Esophageal carcinoma is a malignant disease with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell death and has become a focal point in current cancer therapeutics research. Various active components from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can target the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to inhibit esophageal carcinoma， presenting as potential therapeutic agents for this disease. This paper summarizes relevant research on the inhibition of esophageal carcinoma by active components in TCM via targeting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. It has been found that flavonoids （casticin， icariin， luteolin， kaempferol， hesperetin， deguelin， etc.）， terpenoids （oridonin， Jaridonin， artesunate， ethyl acetate fraction of pleurotus ferulatus triterpenoid， etc.）， alkaloids （matrine， swainsonine， etc.）， polyphenols （curcumin， epigallocatechin-3-gallate， corilagin， etc.）， steroids （α-hederin， polyphyllin Ⅵ， etc.）， phenols （optimized scorpion venom peptide CT-K3K7， gecko active polypeptide， etc.）， volatile oils （cinnamaldehyde， α -asarone， etc.） and other active components from TCM can target the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway， induce apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells， and inhibit their proliferation， invasion and migration by regulating oxidative stress， blocking the cell cycle， regulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK.

Objective To establish a Nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of stigma in elderly patients with colostomy after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Methods A total of 123 elderly patients with colostomy after CRC surgery in the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected as research objects, and they were divided into stigma group (n=62) and non-stigma group (n=61) according to the occurrence of stigma. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors, and a Nomogram was drawn and evaluated for its discrimination and consistency. Results Score of the Social Impact Scale (SIS) in 123 elderly patients with colostomy after CRC surgery ranged from 34 to 90, with an average score of (60.14±12.08) and a median score of 48. Female (95%CI, 2.467 to 20.978, P < 0.001), presence of stoma complications (95%CI, 1.766 to 10.093, P=0.001), moderate to low level of perceived social support (95%CI, 1.654 to 12.710, P=0.003), and moderate to low level of psychosocial adaptation (95%CI, 1.568 to 10.869, P=0.004) were identified as independent risk factors for stigma in elderly patients with colostomy after CRC surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.816 (95% CI, 0.744 to 0.889); the calibration curve had a slope close to 1, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed better results (χ²=7.722, P=0.461). Conclusion Female, presence of stoma complications, moderate to low level of perceived social support, and moderate to low level of psychosocial adaptation are independent risk factors for stigma in elderly patients with colostomy after CRC surgery. Nomogram model established based on these factors can help identify high-risk populations for stigma, so as to obtain individualized precise intervention and reduce the incidence of stigma.

Traditional microtubule inhibitors fail to significantly enhance the effect of colorectal cancer;hence,new and efficient strategies are necessary.In this study,a supramolecular nanoreactor(DOC@TA-Fe3+)based on tannic acid(TA),iron ion(Fe3+),and docetaxel(DOC)with microtubule inhibition,reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inhibition,is prepared for ferroptosis/apoptosis treatment.After internalization by CT26 cells,the DOC@TA-Fe3+nanoreactor escapes from the lysosomes to release payloads.The subsequent Fe3+/Fe2+conversion mediated by TA reducibility can trigger the Fenton reaction to enhance the ROS concentration.Additionally,Fe3+can consume gluta-thione to repress the activity of GPX4 to induce ferroptosis.Meanwhile,the released DOC controls microtubule dynamics to activate the apoptosis pathway.The superior in vivo antitumor efficacy of DOC@TA-Fe3+nanoreactor in terms of tumor growth inhibition and improved survival is verified in CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model.Therefore,the nanoreactor can act as an effective apoptosis and ferroptosis inducer for application in colorectal cancer therapy.

Objective:To analyze the detection rate and related factors of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity in 2021 and 2022.Methods:Based on the results of the Seventh National Population Census in 2021,the residents of 32 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions were sampled by gender and age.The gender and age of the samples were in line with the characteristics of China's population.A face-to-face interview survey was conducted in community residents in each province in 2021(n=11 005)and 2022(n=30 421)with the Gen-eralized Anxiety Questionnaire-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:The detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were 10.67％in 2021 and 11.72％in 2022.The prevalence of depressive and anxi-ety comorbidity were higher in male,younger(age≤17 years),divorced,lower BMI(BMI＜18.5 kg/m2),higher education(graduate),students,and residents with chronic medical history(Ps＜0.001).In 2022,32.06％of people with depressive symptoms had anxious symptoms and 47.62％of people with anxious symptoms had depressive symptoms.Conclusion:In 2021 and 2022,the detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were both about 10％,and half of patients with anxious symptoms were accompanied by depressive symptoms,So atten-tion should be paid to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms.

ObjectiveTo explore and establish the liver injury risk prediction model of indirect toxicity of Chinese medicinals under the condition of compound formulas， and provide new ideas and methods for the study of evaluation of liver injury of Chinese medicinals based on indirect toxicity. MethodsTaking Buguzhi （Fructus Psoraleae） pre-parations as model drug， the combined Chinese medicinals with Buguzhi （Fructus Psoraleae） of high frequency are screened out， and their components and action targets were obtained through TCMSP， TCMIP and PharmMapper databases. The association strength value and risk value of Chinese medicinals that acted on the nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） pathway were analyzed. For those having greater values than the median association strength value and risk value were regarded as indirect Chinese medicinals of liver injury risk. In this way， a prediction model of liver injury risk of Chinese medicinals was constructed based on immune activation-related indirect liver injury process （taking NF-κB pathway as an example）. And verification of the prediction model was performed using Heshouwu （Radix Polygoni Multiflori） preparations. ResultsThe prediction model of liver injury risk based on important immunoactivated pathway （taking NF-κB pathway as an example） found that Yinyanghuo （Herba Epimedii） （association strength value = 0.18， risk value = 0.25） was a Chinese medicinal with potential risk of indirect liver injury within Buguzhi （Fructus Psoraleae） prepartions， which may increase the risk of liver injury by positively regulating Bruton's tyrosine kinase （Btk） and protein kinase C theta （PKCθ） on NF-κB pathway. Further verification of prediction model by Heshouwu （Radix Polygoni Multiflori） preparations showed that Buguzhi （Fructus Psoraleae） （association strength value = 0.25， risk value = 0.33） and Tusizi （Semen Cuscutae） （Semen Cuscutae， association strength value = 0.34， risk value = 0.33） may increase the liver injury risk of Heshouzu. ConclusionThe liver injury risk prediction model of indirect toxicity of Chinese medicinals has been constructed in this study， providing metho-dological reference for the identification of Chinese medicinals of indirect liver injury risk under the condition of compound formulas.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in China from 2007 to 2018, and to provide reference information for formulating strategies to eliminate rabies.Methods:The incidence data were obtained from the national notifiable communicable disease reporting information system in China to analyze the spatial, population and time distribution of human rabies cases.Results:From 2007 to 2018, 17 848 cases of human rabies were reported nationwide. 57% of the cases were reported in 6 provinces, including Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Henan and Sichuan. A total of 37 counties reported more than 50 cases. The number of reported cases decreased from 3 300 in 2007 to 422 in 2018, with an average annual decline rate of 7%. The number of districts and counties involved decreased from 984 in 2007 to 308 in 2018. The population aged 35-75 years accounted for 67%, followed by the population aged 0-15 years (17%). Farmers accounted for 70% of the total number of cases, followed by students (11%) and scattered children (6%).Conclusions:China′s human rabies epidemic has changed from a regional epidemic to a multi-regional spread.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of remote intracranial hematoma (RIH) in patients with intracranial aneurysm after interventional embolization.Methods:Six patients with RIH from a series of 58 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm, admitted to and performed interventional embolization in our hospital from January 2016 and December 2018, were chosen in our study. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those without RIH at the same period.Results:In these 6 patients, 4 had history of hypertension, 5 had aneurysm located in the internal carotid artery, 5 were treated with stents combined with postoperative routine anticoagulation treatment. The remote intracranial hematoma occurred within 7 d of interventional embolization, and the hematoma was located in the cerebral hemisphere on the same side of the aneurysm; 4 patients underwent intracranial hematoma puncture catheter drainage; 1 patient was treated conservatively, and one was treated by craniotomy. After treatment, 1 patient recovered (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score of 1), 1 patient had poor prognosis (mRS scores of 5) and discharged automatically, and the rest 4 patients (mRS scores of 3-5) left some degrees of neurological dysfunction. As compared with 52 patients without RIH, 6 patients with RIH had significantly higher percentages of patients used stents and postoperatively used anticoagulation, and higher percentages of patients with poor clinical outcomes at discharge ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm combined with hypertension should be highly vigilant about the possibility of RIH.

Objective:To provide family-centered interactive nursing intervention to children for early functional exercise of the affected limbs according to temperament assessment results in school-aged children with limb fractures and to analyze its effects on .the compliance with early functional exercise in these children.Methods:Totally 120 school-aged children with limb fractures that required surgery who were admitted into Yantaishan Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 60 cases in each group. Children in the observation group received family-centered interactive nursing intervention according to temperament assessment results, while children in the control group received routine care. The compliance with early functional exercise of the affect limbs after surgery for limb fractures in school-aged children.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the compliance with early functional exercise of the affected limb of school-aged children after surgery for limb fractures in two groups (χ 2=10.053, P<0.05) . The family members' evaluation of nursing effects in the observation group of school-aged children were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no significant swelling of the fractured limbs in the observation group, while 4 cases in the control group had swelling of the fractured limbs which needed to loosen the plaster. Conclusions:Family-centered interactive nursing measures for early functional exercise in school-aged children with limb fractures according to different temperaments can enhance the compliance with early functional exercise, improve family members' satisfaction, and reduce the occurrence of early compliance of fractured limbs in these children.

As a digestive organ, the liver has the functions of metabolism, synthesis, and detoxification. It is also an immune organ and plays an important role in maintaining anti-infection, autoimmune stability, and anti-tumor. In particular, the liver has unique immunological advantages. Its immune cells can maintain the liver's immune homeostasis and participate in immunoregulation. A variety of immunotherapy is used in clinical trials for the treatment of difficult and critical liver diseases. This review mainly summarizes the recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and autoimmune liver disease.

Animals ; Cdc20 Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Infertility, Female/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/metabolism*