Objective:To discuss the protective effect of velvet antler peptide(VAP)in the osteoporosis(OP)model rats,and to clarify the possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty 12-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,positive drug group(treated with 1 mg·kg-1·d-1 of alendronate sodium by gavage),low dose of VAP group(treated with 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 VAP),medium dose of VAP group(treated with 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 VAP),and high dose of VAP group(treated with 300 mg·kg-1·d-1 VAP),and there were ten rats in each group.Except for control group,the rats in the other groups were injected with dexamethasone(2 mg·kg-1)to replicate the OP rat model,while the rats in control group were injected with the equivalent volume of saline twice a week for 11 consecutive weeks.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to detect the bone mineral density(BMD)of femur tissue of the rats in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the levels of serum calcium(Ca2+),phosphate(P),osteoprotegerin(OPG),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and osteocalcin(OCN)in serum of the rats in various groups;biochemical method was used to detect the malondialdehyde(MDA)level and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in serum of the rats in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of bone tissue of the rats in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),catalase(CAT),Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),and forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)proteins in bone tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the BMD of femoral tissue of the rats in model group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the BMD of femur tissue of the rats in positive drug group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of Ca2+,P,OPG,and SOD activities in serum of the rats in model group were decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of ALP,OCN,and MDA were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the level of OPG in serum of the rats in low dose of VAP group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the levels of Ca2+,P,OPG,and activities of SOD in serum of the rats in positive drug group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of ALP,OCN,and MDA in serum of the rats in positive drug group and different doses of VAP groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The HE staining results showed that compared with control group,the rats in model group had fewer bone cells and disordered arrangements in the bone tissue,thinner bone trabeculae with large fractures,and an expanded marrow cavity;compared with model group,the rats in positive drug group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group had thicker bone trabeculae arranged more tightly.The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of SIRT1,CAT,RUNX2,and FOXO1 proteins in bone tissue of the rats in model group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of SIRT1,CAT,RUNX2,and FOXO1 proteins in bone tissue of the rats in positive drug group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:VAP has the protective effect against OP in the rats,and its mechanism may be related to mediating the antioxidant stress action through the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

AIM:To investigate whether crocin alleviates right ventricular injury induced by monocrotaline(MCT)in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH),and to explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group,PAH group,crocin group and sildenafil group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in PAH,crocin and sildenafil groups received subcutaneous injection of MCT(50 mg/kg)to establish the PAH model.Starting from the day of MCT injection,the rats in crocin group received crocin(200 mg/kg),the rats in sildenafil group received sildenafil(30 mg/kg),and those in PAH and normal groups were orally gavaged with an equal volume of saline once daily.After 4 weeks,measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI)and right ventricular mass index(RVMI)were taken for the rats in each group.Tissue staining was conducted to observe pathological changes in the right ventricle,and the expression levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α),the p38 MAPK/NF-κB inflammato-ry pathway,CCL2,CCR2,and the macrophage marker CD68 were assessed.RESULTS:Compared with PAH group,the rats in crocin and sildenafil groups exhibited significant reductions in RVSP,mPAP,RVHI and RVMI(P＜0.05).Right ventricular tissue displayed no evident infiltration of inflammatory cells or proliferation of collagen fibers.The down-regulation of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α)was significant(P＜0.05).Additionally,the CCL2/CCR2 pathway and the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages were markedly decreased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Crocin effectively mitigates right ventricular damage in MCT-induced PAH rats,with its effica-cy comparable to that of sildenafil at the dosage utilized in this experiment.Some protective mechanisms of crocin may be attributed to its regulatory effects on inflammation.

Objective This study aims to investigate the expression of YTH domain N6-methyladenine RNA binding protein 2(YTHDF2)and UBX domain protein 1(UBXN1)in glioma tissue and their prognostic value.Methods A total of 92 glioma cases that underwent surgical treatment in Qingdao Jiaozhou Central Hospital from February 2017 to February 2018 were included.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect YTHDF2 and UBXN1 expression.Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to analyze the association between YTHDF2,UBXN1 expression and prognosis in glioma patients.COX analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors affecting glioma patients.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,the positivity rate of YTHDF2(65.22％vs 15.22％)was significantly higher in gliomas,while the positivity rate of UBXN1(26.09％vs 73.91％)was lower,and differences were statistically significant(x2=47.831,42.087,all P<0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis,showed a negative correlation between YTHDF2 and UBXN1 expression in gliomas(r=-0.712,P<0.05).Compared with tumors diameter<3cm and WHO grades Ⅰ to Ⅱ,YTHDF2(75.47％vs 51.28％,65.22％vs 50.00％)had a higher positivity rate in glioma tissues with tumor diameter≥3cm and WHO grade Ⅲ,while UBXN1(15.09％vs 41.03％,11.11％vs 47.37％)had a lower positivity rate,and differences were statistically significant(x2=5.795,6.609;7.835,15.207,all P<0.05).The five-year overall survival rate of YTHDF2 positive group was lower than that of negative group[28.33％(17/60)vs 62.50％(20/32)],while the five-year overall survival rate of UBXN1 positive group was higher than that of negative group[66.67％(16/24)vs 30.88％(21/68)],and the differences were statistically significant(Log-Rank x2=12.870,7.665,all P<0.05).YTHDF2 positive(HR=2.427,95％CI:1.426～4.569),UBXN1 negative(HR=1.740,95％CI:1.121～2.568),WHO grade Ⅲ(HR=2.671,95％CI:1.160～6.012)and tumor diameter≥3cm(HR=1.628,95％CI:1.017～2.592)were risk factors for poor survival prognosis in glioma patients.Conclusion YTHDF2 increased and UBXN1 decreased in glioma tissues,both of which are related to WHO grading and tumor diameter,and they are independent factors for evaluating the prognosis of glioma patients.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨白术（Atractylodes macrocephala）水提物抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞活性的潜在机制。方法：分别使用蒸馏水（对照）和白术水提物（白术治疗组）灌胃SD大鼠后，采集静脉血后分离其血清、过滤并分别命名为对照组血清（CON-S）和白术组血清（AM-S）。将胃癌SGC7901细胞分为对照组、10% AM-S组和20% AM-S组，其中两个AM-S组细胞分别在相应浓度的AM-S血清中培养24 h，对照组细胞用正常培养基培养相同时间，收取SGC7901细胞和上清液用于进一步分析。使用MTT法检测各组细胞活力，通过商业试剂盒测定乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的水平，采用ELISA试剂盒检测各组细胞中IL-6和TNF-α的含量，采用WB法评估各组细胞中PI3K-Akt-NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果：10% AM-S组和20% AM-S组的SGC7901胃癌细胞增殖活力相较于对照组分别降低48.9%和53.25%（P<0.05或P<0.01）；胃癌细胞上清液中，相较于对照组，10% AM-S组和20% AM-S组LDH水平分别升高29.25%和123%、SOD活性分别升高18%和54.60%、MDA水平分别降低27.8%和40.0%，IL-6水平分别降低15%和17.5%、TNF-α水平分别降低29.71%和40.16%（P<0.05或P<0.01）。相较于对照组，AM-S组中PI3K-Akt-NF-κB信号相关蛋白的水平显著下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：白术水提物可以通过抑制癌细胞增殖活力、促进凋亡、抑制肿瘤微环境中的促炎因子分泌以及改变细胞内的氧化应激水平等方式抑制胃癌，其机制可能是通过抑制PI3K-Akt-NF-κB通路来实现这些抗癌作用的。

Purpose: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy that occurs primarily in children and adolescents. The clinical and pathological features of IMT in adult patients are not well understood. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively searched for records of adult patients with IMT at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2006 to 2021. Clinicopathological data, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Thirty adult patients with IMT, mostly women (60.0%), were included. The median age of the patients was 38 (21-77). The most common primary site was abdominopelvic region (53.3%), followed by lungs (20.0%). Seven patients had an abdominal epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblast sarcoma (EIMS). The positivity rate of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was 81.5% (22/27). Sixteen patients with advanced ALK-positive disease received crizotinib, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 81.3% and a disease control rate of 87.5%. The median progression-free survival was 20.8 months. EIMS was associated with more aggressive behavior; however, the prognosis was similar to that of non-EIMS patients after treatment with an ALK inhibitor. At a median follow-up time of 30 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.6 to 46.4), the 5-year overall survival was 77% (95% CI, 66 to 88) in all patients. Conclusion Adult IMTs appeared more aggressive, with a higher incidence of recurrence and metastases, and patients with EIMS had more aggressive cases. Treatment with ALK inhibitors resulted in a high ORR and a durable response, which suggested that ALK inhibitors could be used as a first-line treatment option in adult patients with ALK-positive advanced IMT.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of traditional Qigong exercise combined with Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)manipulations in treating lower cervical disc herniation(CDH).Methods:A total of 120 CDH patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 60 cases in each group.Patients in both groups were given the same Tuina manipulations.In addition,patients in the observation group practiced traditional Qigong exercise,and those in the control group did conventional neck exercise.After 8 weeks of treatment,the efficacy of the two groups was observed.Follow-up was conducted 3 months after the end of the treatment to record any recurrence.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The improvement in symptom scores was more significant in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).There was inter-group statistical significance in comparing the cross-sectional area and fatty infiltration of certain cervical muscles(P＜0.05).In addition,the recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of the same Tuina manipulation treatment,the efficacy of traditional Qigong exercise in treating CDH is superior to that of conventional neck exercise,with more significant improvements in pain and quality of life and a lower recurrence rate.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the key entry enzyme of plant phenylpropanoid pathway. It plays an important role in the biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin, an anti-tumor lignan that is currently produced from its main natural source Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying. In this study, we cloned the gene ShPAL encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by RT-PCR from the root of S. hexandrum ecotype inhabited in the Aba' district, Sichuan, based on its public SRA transcriptome data-package. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the ShPAL-encoded protein is composed of 711 amino acids, contains the conserved domains of PAL, and has the signature motif within the active center of aromatic ammonia-lyases. Moreover, ShPAL protein was predicted to have a secondary structure mainly composed of α-helix and random coil, a typical 'seahorse' shape monomer tertiary structure, and a homologous tetramer three-dimensional structure by Swiss-Modelling. The phylogenetic lineage analysis indicated ShPAL was of the highest sequence identity and the shortest evolutionary distance with the PAL of Epimedium sagittatum from the same Berberidaceae family. Subcellular localization experiments showed that ShPAL protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, despite of a minority on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Furthermore, ShPAL protein was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by histidine-tag affinity chromatography. Its enzymatic activity was determined up to 20.91 U/mg, with the optimum temperature of 41 ℃ and pH of 9.0. In contrast, the enzyme activity of its F130H mutant decreased by about 23.6%, yet with the same trends of change with temperature and pH, confirming that phenylalanine at this position does affect the substrate specificity of PAL. Both the wild type and the mutant have relatively poor thermostability, but good pH-stability. These results may help to further investigate the regulatory role of PAL in the process of podophyllotoxin biosynthesis and advance the heterologous synthesis of podophyllotoxin to protect the germplasm resource of S. hexandrum. They also demonstrate that ShPAL has a potential application in biochemical industry and biomedicine.
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism* ; Podophyllotoxin ; Phylogeny ; Cloning, Molecular

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the function and mechanism of ferroptosis in the radiation resistance of colorectal tumor-repopulating cells. Methods: Human colorectal tumor cells HCT116 (defined as Control cells) were cultured in two-dimensional normal conditions, and tumor regenerative cells with high tumorigenicity (defined as TRCs) were cultured and screened in three-dimensional fibrin soft gels by the mechanical force method. Both the control group and TRC group cells were exposed to X-rays with different doses (2, 4, 6, 8 Gy) and MTS and the clone formation assay were used tomeasure the cell viability rate and proliferation ability. After the Control cells and TRCs were treated with ferroptosis inducer (Erastin) and X-rays respectively, they were stained with C11-BODIPY reagent, and the lipid peroxidation level of the cells was observed and determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. qPCR was used to determine the effects of Erastin and X-rays treatments on the expressions of ferroptosis-related genes glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) in the Control cells and TRCs; WB assay was performed to determine the effects on the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins GPX4 and ACSL4. Results: Colorectal TRCs with high stemness were cultured and screened out from soft fibrin gels. After irradiation with different doses (2, 4, 6, 8 Gy) of X-rays, the viability rate, the clone sizeand the number of clones in the control group were significantly lower than those in the TRC group (all P<0.05). After the cells in the control group were irradiated with different doses of X-rays (4, 8 Gy) and treated with Erastin, the lipid peroxidation level of the cells in the X-ray treated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.05). The lipid peroxidation level of the cells in the Erastin-treated group was significantly higher than that in the DMSO-treated group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference among all treatment subgroups in the TRC group (all P>0.05). The mechanism study indicated that compared with those in control cells, GPX4 and ACSL4 in TRCs under ferroptosis-inducing conditions (X-ray radiation and Erastin treatment) presented expressions that contributed more to radiation resistance, i.e., continued upregulation of GPX4 and downregulation of ACSL4 and their expressions were dependent on the doses of Erastin. Conclusion: Colorectal TRCs may resist ferroptosis through a high expression of GPX4 and a low expression of ACSL4, which in turn induces radiation resistance.

Objective:To investigate the differences of umbilical vein diameter(D), time average peak velocity(TAmax) and blood flow between congenital heart disease and normal fetus.Methods:The umbilical vein diameter and time average peak velocity of 69 fetuses with congenital heart disease (disease group) from 22 to 27 weeks were prospectively studied in Maternal-Fetal Medical Center in Fetal Heart Disease of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from May 2021 to September 2021. Q 1 (umbilical venous blood flow) was calculated according to the formular [Q=0.5TAmax·π·(D/2) 2)], and Q 2 (Q 2=Q 1/weight) was calculated according to the fetal weight. At the same time, 111 normal fetuses with matched gestational age were selected as control group. The differences of fetal umbilical vein D, TAmax, Q 1 and Q 2 between the two groups were analyzed. Results:The inner diameter of umbilical vein D, TAmax, Q 1 and Q 2 in the congenital heart disease group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). In the control group, the inner diameter of umbilical vein D, TAmax and Q 1 increased with the increase of gestational age and showed a positive linear correlation( r=0.608, 0.320, 0.626; all P≤0.001), while there was no obvious linear correlation between Q 2 and gestational age( r=0.189, P=0.047). Conclusions:The decrease of umbilical vein D, TAmax, Q 1 and Q 2 in the fetus with congenital heart disease indicates the decrease of effective blood flow in placenta-fetus circulation, which indirectly reflects the decrease of placental function in the fetus with congenital heart disease.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade system is one of the highly conserved signal systems in eukaryotic cells, which participates in the regulation of many biological processes. Under the stimulation of different signals (such as cytokines, neurotransmitters, and hormones), MAPK cascade activates downstream targets and controls a variety of cellular processes, including growth, immunity, inflammation, and stress response. In different cells, the effects of MAPK cascade on cells vary with the stimuli and the duration of stimulation. MAPK cascade induces Th differentiation and participates in T cell receptor signal pathway and B cell receptor signal pathway. MAPK cascades regulate various cellular activities related to the occurrence and development of cancer. A thorough and systematic understanding of the specific regulatory effects of MAPK cascade on various cellular processes will provide theoretical guidance for treating various diseases.
Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Signal Transduction ; Cell Cycle ; Neoplasms ; Inflammation