Purpose/Significance The relative positions of causality words are utilized to assist deep learning models to improve cau-sality prediction and mine medical text gain information.Method/Process The relative position information of causality words in medical texts is represented as a relational feature layer embedded in a pre-trained language model,and the baseline model is integrated for enti-ty recognition and relationship extraction.Result/Conclusion The F1 value of the model embedded in the relational feature layer is im-proved by 2.92 percentage points and 6.41 percentage points compared with the baseline models BERT-BiLSTM-CRF and CasRel,re-spectively,with better causal prediction capacity.

Background With the change of the national energy development layout, Qingyang has seen a situation where oil exploitation and agriculture go hand in hand, which may lead to local soil pollution if not taken seriously. Objective To evaluate the distribution characteristics, possible sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals in farmland soils around the main production areas of Changqing Oilfield. Methods A total of 60 farmland soil samples were collected from Zhengning County, Zhenyuan County, and Qingcheng County of Qingyang City, and the contents of heavy metals such lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in farmland soil were detected according to GB 15618-2018 Soil environmental quality—Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (on trial). The soil background value of Gansu Province was used as the denominator in the calculation of pollution index, and the pollution characteristics and ecological characteristics of selected five heavy metals in farmland soil were evaluated by single-factor pollution index (P_i), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (P_N), and potential ecological risk index. Results The levels of Pb, As, and Hg in farmland soils around Changqing Oilfield, the levels of Cr and Cd in Qingcheng County, and the level of Cd in Zhengning County were higher than the corresponding soil background values of Gansu Province, but lower than the national soil environmental quality standard. The single-factor pollution indexes (P_i) were: Hg, 2.14; Pb, 1.24; As, 1.13; Cr, 0.78; Cd, 0.67, which indicated that Hg were graded as moderate pollution, Pb and As were slight pollution, and Cd and Cr were not polluted. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes (P_N) were: Cr, 0.92; Cd, 1.08; As, 1.20; Pb, 1.68; Hg, 3.85, which indicated that Cr was graded as no pollution, Cd, Pb and As were mild pollution, and Hg was severe pollution. The variation coefficients of Hg and Cd in Zhenyuan County and that of Hg in Qingcheng County were 60.00%, 50.00%, and 50.00%, respectively, which were all greater than 50%, indicating that the pollution of above heavy metals in the location was subject to human activities. The potential ecological risk indexes (E_r) of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg were 6.20, 1.55, 20.05, 11.28, and 81.64, respectively, indicating that Hg was graded as strong ecological risk, and the other four heavy metals were mild ecological risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index (R_RI) was 124.48. Combined with the potential ecological risk index of Hg, the comprehensive potential ecological risk of the five heavy metals in local farmland soils was considered to be at a strong ecological risk level. Conclusion Although the average values of selected five heavy metals in farmland soils surrounding the main production areas of Changqing Oilfield are qualified with the national soil environmental quality standards, they exceed corresponding soil background values of Gansu Province, and there are signs of human influence and potential ecological risks of different degrees.

Focusing on the requirements of visual traceability for reprocessing of reused medical devices under the background of deep integration of intelligent medical treatment, a quality and safety traceability system for disinfection of reused medical devices is developed. The multi-dimensional data of the reprocessing chain of reusable medical devices are acquired in real time by the RFID mobile terminal handset and stored temporarily. The data package is formatted based on LoRa protocol and uploaded to the management and control platform in multi-threaded transmission mode for in-depth analysis and traceability. The corresponding prototype system is developed. The first-line operation and maintenance test results show that the prototype system has strong cooperation, strong operation robustness, and obvious advantages in the identification rate and other layers of sterile equipment package.
Disinfection ; Radio Frequency Identification Device ; Technology

Objective:To get comprehensive understanding of the registration characteristics of global clinical trials of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) based on the ClinicalTrials. gov and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR).Methods:The clinical trials of COVID-19 in the ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR were retrieved. The search start time was unlimited, with deadlines of 14 December, 2020 and 19 March, 2021, respectively. The registration numbers, registration submitted time, country/region distribution, recruitment status, study types, number of recruits, research phases, and other aspects were analyzed by using bibliometric methods.Results:As of March 19, 2021, there were 775 clinical trials in ChiCTR. As of December 14, 2020, there were 4 137 clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials.gov, and 3 157(76.31%) of the clinical trials recruited subjects who were aged≥18 years old. There were 2 347 intervention trials and 1 759 observational trials. The intervention measures mainly included drugs, biologics and medical devices. The numbers of recruits were 110(48, 308) cases for interventional studies, and 300(100, 1 000) cases for observational trials. The interventional research phases were mainly phaseⅡ (570 items) and phase Ⅲ (358 items). Totally, 50.33%(2 082/4 137) of the clinical trials were under recruitment, 13.10%(542/4 137) had been completed. Among the interventional studies, 729(31.06%) were multi-center studies, with the center numbers of 5(2, 15).Conclusions:At present, there are a large number of clinical trials with various intervention measures in the world. However, the number of recruits is unreasonable, and multi-center study with multi-agency cooperation is insufficient.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of holographic image navigation in urological laparoscopic and robotic surgery.Methods The data of patients were reviewed retrospectively for whom accepted holographic image navigation laparoscopic and robotic surgery from Jan.2019 to Dec.2019 in Beijing United Family Hospital and other 18 medical centers,including 78 cases of renal tumor,2 cases of bladder cancer,2 cases of adrenal gland tumor,1 cases of renal cyst,1 case of prostate cancer,1 case of sweat gland carcinoma with lymph node metastasis,1 case of pelvic metastasis after radical cystectomy.All the patients underwent operations.In the laparoscopic surgery group,there were 27 cases of partial nephrectomy,1 case of radical prostatectomy,2 cases of radical cystectomy and 2 cases of adrenalectomy.In the da Vinci robotic surgery group of 54 cases,there were 51 cases of partial nephrectomy,1 case of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection,1 case of retroperitoneal bilateral renal cyst deroofing and 1 case of resection of pelvic metastasis.There were 41 partial nephrectomy patients with available clinical data for statistic,with a median age of 53.5 years (range 24-76),including 26 males and 15 females.The median R.E.N.A.L score was 7.8 (range 4-11).Before the operation,the engineers established the holographic image based on the contrast CT images and reports.The surgeon applied the holographic image for preoperative planning.During the operation,the navigation was achieved by real time fusing holographic images with the laparoscopic surgery images in the screen.Results All the procedures had been complete uneventfully.The holographic images helped surgeon in understanding the visual three-dimension structure and relation of vessels supplying tumor or resection tissue,lymph nodes and nerves.By manipulating the holographic images extracorporeally,the fused image guide surgeons about location vessel,lymph node and other important structure and then facilitate the delicate dissection.For the 41 cases with available clinical data including 23 cases of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy and 18 cases of laparoscopic nephrectomy,the median operation time was 140 (range 50-225) min,the median warm ischemia time was 23 (range 14-60) min,the median blood loss was 80(range 5-1 200) ml.In the robotic surgery group,the median operation time was 140 (range 50-215)min,the median warm i schemia time was 21 (range 17-40)min,the median blood loss was 150(range 30-1 200)ml.In the laparoscopic surgery group,the median operation time was 160(range 80-225)min,the median warm ischemia time was 25 (range 14-60)min,the median blood loss was 50 (range 5-1 200) ml.All the patients had no adjacent organ injury during operation.There were 2 cases with Clavien Ⅱ complications.One required transfusion and the other one suffered hematoma post-operation.However,the tumors were located in the renal hilus for these 2 cases and the R.E.N.A.L scores were both 11.Conclusions Holographic image navigation can help location and recognize important anatomic structures during the surgical procedures..This technique will reduce the tissue injury,decrease the complications and improve the success rate of surgery.

Objective To explore the application value of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis, and to provide reference for clinical treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Methods Data of 252 cases of patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis treated by conservative treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups on the basis of systemic application of antituberculosis chemotherapy. A total of 154 patients were given simple local chemotherapy of percutaneous placement of focus catheter (group A), 48 patients were received percutaneous perfusion drainage and local chemotherapy (group B), 32 patients underwent percutaneous puncture catheter debridement combined with local chemotherapy (group C), and 18 patients were given percutaneous debridement and internal fixation combined with local chemotherapy catheter (group D). Data of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and the modified MacNab criteria were recorded before operation and at the end of the follow-up in four groups of patients. Results Of the 252 patients, 228 were followed up and 214 patients achieved clinical cure. The lost access were15 cases in group A, 5 cases in group B, 2 cases in group C and 2 cases in group D. The total rate of lost visit was 9.52%. The follow up duration ranged from 25-126 months. The mean duration of follow-up was 68(60, 76) months. A total 214 cases reached the standard of clinical cure. No complications (retrograde infection and cross infection) were found in all patients during treatment. ESR was statistically decreased to (7.26 ± 3.43) mm/1 h at the last follow-up (t=35.06, P=0.023) compared with that (44.96 ± 12.42) mm/1 h before operation. The VAS and ODI were 1.5(1, 3) and 30(25, 35)% at the last follow-up, which were significantly improved than those [7.5(7.0, 8.0) and 60(55, 65)%] before operation (Z=13.641 and 6.806, P<0.05). According to the improved MacNab criteria, the overall excellent and good rates for patients were 86.4%(197/228) at the last follow-up. Conclusion According to the stepped care and personalized treatment, patients of lumbar tuberculosis are preoperative comprehensive evaluated, and most patients can achieve long-term stability and a better clinical efficacy after interventional and minimally invasive treatment.

BACKGROUND:Biomechanical compatibility is the necessary condition to ensure the stable osseointegration with implants that then can function over a long period; therefore, it is especialy important to get knowledge about distribution of stress and strain between the maxilary central incisor and its surrounding bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: Based on five different anatomical types of natural teeth, to study the regularity of stress distribution between the maxilary central incisor root and implant.METHODS: According to the five different anatomical types of natural maxilary central incisors, UGNX and ANSYS were used to set up three-dimensional finite element models (B1, B2, M1, M2, P1) for the implant and surrounding structures, which were under 100 N static load at angles of 0o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o with the long axis of teeth. Then, the stress distribution between the five kinds of maxilary central incisor roots and implants was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the five different anatomical types, the equivalent stress for both the natural central incisor and implant were increased with the increasing of angles, and the implant had a higher raising trend. The equivalent stress for the natural tooth concentrated upon B1 for the maximum value and M1 for the minimum value; while the equivalent stress for the implant focused on the maximum value at M1 and the minimum value at M2. There was a gap of 2%-31% between the equivalent stresses for the natural tooth roots and a gap of 4%-21% for the implants. The stress distribution range for the implant was just smaler than that for the natural tooth roots. It implies that the bit force of implant and natural tooth is in positive proportion to the bite angles, and the bite force that implant can burden is smaler than that the central incisor can.

Objective To investigate the expression of scaffold protein palladin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and to discuss its clinicopathological significance.Methods 56 samples of PDAC and corresponding adjacent normal pancreas (NP) tissues were collected.Another 10 samples of chronic pancreatitis (CP) tissues were collected.Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry assay were performed to detect the expression of protein palladin.The correlation of palladin expression with clinicopathological factors of PDAC was analyzed.Results Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of palladin in PDAC,CP and NP tissues were respectively 0.93±0.07,0.41±0.07 and 0.20±0.06,and the expression of palladin was significantly increased in PDAC tissues compared with NP and CP tissues (P ＜ 0.05),and its expression was significantly increased in CP tissues compared with NP tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemical staining showed that palladin was mainly expressed in activated myofibroblasts in PDAC tissues.The rate of palladin expression was 79 ％ (44/56),which was higher than that in NP tissues (2/10) and CP tissues (4/10),and its expression was found to be correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and clinical TNM classification (P ＜ 0.05),and it had no correlation with patient' s sex,age,tumor location and distant metastasis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Scaffold protein palladin is highly expressed in PDAC tissues,and it is expressed in the activated myofibroblasts within tumor microenvironment.Scaffold protein palladin may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and the development of chronic urticaria.Methods Published case-control studies which concerned HP infection related chronic urticaria were searched in Wanfang,CNKI,CQVIP Chinese databanks and PubMed.Meta-analysis was applied to analyze the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results 37 studies which comprised 2 909 cases of chronic urticaria and 1 873 persons served as controls were enrolled.When compared with the controls,HP infection significantly increased the risk of chronic urticaria development with a pooled OR of 3.20 (95％CI:2.31-4.43).Results from Meta-regression analyses showed that the distribution of residential areas and detection method being used were potential influential factors.Conclusion HP infection seemed to be associated with an increased risk of developing the chronic urticaria.

Effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the expression level of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA in C2 Giardia lam-blia was investigated in this study to explore the damage to skeleton protein of C 2 Giardia lamblia .Giardia lamblia was culti-vated respectively for 2 ,4 ,8 ,and 12 hours with modified TYI-S-33 medium containing 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL DHA , while the control group performed in the same experimental conditions without DHA .The expressive quantity of Alpha-7 .3 gi-ardin mRNA was determined by using real-time reverse transcription PCR ,and then we found that the expressive quantities of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA with DHA were significantly lower than those in the control group .It’s suggested that dihydroarte-misinin has obvious inhibitory effect on the expression level of Alpha-7 .3 giardin mRNA in C2 Giardia lamblia .The actions of dihydroartemisinin on skeleton protein of C2 Giardia lamblia are effective .