae were observed under microscope,and the level of FDP, D-dimer and tissue factor (TF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The vascular vessels were filled with thrombi in the model group and the elastic membranes of the vessel wall were seriously injured. The arterial thrombi were observed around the vascular wall in the DZL group, but some of the thrombi were dissolved. The number of thrombi was remarkably decreased in the DZH group, and most thrombi were dissolved and the vascular intimal membranes were intact. Compared with the model group, the dry and wet weight of the thrombi and the level of D-dimer, FDP, and TF in the plasma were significantly attenuated (P<0.01) in all the treatment groups. There were no significant difference between the DZL group and the ASA group in the dry weight, D-Dimer, and FDP (P>0.05). The pathological changes in the vascular vessel and the elevation of plasma parameters in the DZL group were similar to those in the ASA and CP groups (P>0.05). The dry and wet weight, D-dimer, FDP, and TF in the plasma in the DZH group were significantly lower than those in the DZL group (P<0.01 or P<0.05, separatively), and closed to those in the ASA+CP group. CONCLUSION Dahuang Zhechong pills are potential novel anti-thromobotic agent for arterial thrombosis.
Animals ; Carotid Artery, Common ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the major pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of hospital infection in pediatrics unit,and to provide laboratory evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients who suffered from hospital infection in pediatrics unit from 2004 to 2006.the method was taken to carry out the sensitive test and bacteria identification by VITEK32,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophylus influenzae were assayed with French Bio-Merieux API System ATB STREP5 and ATB HAEMO,respectively.RESULTS Totally isolated strains were 489.Of them,108 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CONS),being 22.1%.58 strains were S.haemolyticus.The isolated rate of CONS was 53.7%.The drug test for meticillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) showed multiple drug-resistance.The detection rate of the ESBLs from the Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella pneumoniae was 18.9% and 12.5%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS MRCNS are the major pathogens in pediatrics unit.The detectable rate of MRCNS is high.Glycopeptide antibiotics are the first-choice drugs for MRCNS infection.