With the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine and the continuous discovery of various anticancer effects of salidroside(sal),it is known that sal inhibits tumor proliferation,invasion and migration by inducing apoptosis and autophagy,regulating the cell cycle,modulating the tumor microenvironment,and controlling cancer-related signaling pathways and molecules.The microRNA(miRNA)-mRNA signaling axis can regulate the expression of target mRNAs by altering miRNA expression,thereby affecting the growth cycle,proliferation,and metabolism of cancer cells.Studies have shown that sal can influence the occurrence and progression of various malignant tumors through the miRNA-mRNA signaling axis,inhibiting the progression of lung cancer,gastric cancer,and nasopharyngeal carcinoma,with a notable time and dose dependence in its antitumor effects.Summarizing the specific mechanism of sal regulating miRNA-mRNA signaling axis to inhibit tumors in recent years can provide a new theoretical basis,diagnosis,and therapeutic methods for the research on prevention and treatment of tumors.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscope in elderly patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:A total of 102 patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2020 to September 2022 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: 38 patients in group A (≤65 years old) and 64 patients in group B (> 65 years old). The case data, changes of vital signs, detection of lesions and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results:There were significant differences in combined diseases between group A and group B. The stomach examination time in group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (15.49±2.04 min VS 16.61±2.02 min, t=-2.685, P=0.009). There was significant difference in small intestine examination time between the two groups (331.69±14.96 min VS 337.83±14.28 min, t=-1.229, P=0.227). The incidence of adverse reactions in group A was significantly lower than that in group B [0.00%(0/38) VS 6.25%(4/64), χ2=6.186, P=0.013]. The changes of vital signs before, during and after examination were not statistically different. The detection rates of upper gastrointestinal lesions were 92.1% (35/38) and 98.4% (63/64), respectively. The positive rates of upper gastrointestinal bleeding under MCCG were 60.0% (21/35) and 50.8% (32/63), respectively. Patients with unexplained upper gastrointestinal bleeding under MCCG received small intestine examination. The detection rates of small intestinal lesions by small intestine examination were 84.6% (11/13) and 91.7% (22/24), respectively. Conclusion:MCCG demonstrates excellent diagnostic accuracy in elderly patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, it is safe and suitable for use in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, allowing for concurrent small intestine examination.

The incidence and mortality of digestive system tumors are high,and the trend is increasing year by year,and the early onset is hidden,difficult to detect,and seriously threaten human health.In recent years,it has been found that long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),as a new class of non-coding RNA,plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors,influencing the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating the malignant biological characteristics of tumor cells such as proliferation,invasion and metastasis.Further study on the role of lncRNA in digestive system tumors can further discover its diagnosis and treatment methods,and provide new ideas for reducing the incidence and mortality of digestive system tumors.This article reviewed the progress of research in lncRNA in digestive system tumors.

[摘 要] 目的：采用基于中国人群单核苷酸多态性位点开发的同源重组缺陷（HRD）检测工具评估云南地区卵巢癌患者的HRD状态和BRCA1/2基因突变频率并探讨其临床意义。方法：共纳入2021年1月至2023年5月间在云南省肿瘤医院收治的卵巢癌患者248例，HRD状态采用基因组瘢痕评分法（GSS）（主要依据拷贝数的长度、类型、位置及基因组断片）或HRD评分法（杂合性缺失、端粒等位基因失衡及大片段移位等基因组不稳定事件的总和）进行评估，当组织样本的GSS≥50分或HRD评分≥42分者或检测到有害的BRCA1/2基因突变时HRD被定义为阳性。分析患者HRD状态与临床病理特征的关系。结果：248名卵巢癌患者中70.97%的患者HRD呈阳性，其中BRCA1/2基因突变率为30.65%。Ⅲ~Ⅵ期、高级别浆液腺癌的卵巢癌患者具有更高的HRD阳性率（均P<0.01），HRD评分更高的患者其合并其他基因突变的频率也越高（P<0.05）。HRD状态与卵巢癌的病理类型、临床分期和其他基因突变均有关联（均P<0.01）。结论：云南地区卵巢癌患者HRD阳性率较高，HRD阳性的卵巢癌患者可以从聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂治疗中获得更大的收益。

Objective:To investigate the risk factors that affected pathological diagnosis upgrading after resection of colorectal adenoma.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2022, a total of 1 059 patients who underwent adenoma resection after pathologically diagnosed as adenoma by endoscopic forceps biopsy(EFB)were included in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. The patients were divided into the pathologically no difference group (1 003 cases) and the pathologically upgraded group (56 cases) based on the comparison of pathological diagnosis of EFB specimens and the specimens after adenoma resection. Clinical information and endoscopic characteristics of the adenoma were compared between the 2 groups. The clinical information included smoking history, family history of colorectal cancer, and the endoscopic characteristics included maximum diameter, morphological characteristics, surface depression, erosion or ulceration, and surface color of adenoma. Chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for pathological diagnosis upgrading after adenoma resection.Results:The proportions of patients with smoking history, family history of colorectal cancer, concomitant hypertension, and coronary heart disease in the pathologically upgraded group were higher than those in the pathologically no difference group (46.43%, 26/56 vs.26.12%, 262/1 003; 8.93%, 5/56 vs.0.70%, 7/1 003; 46.43%, 26/56 vs.30.11%, 302/1 003; 21.43%, 12/56 vs.9.27%, 93/1 003), and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=11.05, Fisher′s exact test, χ2=6.61 and 8.78; all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the pathologically no difference group and pathologically upgraded group in the maximum diameter (929 cases (92.62%) and 23 cases (41.07%) of < 20 mm, and 74 cases (7.38%) and 33 cases (58.93%) of ≥20 mm, respectively), morphological characteristics (220 cases (21.93%) and 28 cases (50.00%) with pedicle, and 783 cases (78.07%) and 28 cases (50.00%) without pedicle, respectively), surface color (347 cases (34.60%) and 3 cases (5.36%) of near normal mucosa, 613 cases (61.12%) and 50 cases (89.29%) of red surface color, and 43 cases (4.29%) and 3 cases (5.36%) of white surface color, respectively), erosion or ulceration (78 cases (7.78%) and 36 cases (64.29%) had erosion or ulceration, and 925 cases (92.22%) and 20 cases (35.71%) had no erosion or ulceration, respectively), and surface depression (6 cases (0.60%) and 8 cases (14.29%) of depression, and 997 cases (99.40%) and 48 cases (85.71%) of non depression, respectively) ( χ2=155.18, 23.30, 20.58 and 176.31, Fisher′s exact test; all P<0.001). The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that surface depression ( OR=25.198, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.812 to 109.246, P<0.001), erosion or ulceration( OR=9.913, 95% CI 4.652 to 21.124, P<0.001), red surface color ( OR=4.276, 95% CI 1.053 to 17.363, P=0.042), white surface color ( OR=8.803, 95% CI 1.398 to 55.435, P=0.021), maximum diameter≥20 mm ( OR=4.689, 95% CI 2.265 to 9.706, P<0.001), family history of colorectal cancer ( OR=8.764, 95% CI 1.418 to 54.162, P=0.019) and smoking history ( OR=2.713, 95% CI 1.376 to 5.349, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for pathological diagnosis upgrading after adenoma resection. Conclusion:Surface depression, maximum diameter ≥20 mm, erosion or ulceration, white or red surface color, family history of colorectal cancer and smoking history may enhance the heterogeneity of adenomas, interfere with the accuracy of EFB pathology, and lead to an upgrade of pathological diagnosis after adenoma resection.

The incidence and mortality of digestive system tumors are increasing year by year,which seriously threatens human life and health.In recent years,it has been found that long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)is involved in regulating the proliferation,migration,and invasion of digestive system tumors.This article reviewed the progress of research on lncRNA in digestive system tumors.

Objective:To automatically synthesize Al 18F-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, perform PET/CT imaging in vivo, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on tumors. Methods:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced in All-in-one automatic synthesis module and its quality control was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a radioactive detector. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice ( n=3) and 4T1 breast cancer models ( n=3) to determine its biodistribution. Then Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient (male, 51 years old). Results:The synthesis time of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 35 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.2±1.9)% (attenuation correction, n=3). The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (46.11±3.07) GBq/μmol (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was still above 98.0% at room temperature after 6 h. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in biliary system and bladder, and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) values of 4.1, 8.9, 5.4, 4.8, 2.2 in parasternal lymph nodes, anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes, hilar lymph nodes, pancreaticoduodenal ligament lymph nodes, abdominal aortic lymph nodes, respectively, while TBR values were 1.0, 2.8, 5.0, 2.1, 1.1 by 18F-FDG. Conclusions:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 can be synthesized with short time, high radiochemical yield and good stability using All-in-one module. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging has high contrast and excellent diagnostic efficacy on tumors.

Objective:To summarize our experience in diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived(MALT) lymphoma and to explore the role of surgery.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 86 patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2000 to December 2018. 86 cases were identified with 44 males and 42 females. The mean age was(56.7±10.6) years old. 38(44.2%) cases had symptoms mainly presenting as cough and sputum at diagnosis. The chest CT scan of the patients showed pulmonary consolidation in 39 cases, nodule/mass shadow in 37 cases, usually with air bronchogram. Only 8(9.3%) cases could be diagnosed by non-surgical approach. 58 cases received complete resection, 10 of which followed chemotherapy. 8 of 17 cases who received incomplete resection accepted chemotherapy. The rest 11 cases who experienced surgical biopsy because of uncertain diagnosis were treated by chemotherapy or radio-chemotherapy or just watch-to-wait.Results:The median follow-up of 83 cases was 64 months, ranged from 24 to 219 months. The estimated 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 95.0% and 76.8%, while 5-year and 10-year PFS were 75.7% and 35.1% respectively. Patients who received complete resectionhad better PFS( P<0.001)but similar OS( P=0.395), compared with those received incomplete resection. There were no significant difference in OS and PFS between patients who received complete resection accepted chemotherapy or not( P>0.05). Conclusion:Pulmonary MALT lymphoma has an indolent nature with an excellent long-term survival. Diagnosis is difficult to be made by non-surgical approach. Surgery plays an important role of treatment of pulmonary MALT lymphoma, due to significant improvement of diagnosis rate and radical treatment of localized disease by complete resection.

To explore early prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） outbreak based on system dynamics model analysis. The data of early outbreak of COVID-19 were collected from the World Health Organization，covering countries of the China，United States，United Kingdom，Australia，Serbia and Italy. The susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered （SEIR） model was generalized and then its parameters were optimized. According to the parameters in the basic infection number expression，the sensitivity in the system dynamics model was used to quantitatively analyze the influence of the protection rate，infection rate and average quarantine time on the early spread of the outbreak. Based on the analysis results，targeted prevention and control measures for the early outbreak of COVID-19 were proposed. The generalized SEIR model had a good fit for the early prediction and evaluation of COVID-19 outbreaks in six countries. The spread of COVID-19 was mainly affected by the protection rate，infection rate and average quarantine time. The improvement of the protection rate in the first ays was the most important:the greater the protection rate，the fewer the number of confirmed cases. The infection rate in the first 5 days was the most critical:the smaller the infection rate，the fewer the number of confirmed cases. The average quarantine time in the first 5 days was very important:the shorter the average quarantine time，the fewer the number of confirmed cases. Through the comparison of key parameters of six countries，Australia and China had implemented strict epidemic prevention policies，which had resulted in good epidemic prevention effects. In the early stage of the outbreak，it is necessary to improve the protection rate，shorten the average quarantine time，and implement strict isolation policies to curb the spread of COVID-19.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To summarize the clinical experiences of managing patients with novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection after kidney transplantation.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for two patients with 2019-nCoV infection after renal transplantation in January 2020. Case 1 was a 48-year-old male with CMV pneumonia secondary to 2019-nCoV infection at 4 months post-transplantation. CT imaging showed multiple patchy ground-glass opacities of both lungs. Case 2 was a 59-year-old male who screened positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid due to fever at 9 days post-transplantation and he showed no clinical manifestations of pneumonia. After a definite diagnosis, case 1 was transferred to a designated hospital for isolation. Treatment regimens: cefoperazone sulbactam sodium plus linezolid for anti-infection, gamma globulin for enhancing immunity, methylprednisolone for controlling inflammatory responses and antiviral regimens of arbidol tablets plus lopina-velitonavir tablets. Case 2 was isolated in a single room. The treatment plan included cefoperazone sulbactam sodium for anti-infection, gamma globulin for enhancing immunity, arbidol for antiviral therapy and other symptomatic measures.Results:During a follow-up period of 3 weeks, case 1 recovered with renal dysfunction, nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swab turned negative and pulmonary imaging improved. Case 2 showed no obvious clinical symptoms and nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swab turned negative thrice.Conclusions:Renal transplant recipients should take precautions to avoid exposure to high-risk environments. A definite diagnosis should be made on the basis of clinical manifestations and results of nucleic acid test and pulmonary imaging. Currently there is no effective antiviral agent and symptomatic treatment is a major option.