ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum uric acid/albumin ratio (sUAR) for acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac valve surgery.Methods:The clinical data of adult patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2021 to December 2021 from the Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital were collected retrospectively, and the sUAR was calculated. All patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred within 7 days after cardiac valve surgery, and the differences of clinical data between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent correlation factors of AKI after cardiac valve surgery. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of relevant indicators.Results:A total of 422 patients were enrolled, including 194 females (46.0%), 141 hypertension patients (33.4%) and 172 atrial fibrillation patients (40.8%). They were 57 (50, 65) years old. Their sUAR was 8.13 (6.57, 9.54) μmol/g, and hemoglobin was 135 (125, 145) g/L. There were 142 cases in AKI group and 280 cases in non-AKI group, and the incidence of AKI after cardiac valve surgery was 33.6%. Age, atrial fibrillation rate, baseline serum creatinine, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide, serum urea,serum uric acid, blood glucose and sUAR were higher in the AKI group than those in the non-AKI group (all P<0.05), and estimated glomerular filtration rate, lymphocyte count,hemoglobin and serum albumin were lower in the AKI group than those in the non-AKI group (all P<0.05). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time of patients in the AKI group was slightly longer than that in the non-AKI group, but the difference was not statistically significant [159 (125, 192) min vs. 151 (122, 193) min, Z=-0.797, P=0.426], and there were no statistically significant differences in other indicators between the two groups. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sUAR ( OR=1.467, 95% CI 1.308-1.645, P<0.001), age ( OR=1.045, 95% CI 1.020-1.072, P<0.001), atrial fibrillation ( OR=2.520, 95% CI 1.580-4.020, P<0.001), hemoglobin ( OR=0.984, 95% CI 0.971-0.997, P=0.015) were the independent correlation factors. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve ( AUC) of sUAR predicting AKI after cardiac valve surgery was 0.710 (95% CI 0.659-0.760, P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 45.0% for the sUAR cut-off point of 7.28 μmol/g. The AUC for the diagnosis of AKI after cardiac valve surgery was 0.780 (95% CI 0.734-0.825, P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 72.5% and specificity of 71.8% for the combination of sUAR with age, hemoglobin and atrial fibrillation. Conclusions:For patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, preoperative high sUAR is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI, and sUAR has a certain predictive value for postoperative AKI.

Objective:To explore the application effect of ketamine and remifentanil in pediatric ophthalmic laryngeal mask placement general anesthesia surgery.Methods:A total of 68 children who underwent ophthalmic laryngeal mask placement general anesthesia surgery in Zhangjiakou Fourth Hospital from July 2020 to May 2023 were prospectively selected and they were randomly separated into a ketamine group (34 cases, anesthesia with ketamine combined with propofol) and a remifentanil group (34 cases, propofol combined with remifentanil). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2) of the two groups were compared at before anesthesia (T 1), after anesthesia (T 2), intraoperative 5 min (T 3), intraoperative 20 min (T 4) and after surgery (T 5). Meantime, the satisfaction with anesthesia among the surgeons, perioperative adverse reactions, surgical duration, recovery time and time to transfer out of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were compared between the two groups. Results:The MAP and HR of the remifentanil group at T 2 to T 4 were lower than before anesthesia, MAP: (72.83 ± 8.25), (74.18 ± 8.57) and (74.49 ± 9.13) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (76.26 ± 9.51) mmHg; HR: (83.21 ± 6.63), (85.18 ± 7.06) and (86.81 ± 7.53) times/min vs. (89.72 ± 7.46) times/min ( P< 0.05), while the MAP and HR of the ketamine group at T 2 to T 5 were higher than before anesthesia, MAP: (81.67 ± 9.31), (85.06 ± 11.25), (86.34 ± 11.56) and (87.51 ± 9.30) mmHg vs. (77.58 ± 10.22) mmHg; HR: (95.04 ± 9.78), (97.60 ± 8.24), (98.64 ± 10.47) and (100.21 ± 8.56) times/min vs. (88.53 ± 9.15) times/min ( P<0.05), there was no difference in SpO 2 in the two groups between T 2 to T 5 and T 1 ( P>0.05), while the MAP and HR of the remifentanil group were lower than those of the ketamine group at T 2 to T 5, MAP: (72.83 ± 8.25) mmHg vs. (81.67 ± 9.31) mmHg, (74.18 ± 8.57) mmHg vs. (85.06 ± 11.25) mmHg, (74.49 ± 9.13) mmHg vs. (86.34 ± 11.56) mmHg, (75.38 ± 8.96) mmHg vs. (87.51 ± 9.30) mmHg; HR: (83.21 ± 6.63) times/min vs. (95.04 ± 9.78) times/min, (85.18 ± 7.06) times/min vs. (97.60 ± 8.24) times/min, (86.81 ± 7.53) times/min vs. (98.64 ± 10.47) times/min, (88.45 ± 9.51) times/min vs. (100.21 ± 8.56) times/min ( P<0.05), there was no difference in T 2 to T 5 SpO 2 between the two groups ( P>0.05); the satisfaction with anesthesia among the surgeons in the remifentanil group was higher than that in the ketamine group: 82.35% (28/34) vs. 58.82% (20/34), and the incidence of perioperative adverse reactions was lower than that in the ketamine group: 11.76% (4/34) vs. 32.35% (11/34); the surgical time, recovery time, and time to transfer out of PACU in the remifentanil group were all shorter than those in the ketamine group: (48.26 ± 9.54) min vs. (56.32 ± 11.86) min, (13.84 ± 4.12) min vs. (18.36 ± 5.08) min, (21.50 ± 6.14) min vs. (27.98 ± 8.62) min ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with ketamine, remifentanil has a better effect in pediatric ophthalmic laryngeal mask placement general anesthesia surgery, which is more conducive to stabilizing the cardiovascular system during surgery, reducing the occurrence of adverse reactions such as perioperative restlessness, and shortening the surgical time and recovery time.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of miR-9 and miR-195-3p for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), and the changes in miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels after interventional therapy.Methods:A total of 123 cases of PHC patients and 30 cases of liver cirrhosis patients attending Tangshan People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the PHC group and the liver cirrhosis group, respectively, and 50 people who were physically healthy during the same period were selected as the healthy group. Serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The relationship between serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels and clinical-pathological characteristics of PHC patients was analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of miR-9 and miR-195-3p for PHC. The changes in serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels in PHC patients before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were compared.Results:There were statistically significant differences in serum miR-9 (0.99±0.10, 1.31±0.28, 1.68±0.43) and miR-195-3p (0.97±0.10, 0.83±0.22, 0.63±0.18) levels among the healthy group, liver cirrhosis group, and PHC group ( F=69.78, P<0.001; F=74.82, P<0.001), with serum miR-9 levels increased successively and miR-195-3p levels decreased successively among the three groups (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum miR-9 ( t=7.45, P<0.001; t=5.32, P<0.001; t=4.96, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p ( t=16.17, P<0.001; t=4.21, P<0.001; t=7.53, P<0.001) levels in PHC patients with different maximum diameters of tumor, clinical stages and degrees of differentiation. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the combined differential diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and PHC by serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p testing was 0.919, which was higher than the AUC for the differential diagnosis of serum miR-9 (AUC: 0.712, Z=4.38, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p (AUC: 0.844, Z=2.04, P=0.042) alone. After TACE treatment, serum miR-9 levels decreased (1.39±0.21 vs. 1.68±0.43, t=14.22, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p levels increased (0.78±0.22 vs. 0.63±0.18, t=14.84, P<0.001) in patients compared to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion:Serum miR-9 level is increased and miR-195-3p level is decreased in patients with PHC compared with patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects, and the combination of the two has high differential diagnostic efficacy for liver cirrhosis and PHC. After TACE treatment, serum miR-9 level is decreased and miR-195-3p level is increased in PHC patients.

Objective To construct models of viral transfection and hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cellular injury in adult mouse cardiomyocytes(AMCMs)isolated using a non-Langendorff method.Methods AMCMs were isolated,extracted,sedimented,and plated using a non-Langendorff method.The morphology and survival rate of the isolated cells were evaluated 2,24,48 and 72 h after plating,and their integrity was observed by immunofluorescence staining for α-actinin.The isolated AMCMs were infected with adenoviruses carrying an RFP-expressing vector and fluorescence images were obtained at 36 and 48 h post-infection and used to calculate transfection efficiency.The cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 45 min,reoxygenated for 24 h,and then stained with propidium iodide(PI)to verify establishment of the hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model.Results The survival rates of AMCMs at 2,24 and 48 h after plating were comparable,but survival was significantly reduced at 72 h.The integrity of the AMCMs was good and＞80%of the cells were transfected with adenovirus at 48 h.After hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment,42%of cells were stained by PI,suggesting successful establishment of the AMCM injury model.Conclusions In this study,we developed a non-Langendorff method for the fast and easy isolation of AMCMs with high cell viability.The isolated cells can be efficiently infected with adenovirus and respond to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.These findings provide a systematic method for isolating AMCMs and for applying gene modification and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in these cells.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics and explore the molecular mechanism of Honghua oral liquid （HOL） in relieving neuropathic pain （NP）. MethodHealthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， low-， medium-， high-dose （0.5， 1.0， 2.0 mL·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） HOL groups， and a positive drug （pregabalin， 25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， with 6 rats in each group. Spinal nerve ligation （SNL） of L5 was conducted in other groups except the sham group. Drug administration was performed 3 days after the SNL surgery for 2 consecutive weeks， and samples were collected after the end of the administration. During the treatment period， the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold were determined to measure the pain-relieving effect of HOL. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on hippocampal tissue samples from the sham， model， and high-dose HOL groups， and differentially expressed genes between the sham group and the model group as well as the model group and HOL high-dose group were obtained. After pathway enrichment analysis， we selected the targets which were closely related to neuroinflammation for validation， and predicted the specific binding sites of the major active components in HOL with the targets through molecular docking. In addition， the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） to evaluate the effect of HOL on neuroinflammation in NP rats. ResultCompared with the sham group， SNL decreased the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， HOL recovered the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold （P<0.05）. The transcriptome data showed that 376 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified between the model group and the sham group， including 124 upregulated genes and 252 downregulated genes， and 194 DEGs between the model group and the high-dose HOL group， including 33 upregulated genes and 161 downregulated genes. Among them， insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF1）， matrix metallopeptidase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metallopeptidase-14 （MMP-14）， erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 （ERBB2）， and integrin subunit alpha 5 （ITGA5） associated with NP were selected for further validation. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） results showed that compared with the sham group， the modeling up-gurelated the mRNA levels of the above five molecules in the hippocampus （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， HOL down-regulated the mRNA levels of these molecules （P<0.01）. The molecular docking results showed that the main active components of safflower， hydroxysafflor yellow A， kaempferol， and quercetin， formed stable hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of IGF1， MMP-2， MMP-14， ERBB2， and ITGA5. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） results showed that compared with those in the sham group， the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were out of balance in the model rats （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HOL lowered the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α （P<0.01） and elevated that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHOL exerts analgesic effect on SNL rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Objective    To evaluate the learning curve of CT-guided medical glue localization for pulmonary nodule before video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Methods    The clinical data of the patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent CT-guided medical glue localization before VATS in our hospital from July 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups: a group A (from July 2018 to August 2019), a group B (from September 2019 to June 2020) and a group C (from July 2020 to March 2021). The localization time, morbidity, complete resection rate and other indexes were compared among the three groups. Results    A total of 77 patients were enrolled, including 24 males and 53 females aged 57.4±10.1 years. There were 25 patients in the group A, 21 patients in the group B, and 31 patients in the group C. 77 pulmonary nodules were localized. There was no significant difference among the groups in the basic data (P>0.05). The localization time in the group C was 10.6±2.0 min, which was statistically shorter than that in the group A (15.4±4.4 min) and group B (12.9±4.3 min) (P<0.01). The incidence of complications in the group C was lower than that in the group A and group B (25.8% vs. 52.0% vs. 47.6%, P=0.04). The success rate of localization of the three groups was not statistically different (P=0.12). Conclusion    There is a learning curve in CT-guided medical glue localization for single pulmonary nodule before VATS. After the first 46 cases, the operation time can be shortened, and the incidence of complications can be decreased.

Connectome/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Head ; Brain Mapping/methods* ; Nerve Net