In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.

Objective:To explore the impacts of dexmedetomidine combined with dizosin on sciatic nerve-femoral nerve block and blood glucose in diabetes foot patients undergoing surgery.Methods:A total of 120 diabetes foot patients underwent surgery who were admitted to Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2022 were selected as the research objects. The anesthesia method was sciatic nerve block-femoral nerve block, and were randomly grouped into the control group (60 cases) and the observation group (60 cases). The control group was treated with diazosin, while the observation group was treated with dexmedetomidine combined with diazosin. The effects of sciatic nerve block and femoral nerve block, and blood glucose level were compared between the two groups.Results:The VAS scores at T1, T2 and T3 in the two groups were obviously lower than those at T0, and the VAS scores in the observation group were obviously lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The onset time of motor nerve block and sensory nerve block in the observation group was obviously lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The maintenance time of motor nerve and sensory nerve in the observation group was obviously higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with T0, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in T1, T2 and T3 time periods in the two groups were obviously lower, and the observation group were obviously lower than the control group ( P<0.05) ; The observation group had no significant difference compared with the control group in terms of the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine combined with dizosin can effectively relieve pain, improve nerve function block, and maintain the stability of hemodynamics in diabetes foot patients undergoing surgery.

Objective:To explore the reasons for delayed medical treatment in diabetic foot patients using the health ecology model as a framework.Methods:From November of 2021 to March of 2022, descriptive phenomenological research methods was used in 20 patients with diabetic foot who delayed medical treatment were interviewed face-to-face semi-structured in depth, and the data analysis was carried out using the seven-step method of Colaizzi phenomenology to refine the theme.Results:According to the five levels of the health ecology model, the reasons for delayed medical treatment were summarized into 11 themes, and the reasons for the personal trait layer included foot ulcers are not detected promptly, and the perceptual decline of advanced patients. Behavioral characteristics included lack of knowledge of diabetic foot, negative medical psychology. Reasons for the interpersonal network included insufficient family support and lack of social support; reasons for living and working conditions included high economic pressure, low electronic health literacy, and inconvenient medical treatment; the reasons for the policy environment included uneven medical insurance reimbursement ratios and limited medical conditions.Conclusions:The reason for the delay in seeking medical treatment for diabetic foot patients is multi-layered and systematic, and medical staff need to improve the self-management ability of diabetic patients′ feet from the individual level, and also need to guide patients from the system level on how to obtain the best medical resources.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive de novo stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 339 patients with ER-positive de novo stage Ⅳ breast cancer treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM from February 2010 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Related factors such as age, time of chief complaint, the clinical T/N stage, site of metastasis, expressions of molecular markers and treatment mode were included. Univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression model were used to analyze the effects of prognostic factors on patients' overall survival (OS).Results:Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the OS of patients stratified by clinical N stage at first diagnosis, metastasis sites at first diagnosis, ER expression, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, Ki-67 positive index and p53 expression, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy at first diagnosis, surgery and radiotherapy of the primary lesions (all P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that metastasis sites at first diagnosis, Ki-67 positive index, surgery and radiotherapy of the primary lesions were all independent influencing factors of OS for breast cancer patients (all P < 0.01). Conclusions:Patients with ER-positive de novo stage Ⅳ breast cancer have a good prognosis when they have oligometastasis, Ki-67 positive index ≤ 20%, and they receive surgery and radiotherapy of the primary lesions.

The low-frequency oscillation of electroencephalography can reflect the process of brain neuron remodeling. This article reviews the basic principles of neurobiology, measurement and analysis methods of delta (0.5-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) low-frequency oscillatory activities and their clinical applications in post-stroke motor, cognitive and language functions, and discusses the possibility of their clinical research and conversion application in the field of stroke rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the evaluation dimensions and indicators of research hospital, provide empirical evidence for the construction of research hospital.Methods:Non-probability sampling was adopted, physicians from 9 hospitals in Shanghai that have a National Clinical Medical Research Center or Shanghai Clinical Medical Research Center were invited as survey participants. The physician participants were divided into senior and junior groups. For senior group, a questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 21 indicators was provided. The survey participants were consulted to determine whether the indicators can be used to measure this dimension, and also invited to propose additional dimensions and indicators for improvement.For junior group, two open questions were proposed to explore their needs of support in both clinical service and research.Results:Based on suggestions from the research participants, the research team, and other expert consultant, this article tried to propose 5 dimensions and 21 indicators for evaluating research hospitals. Among them, 11 were indicators compiled by the research team based on the literature review and agreed by more than 2/3 of senior physicians surveyed, while others were proposed based on the survey results. The research team planned to use the entropy method to determine the weights of different indicators, thus, the participants were not required to make judgments on the weights of dimensions and indicators.Conclusions:The evaluation of research hospitals has not yet formed a systematic consensus. Through the exploration and establishment of evaluation dimensions and indicators, identify hospitals that are closer to the development goals of research hospitals can provide a basis for future next-step practices.

Objective:To evaluate the meaning and value of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Methods:In this study,48 patients (unilateral hand)with CTS were analyzed.The thickness of transverse carpal ligaments at the pisiform bone was measured using high-fre-quency ultrasound.Open carpal tunnel release procedure was performed in the 48 CTS patients,and the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments at the hamate hook bone measured using vernier caliper under di-rect vision.The accuracy of thickness of transverse carpal ligaments was evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound.High-frequency ultrasound measurement of thickness of transverse carpal ligaments at the ha-mate hook bone and pisiform bone,and determination of the diagnostic threshold measurement index using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve,sensitivity and specificity were performed and the correlation between the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments and nerve conduction study (NCS)ana-lyzed.Results:The thickness of transverse carpal ligaments in the CTS patients were (0.42 ±0.08)cm (high-frequency ultrasound)and (0.41 ±0.06)cm (operation)at hamate hook bone,and there was no significant difference between the two ways (t =0.672,P>0.05 ).The optimal cut-off value of the transverse carpal ligaments at hamate hook bone was 0.385 cm,the sensitivity 0.775,and the specificity 0.788.The optimal cut-off value of the transverse carpal ligaments at the pisiform bone was 0.315 cm, the sensitivity 0.950,and the specificity 1 .000.The transverse carpal ligaments thickness and wrist-in-
dex finger sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV),wrist-middle finger SCV showed a negative correla-tion.Conclusion:High frequency ultrasound measurements of thickness of transverse carpal ligaments is a valuable method for the diagnosis of CTS.

Objective To investigate the number changes of the ribbon synapses(RS) in the inner hair cell of C57BL/6J mice with age .Methods The cochlear basilar membrane was obtained from C57BL/6J mice in 2 ,6 ,10 , 12 months old .RIBEYE on the presynaptic membrane and AMPA receptor on the postsynaptic membrane were double labeled by immunofluorescence histochemical technique .The stained sections were observed under a confocal laser-scanning microscope .Then the number of RS of the basilar membrane was calculated by three dimensional reconstruction images using 3DS max software .Results The numbers of RS reduced gradually from the cochlear a‐pex to base in the same developing stages .The numbers of RS in apex and middle turn of cochlea were gradually re‐duced with the age increasing .The number of RS in basilar turn reduced first and increased slowly then .Conclusion The decreases of the number of RS maybe the main pathological change at the early stage of presbycusis .In addi‐tion ,there may be a kind of compensatory mechanism by increaseing the number of RS to delay the hearing deficits .

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Transplantation Chimera ; Transplantation, Homologous

Host genetic, environmental and viral factors are classified as three categories that determine clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The objective of this study was to detect the associations between polymorphisms rs346473 and rs346482 in Rho GTPase-activating protein 24 (ARHGAP24) gene and disease progression of HBV infection in Han Chinese population. These two SNPs were found by our DNA pooling using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human Mapping SNP6.0 Array in HBV carriers, and verified by using TaqMan 7900HT Sequence Detection System with 758 progressed HBV carriers versus 300 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC) in a discovery phase and 971 progressed HBV carriers versus 328 AsC in a replication phase. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that individuals with genotype TT at variant rs346473 displayed remarkable correlations with disease progression of HBV infection both in the discovery phase (OR, 2.693; 95% CI, 1.928-3.760; P=6.2×10(-9); additive model) and the replication phase (OR, 1.490; 95% CI, 1.104-2.012; P=9.0×10(-3); additive model). These two SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium with D'=0.99 and r (2)=0.951, and haplotype TT disclosed an increased susceptibility to HBV progression (OR, 1.980; 95% CI, 1.538-2.545; P=8.1×10(-8)). These findings suggest that polymorphism rs346473 in the ARHGAP24 gene might be a part of the genetic variants underlying the susceptibility of HBV carriers to disease progression.