Objective To explore the application value of emergency temporal body surface positioning for single drain dual-target thalamic hematoma ventricular drainage in the treatment of thalamic hemorrhage breaking into ventricle with hydrocephalus.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 223 patients with thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricles with hydrocephalus,including a study group of 115 cases who underwent emergency single drain dual-target thalamic hematoma ventricular drainage surgery with temporal body surface positioning,and a control group of 108 cases who underwent emergency ventricular drainage first and then underwent stereotactic thalamic hematoma drainage surgery after the condition stabilized.Compare the differences in postoperative complications and treatment outcomes between two groups of patients,and evaluate the application value of temporal surface positioning for single drain dual-target thalamic hematoma ventricular drainage surgery in the treatment of thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricle with hydrocephalus.Results The postoperative rebleeding rates,hematoma clearance and death were 5.2％,87.5％±7.3％and 13.9％in the study group and 4.7％,90.2％±8.5％and 15.7％in control group,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The tube time,postoperative intracranial infection,Shunt dependent hydrocephalus,effective treatment and favorable prognosis of and the control group were(75.5±18.4)h,3.5％,19.1％,53.9％and 51.3％in the study group and(130.8±22.9)h,13.9％,35.1％,38.7％and 38.0％,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Body surface landmark-guided emergency single drain dual-target thalamic hematoma ventricular drainage surgery for the treatment of thalamic hemorrhage breaking into the ventricle with hydrocephalus is safe and reliable,and can improve the patient's prognosis.

Schistosomiasis was once hyper-endemic in Yunnan Province. Following concerted efforts for over 70 years, remarkable achievements have been made for schistosomiasis control in the province. In 2004, the Mid- and Long-term Plan for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in Yunnan Province was initiated in Yunnan Province, and the target for transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in the province in 2009. Following the subsequent implementation of the Outline for Key Projects in Integrated Schistosomiasis Control Program (2009—2015) and the 13th Five - year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in Yunnan Province, no acute schistosomiasis had been identified in Yunnan Province for successive 12 years, and no local Schistosoma japonicum infections had been detected in humans, animals or Oncomelania hupensis snails for successive 6 years in the province by the end of 2020. The transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted in Yunnan Province in 2020. This review summarizes the history of schistosomiasis, changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and progress of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province, and proposes the future priorities for schistosomiasis control in the province.

Objective To predict the potential geographic distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in Yunnan Province using random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models, so as to provide insights into O. hupensis surveillance and control in Yunnan Province. Methods The O. hupensis snail survey data in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2016 were collected and converted into O. hupensis snail distribution site data. Data of 22 environmental variables in Yunnan Province were collected, including twelve climate variables (annual potential evapotranspiration, annual mean ground surface temperature, annual precipitation, annual mean air pressure, annual mean relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, annual mean air temperature, annual mean wind speed, ≥ 0 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, aridity and index of moisture), eight geographical variables (normalized difference vegetation index, landform type, land use type, altitude, soil type, soil textureclay content, soil texture-sand content and soil texture-silt content) and two population and economic variables (gross domestic product and population). Variables were screened with Pearson correlation test and variance inflation factor (VIF) test. The RF and MaxEnt models and the ensemble model were created using the biomod2 package of the software R 4.2.1, and the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted in Yunnan Province. The predictive effects of models were evaluated through cross-validation and independent tests, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS) and Kappa statistics were used for model evaluation. In addition, the importance of environmental variables was analyzed, the contribution of environmental variables output by the models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were selected for normalization processing, and the importance percentage of environmental variables was obtained to analyze the importance of environmental variables. Results Data of 148 O. hupensis snail distribution sites and 15 environmental variables were included in training sets of RF and MaxEnt models, and both RF and MaxEnt models had high predictive performance, with both mean AUC values of > 0.900 and all mean TSS values and Kappa values of > 0.800, and significant differences in the AUC (t = 19.862, P < 0.05), TSS (t = 10.140, P < 0.05) and Kappa values (t = 10.237, P < 0.05) between two models. The AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the ensemble model were 0.996, 0.954 and 0.920, respectively. Independent data verification showed that the AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the RF model and the ensemble model were all 1, which still showed high performance in unknown data modeling, and the MaxEnt model showed poor performance, with TSS and Kappa values of 0 for 24%(24/100) of the modeling results. The modeling results of 79 RF models, 38 MaxEnt models and their ensemble models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were included in the evaluation of importance of environmental variables. The importance of annual sunshine duration (SSD) was 32.989%, 37.847% and 46.315% in the RF model, the MaxEnt model and their ensemble model, while the importance of annual mean relative humidity (RHU) was 30.947%, 15.921% and 28.121%, respectively. Important environment variables were concentrated in modeling results of the RF model, dispersed in modeling results of the MaxEnt model, and most concentrated in modeling results of the ensemble model. The potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted to be relatively concentrated in Yunnan Province by the RF model and relatively large by the MaxEnt model, and the distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by the ensemble model was mostly the joint distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by RF and MaxEnt models. Conclusions Both RF and MaxEnt models are effective to predict the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails in Yunnan Province, which facilitates targeted O. hupensis snail control.

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Objective To evaluate and compare the short-term effects of two kinds of plastic mulch on Oncomelania hupensis snail control in irrigation and drainage ditches with snails in Yunnan Province. Methods The irrigation and drainage ditches with high density of Oncomelania hupensis snails were chosen as the investigation sites,and then 4 groups were set,namely a colorless plastic mulch group,black plastic mulch group,colorless plastic mulch with molluscicide group and black plastic mulch with molluscicide group. The snail situation of the 4 groups was surveyed before the experiment and 7,14,21,30 days after covering plastic mulch,and the snail death rates were compared among the 4 groups. Meanwhile,the hourly temperatures of soil surface,soil surface under plastic mulch and soil layer 5,15 cm under the surface as well as the weather situation during the study period were measured and recorded. Results The average snail mortality rate of the colorless plastic mulch group was only 15.29% that was higher than that of the black plastic mulch group(6.56%)(P < 0.01). The average snail mortality rates of the colorless and black plastic mulch with molluscicide groups were 40.80% and 50.15%,respectively,and there was no statis-tic difference between them(P > 0.05). Both kinds of plastic mulches could raise the temperature of the soil surface under plas-tic mulch and the soil layer below it,and the temperature of soil under the mulches increased over the cover time,and the aver-age temperature of the soil surface under the black mulch in 30 days was higher than that under the colorless mulch. Conclu-sion It is not suitable to use plastic mulch only in irrigation and drainage ditches with snails widely in Yunnan Province be-cause of its low effect,and if necessary,the molluscicide should be added.

Objective To carry out the surveillance with sentinel mice in the key water areas of schistosomiasis endemic re-gions in Yunnan Province,so as to establish and perfect the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis. Methods Six villages of three counties with schistosomiasis heavy endemic status were selected as the survey points. Then ,the surveillance and forecast with the sentinel mice were carried out in the key water areas in the survey points. The recovered sentinel mice were dissected in laboratory,and their serum antibodies against schistosome were detected. Meanwhile,the suspicious infested water contacts of the residents and livestock in the surveillance sites were investigated,and the endemic data of schistosomiasis in the survey points in recent 3 years were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 282 sentinel mice were placed in the water area, 252 were recovered,with a recovery rate of 90.78%,and 8 mice were dead,with a mortality rate of 3.13%. The number of mice with schistosome egg granuloma and adult worm detected were both 0,and the worm burden and the positive rate of serum anti-bodies against schistosome were both 0,too. The persons who contacted with the suspicious infested water were mainly villagers and students by harvesting and playing. The Oncomelania hupensis snail areas,the infection rates of residents and livestock were obviously declined in recent 3 years. Conclusions There are no positive sentinel mice found in the key water areas of the surveillance sites in Yunnan Province,which suggests that the schistosome infection risk of residents and livestock is low. How-ever,the comprehensive control measures,surveillance and forecast with sentinel mice in the key water areas of schistosomiasis endemic regions still should be strengthened.

Objective To understand the Oncomelania hupensis distribution and infection status in the schistosomiasis sur?veillance sites of Yunnan Province,so as to provide the evidence for making the control and prevention measures. Methods Eighteen administrative villages were selected as the surveillance sites where the schistosomiasis endemic was serious in 18 epi?demic counties,one village for one county. The snail status was investigated with the systematic sampling and environmental sampling methods,and the infection status of the snails was detected by a microscope and loop?mediated isothermal amplifica?tion(LAMP). The surveillance database was established and descriptively analyzed. Results In 2015,the total surveillance ar?ea was 1 826.55 hm2,and the area with snails was 55.03 hm2,that was reduced by 57.70% as compared to that in 2013,and by 40.63% as compared to that in 2014. No new snail area was discovered,and also no schistosome infected snails were discovered. Totally 718 532 frames were surveyed,and the occurrence rate of frames with snails was 0.45% and the density of living snails was 0.013 9 snail/0.1 m2. In the endemic controlled areas,the snail area and density of living snails were both the highest. The snails concentrated on the environments of paddy field,ditch,bottomland,small reservoir,and dry land,and the vegetations of rice,dry crop,weed and wood. The snail area,occurrence rate of frames with snails,total number of snails and number of liv?ing snails all showed a downward trend. No infected snails were found for three years. Conclusions The Oncomelania hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Yunnan Province. However,the com?prehensive snail control measures still should be continually strengthened in order to consolidate the achivements.

Objective To investigate the consistency in 18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) examination and histopathological analyses in the diagnoses of resectable lung tumors. Methods Retrospective reviews over the clinical data of lung tumor patients by preoperative PET-CT diagnosis and postoperative histopathological diagnosis were conducted to investigate the effects of the two diagnostic methods in terms of lung tumor properties , mediastinal lymph node metastasis , and pulmonary hilar lymph node metastasis. Results The diagnoses by preoperative PET-CT was consistent in differentiation of non-malignancy and malignancy of pathologic lung tumors by 87.3%, at a medium level (κ = 0.401, P < 0.001). McNemar test showed P = 0.508, indicating the two diagnostic methods were insignificantly different in the diagnosis of pulmonary tumors. The preoperative PET-CT was consistent in the diagnosis of the metastasis of pathologic mediastinal lymph node by 85.9%, at a medium level (κ = 0.697, P < 0.001). McNemar test showed P =0.754, indicating no significant difference between the diagnostic methods. The preoperative PET-CT was consistent with postoperative pathological examinations in the differentiations of the metastasis of pulmonary and hilar lymph node by 77.4%, at a medium level (κ=0.523, P < 0.001). McNemar test showed P = 0.454, indicating the two diagnostic methods were no significantly different. Conclusion Preoperative PET-CT and histopathologic examinations may be consistent in lung tumor diagnosis , which provides a basis for a certain significance in the surgical options.

Objectives To understand the status of wild feces distribution and pollution in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods According to the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails and characteristics of human and ani-mal activities in recent five years 6 schistosomiasis endemic villages in Weishan Nanjian and Midu counties 2 villages each county were selected as the investigated areas and more than 4 hm2 area with snails around each village were investigated for the types and densities of wild feces. The schistosome infested feces was detected with the hatching method. Results Totally 63 hm2 were investigated and 420 wild feces were found in all kinds of environments. The densities of wild feces were 0.066 7 piles/100 m2 and the densities of wild feces of the road and the hillside were the highest 0.098 7 piles/100 m2 and 0.088 0 piles/100 m2 respectively . Totally 260 fresh wild feces were collected including the feces of human being cattle horse dog sheep and pig and the feces of cattle and dog was the most 37.38%and 30.71% respectively . No schistosome positive feces was found. Conclusions There are a lot of wild feces in snail areas in Yunnan Province and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission is still high. Therefore we should strengthen the banning grazing measures and the investigation of dogs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province since achieving the transmission control standards,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the next prevention and control strategy. Methods The schistoso-miasis epidemic monitoring reports,annual reports,relevant information about Oncomelania hupensis snails,and schistosomiasis patient conditions were collected and analyzed for epidemic condition and characteristics of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province from 2009 to 2012. Results The various epidemic monitoring indicators all decreased. In 2012,compared with 2009,the preva-lence reduced by 33.33%after correction;the number of villages with schistosomiasis patients reduced by 55.56%;the adjusted positive rate of livestock stool tests reduced by 45.45%;the number of villages with infected cow reduced by 42.25%;the actual area with snails reduced by 13.58%;the density of living snails reduced by 25.66%,and no schistosome infected snails were found in 2012. Conclusion There still exist schistosome infections in human and animals in some local areas of Yunnan Prov-ince,and it is difficult to achieve the standard of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted in a short period.