ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between mosquito density fluctuations and meteorological factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for mosquito surveillance analysis, risk assessment, and comprehensive prevention and control. MethodsMosquito surveillance and monitoring data of 2020‒2023 was obtained from on-site supervisory sampling by Songjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and meteorological data was obtained from the Wheat A wheat malt-agro-meteorological big data system. Excel 2019 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to organize and analyze the mosquito number, species composition, and seasonal changes in mosquito density captured by the CO₂-light trap at rach monitoring site. Circular distribution method was used to calculate the peak time of mosquito density, combined with the meteorological data of the same period to explore the impact of meteorological factors on the results of mosquito surveillance. ResultsThere was a statistical difference in the overall distribution of mosquito quantity in different habitats(H=23.11, P<0.05), 2020‒2023. In addition, the results showed that July 28th was the peak day for mosquito density, and the duration from June 13th to September 11th was the seasonal peak period for mosquitoes. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between mosquito density and average air temperature, average highest air temperature, average lowest air temperature, extreme maximum air temperature, extreme minimum air temperature, precipitation, and number of precipitation days (all P<0.01). While, there was no significant correlation between average wind speed and mosquito density (P>0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis resulted in the equation of Y=0.151X_{extreme minimum temperature}+0.321X_{number of precipitation days}+1.002X_{SQRT precipitation}-1.288 (F=102.635, P<0.05). ConclusionThe CO₂-light trap is advisable to monitor the habitats of farmers, livestock sheds, residential areas, parks, hospitals, and other external environments. Air temperature and precipitation have a significant impact on mosquito density. It is recommended to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures to reduce mosquito density and prevent mosquito-borne diseases before the peak period of mosquitoes.

Objective:To explore the safety and feasibility of optimized pathological evaluation system of donor's kidney and modified surgery during adult dual kidney transplantation(DKT)and evaluate its effectiveness to provide more alternative protocols for kidney transplantation from extended criteria donors.Methods:DKT was performed in 10 recipients using the same protocol from June 2019 to May 2021.And retrospective reviewing was performed for clinical data, including characteristics of donors and recipients, optimized pathological evaluation system, modified surgery, treatment regimens, complications and follow-ups.Results:There were 8 male and 2 female donors with an age of(57.9±12.8)years and BMI(24.1±4.1)kg/m 2.The percentage of DCD was 70% and DBD 30%.The serum creatinine before procurement was 107.6(93.3-163.5)μmol/l.Zero-point puncture biopsy was performed for both kidneys and optimized pathological evaluation system was implemented(Banff criteria & Remuzzi score). The pathological results indicated that glomerular sclerosis for left and right kidneys were 2.0(1.5-2.0)and 1.5(1.0-2.0). And Remuzzi score for left and right kidneys were(4.4±1.2)and(3.6±1.5)points respectively.All recipients were male with an age of(43.1±9.0)years and BMI(22.2±1.9)kg/m 2.All PRAs were negative pre-operation.Modified surgery was performed in all recipients(two kidneys were implanted outside iliac vessels without patch and artery of superior kidney was anastomosed to internal iliac artery). Operative duration was(195±54.3)min and serum creatinine before discharge 125.0(102.0-199.0)μmol/L.Renal dynamic scintigraphy indicated that glomerular filtration rate was(30.0±8.2)ml/min for left kidney and(29.2±13.9)ml/min for right kidney.MRA results indicated that morphologies of renal arteries and veins were regular.The time between operation and discharge was(22.4±4.7)days.Compared with SKT, serum creatinine before discharge of DKT was lower and DGF incidence of DKT was higher without statistical significance.The time between operation and discharge was longer for DKT than that for SKT( P<0.05). The complications consisted of 20% donor derived infection(DDI)and 50% DGF.And there was no surgical complication associated with vessels and ureter.Renal function remained stable during 6-month follow-ups. Conclusions:Optimized pathological evaluation system of donor's kidney and modified surgery during adult dual kidney transplantation are both safe and feasible.The postoperative function of transplanted dual kidney is successfully restored.However, long-term follow-ups are required for evaluating its effectiveness.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the effects of iron deficiency in early life on neurobehavioral manifestations in CDH2 genetic mutation rats, in order to explore interaction between iron deficiency and CDH2 gene mutation in autism-like behavior.Methods:The 16 female SD rats with established CDH2 genetic mutations were randomly divided into 8 rats as iron deficiency group and 8 rats as normal diet control group.After mating, rats were fed low-iron diets during pregnancy and lactation or standard diets as control.The offsprings were randomly divided into 27 rats as iron deficiency group and 27 rats as control group.The voice communication ability of offspring was studied through ultrasonic vocalizations.The data and videos of open-field test, three-chamber social interaction test were recorded by animal behavioral video analysis system(Smart3.0). The characteristics of behavior changes were analyzed by statistical methods.Results:Total number of calls in rats aged 10 day in iron deficiency group[(755.67±161.86)times]were significantly lower than that in the control group[(1461.89±166.57)times]( P<0.05). Total calling duration[(41.77±16.17)s]were significantly lower than that in the control group[(86.22±10.07)s]( P<0.05). There is a certain synergistic effect of CDH2 genetic mutation and iron deficiency on the reduction of total calls in rats aged 6 and 8 day( P<0.05). The total distance, distance in zone-periphery, mean speed in zone-total and mean speed in zone-periphery of rats in iron deficiency group were all higher than that in the control group( P<0.05); the numbers of standing and rearing were reduced( P<0.05). In the second stage of the three-chamber test, the rats in the iron deficiency group had shorter communication time with the new stranger 2 and longer interaction time with the old stranger 1 compared with the control, showing a weakening trend of social ability, but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:Autism-like behavioral changes occurred in rats with iron deficiency in early life and CDH2 genetic mutation, and there is a certain degree of synergy.Iron deficiency and CDH2 mutation may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a high incidence, and leads to irreversible lung dysfunction. Preventing COPD acute exacerbation (AECOPD) and delaying the progression of the disease are the focus of treatment. However, there is still a lack of precise and effective preventive measures. A significant feature of AECOPD is the high incidence in winter. The traditional concept is that cold air in winter can be accompanied by increased virus replication, environmental pollution, and reduced air humidity. Various confounding factors intertwine to promote the occurrence of AECOPD, and the impact of low temperature itself has been neglected. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, more and more studies have found that abnormal secretion of airway mucin can lead to obstruction of mucus clearance, increase the chance of infection, and participate in the development of COPD. Low temperature can affect mucin secretion through various mechanisms. This article summarizes the particularity of COPD airway temperature and the related ways of low temperature leading to mucin changes. It draws people's attention to low temperature in order to carry out basic research and provide new intervention methods for predicting and preventing the occurrence of AECOPD.

Objective To investigate the effects of low GI cereals on metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),in order to explore the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms and provide the basis for nutritional interventions.Metbods Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were assigned to the treatment group (n=31),using low GI grains 12 weeks for nutrition intervention and the control group (n =31) according to the random digital table method;30 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as normal control group.At 36th gestational week serum was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach.Pregnancy outcomes were gathered for statistics after delivery.Comparison among groups and related influencing factors analysis were conducted.Results After nutritional intervention for 12 weeks,there were statistically significant differences in 15 potential biomarkers associated with gestational diabetes between the treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the normal control group (P＞0.05),that was the pregnant women in the treatment group were close to normal pregnant women.Cesarean rate,gestational weight gain,glycosylated hemoglobin during delivery,fasting insulin and newborn birth weight were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the GI of diet,fasting insulin and blood glucose were influencing factors for metabolomics in women with GDM.Conclusions Using low GI cereals intervention treatments,the pregnancy outcomes of GDM are improved distinctly with the possible mechanisms as adjusting the related biomarkers.Our study provides evidences for further exploring etiology and the therapeutic mechanisms of GDM,and individualized medical nutrition treatment strategy.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of procalcitonin (PCT),high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),white blood cell (WBC)and percentage of neutrocyte (NEU％)in Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacterial blood stream infection in early stage of sepsis in order to investigate the correlation between PCT and APACHE lⅡ score as well as between PCT and SOFA score,and the prognostic value in assessment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial blood stream infection.Methods Clinical data of patients admitted to ICU from January 2012 through December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 124 sepsis patients with blood stream infection were checked with PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ tests,and APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were calculated.The differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were compared between Gram-negative group (n =41) and Gram-positive group (n =83).The correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score as well as between PCT and SOFA score was analyzed.The differences in diagnostic values of PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ between Gram-negative group and Grampositive group were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and it was plotted to assess the prognostic values of PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ for septic patients with blood stream infection.Results Compared with Gram-positive group,the levels of PCT [.55.32 (22.01,97.11) vs.2.13 (0.27,5.27)] (P ＜0.01),hs-CRP [105.09 (69.97,186.12) vs.70.54 (42.37,138.63)] (P=0.508),NEU％ [88.30 (75.79,93.52) vs.55.32 (22.01,97.11)] (P=0.302) were higher but WBC was lower [13.59 (10.74,17.58) vs.13.73 (11.32,20.90)] (P=0.058) in Gram-negative group.The ROC curve analysis of PCT showed the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.867 (95％ CI:0.789-0.946).When the optimal cutoff point of PCT was 17.48 ng/mL,the largest Youden's index was found to be 0.661 with 76.9％ sensitivity and 89.2％ specificity.Between two groups,there were significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score (27.46 ± 9.60 vs.23.67 ± 7.74,P =0.020;8.05 ±3.38 vs.6.59-±3.45,P =0.028).There was significant difference in diagnostic value between PCT and SOFA (r =0.536,P =0.036) in Gram-negative group but no significant difference in Gram-positive group.Conclusions Higher PCT levels are found in Gram-negative group and it can play a role in differntiation between the Gram-negative group and Gram-positive group rather than hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％.PCT can be a better indicator for evaluation of severity of sepsis as well as for prognosis of sepsis patients with Gram-negative bacterium infection.

Objectives To explore the effect of holder pasteurization, frozen storage time and thawing methods on macronutrients and energy content of donor human milk, and to provide theoretical basis for the rational use of breast milk. Methods Thirty-three samples of donor human milk were collected and an aliquot of each sample was analyzed before and after pasteurization. The remaining milk after pasteurization was split into 9 aliquot , and frozen at -20 ℃. After 30, 60, and 90 days, the milk was thawed by three different methods of room tempe-rature, 4 ℃ refrigeration, and 37 ℃ water bath, respectively. The nutrient components of each aliquot were analyzed and compared. Results We observed a mild reduction in fat and energy content after pasteurization (P <0.05). A significant decrease of fat, protein and energy content with the prolonged storage time was observed (P <0.01), and during the whole process (pasteurization + frozen storage), the decrease of fat, protein and energy content was 36.6%, 32.6%and 22.6%, respectively. The protein was influenced mostly by different thawing methods and the content of protein reached highest while thawed at 4 ℃ refrigeration. Conclusions Holder pasteurization and frozen storage at-20℃significantly reduce fat, protein and energy content of donor human milk. The donor milk should be used as quickly as possible when applied for preterm infants and thawing at 4 ℃ refrigeration is recommended before delivery to newborn infants.

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of post-discharge nutrition management on the growth speed of neonates after bowel surgery.

METHODSNutrition feeding guidance was carried out in 133 post-discharge infants after surgery through nutrition clinic. The growth speed was detected every month and compared with the normal standards, then the time to accelerate growth speed was evaluated.

RESULTSThe growth speed of neonates in the first postoperative month was lower than the normal standards, especially in males(weight P=0.000; length P=0.041; circumference P=0.010). While during two to three months, male infants showed acceleration in length growth speed [(4.53±1.22) cm vs. (3.1±0.4) cm, P=0.013], and female infants showed acceleration in weight [(1.51±0.76) kg vs. (0.83±0.39) kg, P=0.028] and circumference growth speed [(2.50±0.93) cm vs. (1.2±0.7) cm, P=0.021].

CONCLUSIONSScientific post-discharge nutrition management helps neonates grow faster after bowl surgery. The two to three months after operation is the key period of growth speed acceleration.