Objective To evaluate the effect of donor gender on short-term survival rate of lung transplant recipients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1 066 lung transplant recipients. The log-rank test was used to evaluate the differences in short-term fatality among different donor gender groups and donor-recipient gender combination groups. Multivariate Cox regression, propensity score (PS) regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to control for confounding factors and further assess the differences in fatality. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on donor gender. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences in fatality at 30 days, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years postoperatively between male and female donor groups (all P>0.05). After PS regression and PSM, univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that recipients from female donors had a higher fatality at 2 years postoperatively compared to those from male donors, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.29 (1.01-1.65) and 1.36 (1.03-1.80) respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed no statistically significant differences in fatality at various follow-up time points among different donor-recipient gender combination groups (all P>0.05). Subgroup analyses based on donor sex showed no statistically significant differences in fatality among recipients of different gender within either male or female donor groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Female donors may reduce the short-term postoperative survival rate of lung transplant recipients, but this negative impact is not sustainable in the long term. At present, there is no evidence to support the inclusion of sex as a factor in lung allocation rules.

Objective: To explore the effects of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with nano silver on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. The morphology, particle diameter, and distribution of silver nanoparticles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations and the pore structure of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with different final mass fractions of GelMA were observed by scanning electron microscope and the pore size was calculated. On treatment day 1, 3, 7, and 14, the concentration of nano silver released from the hydrogel containing GelMA with final mass fraction of 15% and nano silver with final mass concentration of 10 mg/L was detected by mass spectrometer. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing final mass concentration of 0 (no nano silver), 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected. Fibroblasts (Fbs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated respectively by enzymatic digestion using the discarded prepuce after circumcision from a 5-year-old healthy boy who was treated in the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2020, and the discarded fat tissue after liposuction from a 23-year-old healthy woman who was treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital in July 2020. The Fbs were divided into blank control group (culture medium only), 2 mg/L nano sliver group, 5 mg/L nano sliver group, 10 mg/L nano sliver group, 25 mg/L nano sliver group, and 50 mg/L nano sliver group, which were added with the corresponding final mass concentrations of nano sliver solution, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the Fb proliferation viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 method. The Fbs were divided into 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 10 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and then were correspondingly treated. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the Fb proliferation viability was detected as before. The ASCs were mixed into GelMA hydrogel and divided into 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the ASC proliferation viability was detected as before and cell growth was observed by live/dead cell fluorescence staining. The sample numbers in the above experiments were all 3. Four full-thickness skin defect wounds were produced on the back of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. The wounds were divided into hydrogel alone group, hydrogel/nano sliver group, hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group, and transplanted with the corresponding scaffolds, respectively. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 14, and 21, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated (n=6). On PID 7 and 14, histopathological changes of wounds were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (n=6). On PID 21, collagen deposition of wounds was observed by Masson staining (n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni correction, and independent sample t test. Results: The sliver nano particles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations were all round, in scattered distribution and uniform in size. The silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with different final mass fractions of GelMA all showed pore structures of different sizes and interconnections. The pore size of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with 10% final mass fraction was significantly larger than that of silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with 15% and 20% final mass fractions (with P values both below 0.05). On treatment day 1, 3, and 7, the concentration of nano silver released from silver-containing GelMA hydrogel in vitro showed a relatively flat trend. On treatment day 14, the concentration of released nano silver in vitro increased rapidly. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 0, 0, 0.7, and 2.1 mm and 0, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.3 mm, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 2 mg/L nano silver group and 5 mg/L nano silver group was both significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), and the proliferation activity of Fbs in 10 mg/L nano silver group, 25 mg/L nano silver group, and 50 mg/L nano silver group was all significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the that of Fbs in 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was all significantly decreased on culture day 1 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 3 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 7 (P<0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group show no statistically significant differences to that in non-printing group on culture day 1 (P>0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was significantly higher than that in non-printing group on culture day 3 and 7 (with t values of 21.50 and 12.95, respectively, P<0.05). On culture day 1, the number of dead ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was slightly more than that in non-printing group. On culture day 3 and 5, the majority of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group were living cells. On PID 4, the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group had more exudation, and the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry without obvious signs of infection. On PID 7, there was still a small amount of exudation on the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group, while the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry and scabbed. On PID 14, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups all fell off. On PID 21, a small area of wounds remained unhealed in hydrogel alone group. On PID 4 and 7, the wound healing rates of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05). On PID 14, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was significantly higher than the wound healing rates in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group (all P<0.05). On PID 21, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel alone group was significantly lower than that in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group (P<0.05). On PID 7, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups remained in place; on PID 14, the hydrogel in hydrogel alone group was separated from the wounds of rats, while some hydrogels still existed in the new tissue of the wounds of rats in the other three groups. On PID 21, the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group was out of order, while the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was relatively orderly. Conclusions: Silver-containing GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Its three-dimensional bioprinted double-layer structure can better integrate with new formed tissue in the full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats and promote wound healing.
Male ; Rats ; Animals ; Humans ; Hydrogels/pharmacology* ; Bioprinting ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silver/pharmacology* ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Objective:The current systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of interventions on depressive symptoms of informal caregivers of people with dementia in China and to provide evidences regarding protocols for the most effective interventions.Methods:A systematic literature search of Chinese and English databases was performed, covering randomized controlled trails published up to March 2019. The papers for final review were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed with RevMan 5.3, after a quality appraisal of the included studies.Results:A total of 17 papers were identified as eligible for descriptive analysis and 14 of the papers provided estimates for meta-analysis, with 991 participants. An overall mean reduction in depression was identified among the participants of intervention group, compared to those in the control group ( SMD value was -0.75, 95% CI -0.88 - -0.62, P<0.01). Psychotherapeutic ( SMD value was -0.59, 95% CI -0.78 - -0.40, P<0.01) and psychoeducational interventions ( SMD value was -0.84, 95% CI -1.02 - -0.67, P<0.01) showed significant reductions of depressive symptoms among the caregivers. In addition, Evidence exists for the effectiveness across from the short-term ( SMD value was -0.54, 95% CI -0.82 - -0.26, P<0.01), medium-term ( SMD value was -0.68, 95% CI -0.83 - -0.52, P<0.01) to the long-term interventions ( SMD value was -0.80, 95% CI -1.08 - -0.53, P<0.01). Conclusion:Interventions targeting to reduce depressive symptoms are effective among informal caregivers of persons with dementia in China. However, insufficient evidences are found regarding the most effective protocols and more high-quality studies are needed for the target population.

Objective To explore the effect of scenario simulation teaching method in the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for junior surgical residents. Methods 133 junior residents (working life<3 years) in the author's hospital rotating Cardiac Surgery department were selected and divided into control group (n=65) and observation group (n=68), in which the control group adopted traditional classroom teaching: teacher explanation-demonstration-student practice-teacher counseling; the observation group adopted scenario simulation teaching: teacher explanation-demonstration-student practice-teacher counseling scenario simulation. Before and after training, two groups both received the CPR theory and double operation assessment , comparing the difference of assessment scores between groups before and after training . Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups. The assessment scores of CPR theory and operation were improved in both groups after training, and there were significant differences (P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in the CPR theory and operation assessment scores between the two groups before training (P>0.05);compared with the scores of CPR operation between the two groups after training, the observation group [(84.62±3.94)] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(79.68±5.45)] and there were significant statistical differences (P=0.000), while there was no statistically significant difference in CPR theory assessment scores between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Both traditional classroom teaching and scenario simulation teaching methods could improve the CPR theory and skill level of the surgical junior resident, but situa tional simulation teaching method is better than traditional classroom teaching method in improving students' CPR performance.

Objective To examine the effect of a Caregiving Self-Management Support (C-SMS) Program on self-efficacy, social support for family caregivers of people with dementia and psychological symptom of patients. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, 41 caregivers of dementia patients were selected as the study objects from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Memory Disorders Outpatient Department of two ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Shanghai. They were divided into the experimental group(n=26) and control group(n=15) according to their willingness. Totally 4 participants in each of the two groups dropped out of the study in the middle. In the experimental group, a total of 6 times, once in 2 weeks social support group activities were carried out; in the control group, a total of 3 telephone instruction, once a month was carried out, all participants were distributed with the Caregiver Educational Booklet prepared by the research team and participated 3 education seminars during the follow-up visit. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers(SEQCFC) and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist(RMBPC) were used to compare the effect of intervention. Results The time effect of the total score of SEQCFC was significant (P＜ 0.01). There was a statistically significance in the interaction on social support score between groups and time (P＜ 0.05). After intervention and follow-up, the self-efficacy scores of family caregivers in the experimental group were higher than the baseline (P＜0.05). There were significant time effect in the total score of behavioral and psychological symptom behavioral symptoms, memory and depression related problems (P＜0.05). The total score of behavioral and psychological symptom, score of the disruptive behaviour dimension after follow-up visit, scores of the depression dimension after intervention and follow-up visit in the experimental group were all lower than the baseline (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The self-management support project of caregivers can improve the self-efficacy of family caregivers and alleviate the behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia patients.

Objective To build a model of self-management behavior for senile patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Clark's chronic disease self-regulation model aged CHF patients and to provide scientific evidence for formulating self-management interventions and plans for senile CHF patients. Methods Totally 881 CHF patients were investigated in 30 hospitals from 6 districts of Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2016. The statistical software AMOS 21.0 was used to conduct the path analysis, include various influencing factors, and build systematically an equation model demonstrating the internal mechanism of self-management behaviors. Results The score of self-management of aged CHF patients was (50.2±9.8). Self-concept, per capita income, heart function grading, avoidance as response, self-care ability, quality of life, resignation as response and education level were included into the multiple regression equation of self-management, and these variables accounted for 20.8% of the total variation. The structural equation model demonstrating the influencing factors of self-management for senile CHF patients fit better, and all path coefficients reached a significant level, suggesting that self-efficacy had only indirect effect on the self-management of senile CHF patients, while self-concept, per capita income, heart function grading, avoidance as response, self-care ability, quality of life, resignation as response and education level had both direct and indirect effect on their self-management. Conclusions The self-management of senile CHF patients remains at a medium and low level on the whole, and symptom management is the worst. This study has constructed a model demonstrating the internal mechanism of self-management behaviors in senile CHF patients, suggesting that medical staff should take targeted and systematic interventions according to the general condition of patients and their self-efficacy and self-concept to help improve their self-management level.

Objective To explore the correlation between the self-management and self-efficacy of senile patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods In this study, the conveninent sampling method was adopted. From June to December 2016, totally 416 senile CHF patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of 5 general class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Xi'an were investigated with the general demographic data questionnaire, self-management scale for CHF patients and chronic disease self-efficacy scale. Results The score of self-management in the senile CHF patients in Xi'an totaled (50.76±9.98), with a scoring rate of 63.5%; the scores of medication management, food and beverage management, psychological and social management and symptom management were (13.38±3.38), (7.89±2.14), (12.81±2.91) and (16.69±4.26), with the scoring rates of 66.9%, 65.8%, 64.1% and 59.6%, respectively, showing a medium level; and there was statistically significant difference in the total self-management score between patients with different marital status, per capita income and heart function grading (t=-2.443, 10.906, 16.229;P<0.05). The score of self-efficacy totaled (34.30±11.90), with a scoring rate of 57.17%, showing a medium level. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and self-management (r=0.161, P< 0.05). Conclusions The self-management and self-efficacy of the senile CHF patients in Xi'an remain at a medium level, which could be possibly improved, and the two are closely correlated. The results suggest that we should pay more attention to the patient's management confidence in the disease itself, attach importance to their psychological and social support and enhance their self-efficacy, thus improving their self-management. This is of great significance in controlling CHF and improving the patient's quality of life.

Objective To investigate the status of self-management in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Zhejiang province, and to explore the relationship between the self-management level and medical coping styles. Methods From March to September 2016, using the convenient sampling method, a total of 450 aged patients with chronic heart failure from 5 Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in 3 districts including Ningbo, Pinghu and Jiaxing of Zhejiang province, who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Department, were recruited as research subjects. The Self-Management Scale of Heart Failure Patients and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were applied in the investigation to carry out the correlation analysis. Results A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 437 valid questionnaires were collected. The Self-Management Scale of Heart Failure Patients in the 437 patients were (51.48±10.77) in total score, (18.90±3.10) in facing coping style, (16.12±2.18) in avoiding coping style and (11.85±1.82) in yielding coping style. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of self-management was positively correlated with facing coping style (r=0.303, P＜0.01), negatively correlated with yielding (r=-0.157, P＜0.01), and positively correlated with avoiding coping style (r=0.117, P＜0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that family monthly income, self-care ability and marriage were the main factors affecting self-management of patients with chronic heart failure. Conclusions Self-management level in patients with chronic heart failure in Zhejiang province is relatively low, and effected by family income, self-care ability, marriage and other factors. Nursing staff should understand different characteristics of different patients to provide personalized health education, improve their self management level, and promote the patients more actively face the disease, reduce and avoid negative medical coping.

Objective To study genotyping and molecular epidemiology distribution of GBS pathogenic strains of GBS positive pregnant women in Guangzhou,for GBS pathogenic strains of rapid molecular diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance pro-vide certain theoretical basis and method.Methods In the Guangzhou area,used multi stage stratified sampling method col-lecting GBS positive pregnant women’s reproductive tract specimens from January to December 2015,drug sensitivity quality control standard strains:Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619)and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923),took culture of bacterial,strain,identification,DNA extraction,PCR,gene detection method,through the relevant software for data analy-sis,analyzed GBS strains of gene and molecular epidemiology.Results In the study,collected 2 812 samples of secretions,af-ter identification of strains isolated from 178 strains of pathogenic GBS strains,the detection rate was 6.33%.GBS patho-genic strains to linezolid vancomycin,penicillin,nitrfurantion and other antimicrobial drug resistance rate was 0,GBS parho-genic strains to ampicillin,ciprfloxacin moxifloxacin and levofloxacintesistant parts,the restance rates were 1.1%,16.9%, 18.0% and 22.5%,but GBS pathogenic strains to erythromycin,clindamycin tetracydine antibiotics showed a high resistance rate,the resistance rates were 50.6%,47.8%(of which 20 cases of erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance accouted for 23.5%)and 73.0%.Among them,65 strains of GBS detected the mreA gene,56 strains of GBS detected the ermB gene,36 strains of GBS detected the mefA gene,28 strains of GBS detected the mefE gene,5 strains of GBS detected the ermA gene, ermC gene was not detected in the gene.Among them,carried five multidrug resistance gene of 3 strains (1.6 9%)and 4 kinds of resistant gene carried with 15 strains (8.43%),carried three resistance genes of 19 strains (10.67%),2 kinds of resistant gene carrying a 25 strains (14.04%),carried the resistance gene of 5 strains (2.81%),did not carry resistance gene of 1 strain (0.56%).The nucleotide sequences of the five drug resistance genes were 100%,and no gene mutation oc-curred.Conclusion The main GBS disease resistant gene was mreA,ermA,ermB,mrfA,mefE and its nucleotide sequence homology was 100%.The clinical need to strengthen the detection of resistant gene and molecular level and guide clinical more scientific and rational drug use.

Objective To investigate the status of self-management of elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Xinjiang Region,and to explore the effects of different demographic factors on self-management.Methods A total of 704 patients with chronic heart failure were randomly selected from Urumqi,Kashgar,Khotan,Changji,Shihezi,Yili Hazakh in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region via convenience sampling method and were investigated using heart failure self-management scale.Results The total score of self-management of chronic heart failure elderly patients was(47.6±11.1) and scoring rate was 59.5％.There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.01) in self-management score among patients with different ethnicity,religion,self-care ability,per capita income.The influencing factors of self-management were self-care ability,NYHA class and per capita monthly income(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall level of self-management of elderly patients with chronic heart failure in Xinjiang Region is low,and self-management is affected by self-care ability,NYHA class and per capita monthly income.Tailored culture-based education should be provided to improve patients' self-management.