Objective: To evaluate the application effect of oral health management program based on behavior change wheel (BCW) theory, so as to provide a reference for improving children s awareness of oral self management and the development of healthy oral behaviors. Methods: A total of 120 children aged 5-6 from 2 kindergartens in Yubei District in Chongqing City, selected by convenience sampling method from September 2023 to March 2024, were divided into a experimental group and a control group (60 each). Children in the experimental group were given an oral health education programme based on BCW theory (promoted health awareness, cultivated healthy behavior ability, strengthened awareness and ability, and provided opportunitiess) on the basis of conventional oral health education, and children in the control group were given conventional oral health education; data were collected before and 3 months after the intervention, respectively. Comparisons between groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test and χ 2 test. Results: Before intervention, there were no significant differences in plaque index [2.00(1.00,2.00), 2.00(1.00,2.00)] and the number of filled teeth [0.00(0.00,1.00), 0.00( 0.00 ,1.00)] between the experimental group and the control group ( Z=-0.88, -0.42, P >0.05). After intervention, the plaque index of the experimental group [1.00(0.00,1.00)] was lower than that of the control group [1.00(0.25,2.00)] and before intervention, and the number of filling teeth in the experimental group [1.00(0.00,2.00)] was higher than that of the control group [1.00(0.00,1.00)] and before intervention, the differences were statistically significant ( Z =-3.14, -5.48; -2.08, -3.02, P <0.05). Before intervention, there were no significant differences in oral health behavior report rate and oral health knowledge mastery rate between the two groups ( χ 2=0.30-0.91, 0.15-1.43, P > 0.05 ). After intervention, the report rates of health tooth brushing (method, frequency and duration) and preventive behavior (using fluoride toothpaste, pit and fissure sealing prevention and fluoride application prevention) in the experimental group were better than those in the control group and before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=4.88-9.38, 9.13- 22.63 , P <0.05). The mastery rates of oral health knowledge in the experimental group were better than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=4.62-8.54, P <0.05). Conclusion Oral health management programs based on the BCW theory are more conducive to improving children s oral hygiene, as well as enhancing children s basic oral knowledge and promoting the development of oral health behaviors.

Objective:To investigate the imaging quality of CBCT under different exposure parameters and the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation.Methods:CBCT scanners of 6 different suppliers[3D Accuitomo(Morita),i-mCAT(Kavo),5G(NewTom),Smart3D(Beijing Langshi),DCT Pro(Vatech),Vgi(NewTom)]were used to scan the spatial resolution models and head simulators under typical exposure conditions(different device with different tube voltage and current for exposure).The visibility of SedentexCT IQ phantom and anatomical structures generated by different CBCT scanners were compared.For objective evaluation,7 professional evaluators scored CBCT imaging qualities.For subjective evaluation,the resolution(LP/mm)of the images were com-pared among the devices.Results:No significant difference was found by 7 evaluators either intra or inter of the teams.By objective e-valuation,the score of NewTom 5G was 2,that of i-CAT was 5 and that of the others was 4.By subjective evaluation,the LP/mm of i-CAT was 1.8,that of Smart3D was 2.0 and that of the others was 1.0-1.7.The subjective evaluation of image quality obtained un-der different tube voltages and tube currents were significantly different.Conclusion:The subjective and objective evaluations of image quality are approximately consistent.The difference of the subjective image quality may be produced by the different tube voltage and current for exposure.

Objective:To analyze the association between waist circumference (WC) and ischemic stroke (IS).Methods:The data for the present study were from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank in Qingdao. Using baseline information and IS events of the participants, the Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyze the association between WC and IS.Results:A total of 33 355 participants were included in the study, with 302 008.88 person-years of follow-up. A total of 1 093 new cases of IS were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that compared to the respondents with normal WC (male <85.0 cm, female <80.0 cm), respondents with excessive WC (male ≥85.0 cm, female ≥80.0 cm) had a 78% higher risk of IS incidence [hazard ratio( HR)=1.78, 95% CI: 1.51-2.10], and the risk increased by 72% ( HR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.40-2.12) and 83% ( HR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.40-2.39) in men and women. According to the RCS, the increase in WC and the risk of IS showed an "S" trend of nonlinear dose-response relationship. Conclusions:The risk of IS would increase with the WC. Keeping a normal WC is important for preventing IS.

Objective:To explore the adaptive index of pulmonary rehabilitation self-efficacy and its influencing factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide reference for formulating and implementing effective intervention strategies.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling method was used to select 279 elderly COPD patients hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People′s Hospital from March 2023 to June 2023. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire, Chinese version of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Adapted Index of Self-Efficacy, Social Support Scale and Frailty Phenotype. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of pulmonary rehabilitation self-efficacy in elderly patients with COPD.Results:The age distribution of 279 elderly COPD patients was 117 cases aged 60-69, 102 cases aged 70-79, and 60 cases aged ≥ 80, including 134 males and 145 females. The total score of Chinese version of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Adapted Index of Self-Efficacy in elderly COPD patients was (24.95 ± 5.20) points, and the highest dimension of item mean score was exercise self-efficacy (1.99 ± 0.62) points, while the lowest mean score was strain capacity (1.88 ± 0.44) points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level, pulmonary function grade, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, social support level and frailty were influencing factors of pulmonary rehabilitation self-efficacy in elderly COPD patients ( t values were - 9.01-3.36, all P<0.05), accounting for 43.4% of the total variation. Conclusions:The self-efficacy adaptation index of pulmonary rehabilitation in the elderly patients with COPD is at the middle-lower level. Health care providers should fully understand the relevant influencing factors, and establish targeted and individualized pulmonary rehabilitation intervention strategies on these basis to maximize the subjective initiative of patients.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of occasional hypertension in preschool children in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and analyze the relationship between their sleep status and occasional hypertension.Methods:From October to November 2017, a total of 24 842 preschool children from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces were selected by intentional sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect basic information about the subjects, and the sleep status data was collected by the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Physical examinations were performed on the subjects, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured on-site. The difference in occasional hypertension detection rate among preschool children with different characteristics was compared, and the correlation between sleep status and occasional hypertension detection rate was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model.Results:The age of the subjects was (4.4±1.0) years, including 12 729 boys (51.2%). The prevalence of occasional hypertension was 31.8% (7 907/24 842). The prevalence of occasional hypertension among preschool children in three provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 31.8%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occasional hypertension among preschool children of different genders, age groups, family residence, family economic status and parents′ education level (all P values<0.05). The detection rate of occasional hypertension in children with less than 10 hours of sleep was higher than those with sufficient sleep, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, family residence, family economic status, parental education level, parental smoking history, and physical constitution, the ORs (95% CI) for less than 10 hours of sleep, turning on the lights while sleeping, and poor sleep quality were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, compared with the corresponding reference group. Conclusion:The detection rate of occasional hypertension is high in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and turning on the light when sleeping and occasional hypertension in preschool children.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of occasional hypertension in preschool children in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and analyze the relationship between their sleep status and occasional hypertension.Methods:From October to November 2017, a total of 24 842 preschool children from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces were selected by intentional sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect basic information about the subjects, and the sleep status data was collected by the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Physical examinations were performed on the subjects, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured on-site. The difference in occasional hypertension detection rate among preschool children with different characteristics was compared, and the correlation between sleep status and occasional hypertension detection rate was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model.Results:The age of the subjects was (4.4±1.0) years, including 12 729 boys (51.2%). The prevalence of occasional hypertension was 31.8% (7 907/24 842). The prevalence of occasional hypertension among preschool children in three provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 31.8%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occasional hypertension among preschool children of different genders, age groups, family residence, family economic status and parents′ education level (all P values<0.05). The detection rate of occasional hypertension in children with less than 10 hours of sleep was higher than those with sufficient sleep, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, family residence, family economic status, parental education level, parental smoking history, and physical constitution, the ORs (95% CI) for less than 10 hours of sleep, turning on the lights while sleeping, and poor sleep quality were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, compared with the corresponding reference group. Conclusion:The detection rate of occasional hypertension is high in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and turning on the light when sleeping and occasional hypertension in preschool children.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To summarize the most robust evidence on application timing and management strategies for chronic wound oxygen therapy and to provide an evidence-based basis for standardizing clinical practice.Methods A systematic literature search of BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,NICE,SIGN,GIN,NZGG,NGC,RNAO,WOCN,WUWHS,APWCA,IWII,WHS,WI,AWMA,WCET,ESVS,AAWC,Medlive,JBI,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP was conducted to collect the literature including clinical decision resources,guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,and meta-analyses related to the application timing and management strategies for chronic wound oxygen therapy.The search period spanned from October 13,2018,to October 13,2023.There were 2 researchers who assessed the quality of the included literature,extracted relevant data,and synthesized the evidence.Results In total,we included 28 pieces of literature,consisting of 6 guidelines,4 expert consensus papers,3 evidence summaries,and 15 systematic reviews.From these sources,we distilled 18 pieces of evidence including 7 aspects of indications,contraindications,application timing,assessment,management strategies,effectiveness,and adverse reactions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy;12 pieces of evidence from 6 aspects of indications,application time,assessment,management strategies,effectiveness,and adverse reactions of local oxygen therapy.Conclusion Oxygen therapy can be used as an adjunct therapy for chronic wound management.Clinical practitioners should fully evaluate the scope and timing of the application of oxygen therapy,consider the feasibility,suitability,clinical signific ance,and effectiveness of evidence based on the specific clinical situations,and apply evidence in combination with patient preferences to promote chronic wound healing.

Objective:To analyze the detection rate and related factors of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity in 2021 and 2022.Methods:Based on the results of the Seventh National Population Census in 2021,the residents of 32 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions were sampled by gender and age.The gender and age of the samples were in line with the characteristics of China's population.A face-to-face interview survey was conducted in community residents in each province in 2021(n=11 005)and 2022(n=30 421)with the Gen-eralized Anxiety Questionnaire-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:The detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were 10.67％in 2021 and 11.72％in 2022.The prevalence of depressive and anxi-ety comorbidity were higher in male,younger(age≤17 years),divorced,lower BMI(BMI＜18.5 kg/m2),higher education(graduate),students,and residents with chronic medical history(Ps＜0.001).In 2022,32.06％of people with depressive symptoms had anxious symptoms and 47.62％of people with anxious symptoms had depressive symptoms.Conclusion:In 2021 and 2022,the detection rates of depressive and anxious symptoms comorbidity were both about 10％,and half of patients with anxious symptoms were accompanied by depressive symptoms,So atten-tion should be paid to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Iliac vein stenosis (IVS), known as iliac vein compression syndrome, refers to a series of diseases caused by iliac vein compression or intraluminal adhesions leading to lower extremity vein or pelvic vein drainage disturbance and other clinical manifestations which is quite common in vascular surgery. The vast majority of patients with symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) have IVS. In clinical work, IVS does not typically appear as a single symptom, while often combining with other lesions, such as varicose veins of the lower extremities, skin pigmentation, ulcer formation. Studies on its aetiology and epidemiology have found a mean age of onset of 40 years, the age of onset in females is lower than that in males, and the average of stress in females is significantly higher than that in males. Typical IVS occurs mainly in the left lower extremity in young women of reproductive age, but exceptions remain. In summary, the importance of the diagnosis of IVS in clinical practical work can be seen. CVI is a general term for all diseases that affect the morphology and function of the venous system. Compared with chronic venous disease (CVD), CVI include venous system abnormalities without symptoms or signs. Thus, it more accurately describes the diagnosis and treatment of IVS that requires clinical guidance, so its concept is quoted. With the development and advancement of medical imaging, more and more techniques provide help in the diagnosis and treatment of IVS. Therefore, professionals in various specialties have made relevant studies about the benefits and drawbacks of imaging techniques for diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognostic management of this disease, in order to improve the diagnostic efficacy. Consequently, this review is focused on the current situation of the diagnosis and treatment of IVS under multi-modal imaging, hoping to provide choices of medical imaging technologies for the different states, and to find a better and personalized plan for patients.