Objective: To examine the associations of sleep with overweight/obesity and central obesity in adults, so as to provide insights into improving sleep quality and preventing obesity in adults. Methods: Demographics, height, body weight, waist circumstance and sleep status were collected from the Hubei Provincial Surveillance Program for Adult Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors in 2020. Subjects' sleep condiction, overweight/obesity and central obesity were descriptively analyzed. The associations of sleep with overweight/obesity and central obesity were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 17 789 participants were recruited, with an average age of (56.21±13.05) years, 61.50% women, and mean duration of (7.18±1.56) h/d. There were 7 019 participants with snoring/asphyxia/suffocation (39.46%), 6 108 participants with sleep difficulty (34.34%), 8 064 participants with night waking at least twice (45.33%), 268 participants taking hypnotics (1.51%), and 6 267 participants with early morning awakening and difficulty in sleep again (35.23%), and there were 8 960 participants with overweight/obesity (50.37%) and 6 148 participants with central obesity (34.56%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sleep duration of <7 h/d (OR=1.081, 95%CI: 1.007-1.159), snoring/asphyxia/suffocation (OR=2.367, 95%CI: 2.222-2.521), and night waking at least twice (OR=1.106, 95%CI: 1.028-1.191) significantly correlated with overweight/obesity, and sleep duration of >8 h/d (OR=0.834, 95%CI: 0.761-0.913), snoring/asphyxia/suffocation (OR=2.153, 95%CI: 2.019-2.297), and night waking at least twice (OR=1.193, 95%CI: 1.105-1.288) were statistically associated with central obesity. Conclusion Sleep duration, snoring/asphyxia/suffocation and night waking are associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity.

Objective To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood disaster in Hubei Province in 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for schistosomiasis prevention and control in corresponding areas. Methods The data pertaining to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis were collected from Hubei, including oncomelania snail distribution, and humans and livestock schistosomiasis infection. The warning water level and actual water situation were collected in corresponding water areas. The cumulative numbers of S. japonicum egg-positive people and cattle from 2014 to 2020, the distribution area of oncomelania snail in 2020, and the water levels from May 1 to August 31, 2021, were estimated and employed as parameters for classification of schistosomiasis transmission risk. The cumulative value of each risk index was calculated in each epidemic county (city and district) to comprehensively assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission after flood disaster in each region. Results After the flood disaster in Hubei province in 2021, there were 2 counties (districts) at high risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Hubei based on the single risk index of fecal positive number. Based on comprehensive risk indices, there were 2 counties identified at grade 4 risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Conclusion After the flood in 2021, schistosomiasis in Hubei Province is mainly at low and medium epidemic risk. Xiantao City and Hanchuan City in Hanjiang River Basin are the two most seriously affected schistosomiasis epidemic cities. Flood disasters can increase the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and epidemic, so the monitoring and control of schistosomiasis after flood should be strengthened to control the disease transmission to the maximum extent.

Psoriasis vulgaris is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease. A variety of factors, such as trauma and infection, can destroy the skin barrier function, thereby breaking the balance of immune homeostasis and tolerance, causing abnormalities in function and/or number of various immune-related cells in local skin, resulting in psoriasis-like skin changes such as abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and excessive inflammatory reactions in skin lesions. Various immune cells in skin lesions can sense changes in the surrounding environment (autocrine or paracrine) through surface molecules, and then express and secrete a variety of inflammation-related factors; if maintenance mechanisms for immune homeostasis and tolerance become invalid, the positive feedback network of inflammation mediated by inflammation-related factors will be formed locally, leading to the occurrence of psoriasis vulgaris. This review summarizes research progress in the role of immune-related cells in skin lesions in the immunopathological mechanism of psoriasis vulgaris, especially innate immune cells such as γδT cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression after transcription and participate in various pathophysiological processes in the skin. In recent years, it has been reported that changes in miRNA expression profiles are related to some inflammatory skin diseases. For example, miR-203, miR-146a and miR-21 are upregulated in psoriatic lesions, miR-155 and miR-146a are upregulated in atopic dermatitis lesions, miR-21, miR-223, miR-142-3p and miR142-5p are upregulated in allergic contact dermatitis lesions; however, miR-146a and miR-155 are downregulated in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and miR-223 is downregulated in dermatomyositis lesions. This review summarizes relationships of miRNAs with the occurrence and development of some inflammatory skin diseases.

In recent years, the category of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been updated in domestic and foreign guidelines, and elderly AD has been added as a subtype. The pathogenesis of elderly AD is related to heredity, skin barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation and lifestyle. Most elderly AD patients have atypical clinical symptoms, and misdiagnosis is very common. To fully understand the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of elderly AD, and to formulate individualized diagnosis and treatment plans based on clinical characteristics, are particularly important for improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the burden of the disease.

As the life expectancy of the population increases and traditional indexes are flawed in reflecting the health level, the concept of the healthy life expectancy has emerged, which integrates the length of the life and quality, more comprehensively reflects the health level of the population. This article has summarized the emergence and development of health life expectancy, classification of indexes, and commonly used measurement methods, as well as domestic and international application examples, and domestic research status. It proposes to establish a unified national measurement method, and make full use of big data resources in health care to comprehensively assess the health life expectancy of the population.

Objective To study the trends of lung cancer mortality among adult residents in Macheng City, Hubei Province from 1984 to 2018． Methods Mortality data was extracted from Macheng City disease surveillance points (DSPs) system and China Demographic Yearbook. The age-period-cohort (APC) model and Intrinsic Estimator algorithm were used to estimate the age effect, period effect and cohort effect of lung cancer mortality. Results The age effect coefficient of lung cancer mortality increased with age from 20 to 74 years old. The mortality risk of the 70-74 group was 42.62 times that of the 20-24 group. The period effect coefficient of lung cancer mortality also continued to rise with time. The cohort effect coefficient was parabolic, and residents born in 1939-1943 had the highest coefficient (1.298 4). Conclusion The risk of lung cancer death of adult residents in Macheng City significantly increased with the year and the rapid development of socio-economics.

Objective: To identify differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of the lesional versus nonlesional skin tissues of patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis (AD) , and to elucidate their roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: From July to October in 2016, lesional and nonlesional skin tissues were obtained from 5 outpatients of Han nationality with AD in Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University. The next-generation high-throughput transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, which were subjected to GO function annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify differences in candidate gene expression between lesional and nonlesional skin tissues. Results: An average of 10.96 GBs sequence reads were acquired among 10 samples. A total of 21 729 genes were detected, including 19 268 known genes and 2 545 predicted novel genes. A total of 23 153 new transcripts were detected, of which 18 889 were new alternative splicing subtypes of known protein-coding genes, 2 545 were transcripts belonging to new protein-coding genes, and the remaining 1 719 belonged to long-stranded non-coding RNA. Totally, 78 differentially expressed genes were identified between the lesional and nonlesional skin tissues, including 69 upregulated and 11 downregulated genes in the lesional skin tissues. Among them, there were several genes known to be associated with AD inflammation (CXCL1/2/8, IL6/IL1β, MMP1, SERPINB4, S100A2, GZMB, OASL, OSM) and barrier (KRT16, FABP5, CYP1A1) and keratinocyte differentiation (IL-20) . GO analysis revealed that functions of 72 differentially expressed genes could be annotated. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were grouped into 132 signaling pathways, of which 13 were significantly enriched, including the interleukin (IL) -17 pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of candidate genes CXCL1, KRT6A, IL36A, SERPINB4 and PSAPL1 was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Conclusions Differentially expressed genes and related important regulatory signaling pathways were identified between the lesional and nonlesional skin tissues of patients with AD at the transcriptional level, and the IL-17 pathway was found to be mostly enriched in AD lesions in patients of Han nationality. These findings provide an important basis for further study on the pathogenesis of AD..

Objective To determine the expression of miRNA-148a-3p in CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and to explore its role in occurrence of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods Totally,20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 20 healthy controls were enrolled from Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology between July 2017 and April 2018.Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from these subjects,and CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from these peripheral blood samples by magnetic cell sorting system.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of miRNA-148a-3p in CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.Potential target genes of miRNA-148a were predicted by using bioinformatics software,and verified by using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein expression of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim,the potential target gene of miRNA-148a-3p) in the CD4+ T lymphocytes of the subjects.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20 software by two sample-t test for comparing the means of normally distributed data,and by Pearson correlation analysis for analyzing the correlation of two variables.If the data were not normally distributed,Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing means between two groups,and Spearman correlation analysis for analyzing the correlation of two variables.Results The miRNA-148a-3p expression in the CD4+ T lymphocytesin the psoriasis vulgaris group (18 cases,5.61 ± 1.66) was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (12 cases,1.00 ± 0.26;U =12,P ＜ 0.05),and was positively correlated with the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score (r =0.93,P ＜ 0.001).Bim was predicted to be one of the potential target genes of miRNA-148a-3p by bioinformatics software,which was also verified by using a dual-luciferase reporter system.The protein expression of Bim in the CD4 + T lymphocytes was significantly lower in the psoriasis vulgaris group (11 cases,0.69 ± 0.07) than in the healthy control group (8 cases,0.93 ± 0.06;t =4.38,P ＜ 0.01),and the protein expression of Bim in the patients with psoriasis vulgaris was negatively correlated with PASI score (r =-0.774,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion miRNA-148a-3p is overexpressed in CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis vulgaris,which may regulate the protein expression of Bim,leading to abnormal activation of CD4+ T cells,and then participate in the occurrence and development of psoriasis.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of genotyping and gene polymorphism of Neisseria gonorrhoeae(N.go) with azithromycin(AZM)-resistance(AZM-R) and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone(CROD).Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of AZM and CRO were determined.AZM-R isolates were detected for mutations in 23S rRNA,mtrR and penA genes.Genotypes were analyzed by using N.go multi-antigen sequence typing(NG-MAST).Results All total of 485 isolates of N.go were detected.77(15.9%) strains were AZM-R(MIC≥1 mg/L),including 33(6.8%) isolates of AZM low-level resistant(AZM-LLR,MIC=1 mg/L) strains and 44(9.1%) isolates of AZM middle-level resistant(AZM-MLR,MIC≥2 mg/L) strains.There were more CROD(MIC≥0.125 mg/L) strains in AZM-MLR isolates(43.2%),compared with those in AZM-LLR isolates(18.2%,P<0.05).The detected rates of 23S rRNA,mtrR,penA single or combined mutations were without significant differences between AZM-LLR isolates and AZM-MLR isolates(P>0.05).Similar results were found between combined AZM-LLR/CROD isolates and combined AZM-MLR/CROD isolates(P>0.05).No mutation of A2059G and AZM high-level resistant(AZM-HLR,MIC≥256 mg/L) isolate were found.Among 77 AZM-R isolates,67 sequence types(ST) were identified by NG-MAST,of which 30 types were novel.Most ST were represented by a single isolate.Conclusion AZM-R and CROD isolates,presented in this area,might be deserved continuous surveillance to identify the mechanism of concurrent resistance.