Objective: To compare the effects of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) , seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous regressors (SARIMAX) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) models in predicting the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Monthly incidence data of HFMD in Kunming City from 2010 to 2019 were collected. SARIMA, SARIMAX and LSTM models were established using the monthly incidence of HFMD from 2010 to 2018 to predict the monthly incidence of HFMD from January to December 2019. The prediction performance of the three models was compared using mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The optimal prediction model was selected based on the principle of minimizing MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE. Results: The HFMD cases were reported every month in Kunming City from 2010 to 2019, with the incidence fluctuating between 188.27/105 and 363.15/105. The disease exhibited a biennial high-incidence bimodal distribution. Among the four evaluation indicators for the training and testing sets, the LSTM model had the smaller values: MSE was 63.182 and 102.745, RMSE was 7.949 and 10.136, MAE was 6.535 and 7.620, and MAPE was 46.726% and 31.138%. The LSTM model performed the better, followed by the SARIMA model, while the SARIMAX model had the relatively poorest performance. Conclusion The LSTM model outperforms the SARIMA and SARIMAX models in predicting the incidence of HFMD.

The residual pelvic floor cavity formed by laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer can result in some complications, such as spread of pelvic infection following anastomotic leakage, adhesive intestinal obstruction, and may increase the probability of radiation intestinal injury in case of postoperative radiotherapy. Reconstructing the pelvic floor can prevent the small intestine from entering the residual cavity, reduce the risk of intestinal obstruction and radiation induced intestinal injury; prevent or reduce the occurrence and severity of anastomotic leakage. Reconstructing the pelvic floor can also improve the anal function after low anterior resection to a certain extent and enhance the quality of life of patients. Direct suturing of the pelvic floor peritoneum and pedicled greater omentum flap graft transplantation are currently two commonly used pelvic floor reconstruction methods, which are relatively simple to operate, easy to promote, and worthy of routine application.

Mammalian teeth,developing inseparable from epithelial-mesenchymal interaction,come in many shapes and the key factors governing tooth morphology deserve to be answered.By merging single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with lineage tracing models,we have unearthed a captivating correlation between the contrasting morphology of mouse molars and the specific presence of PRX1+cells within M1.These PRX1+cells assume a profound responsibility in shaping tooth morphology through a remarkable divergence in dental mesenchymal cell proliferation.Deeper into the mechanisms,we have discovered that Wnt5a,bestowed by mesenchymal PRX1+cells,stimulates mesenchymal cell proliferation while orchestrating molar morphogenesis through WNT signaling pathway.The loss of Wnt5a exhibits a defect phenotype similar to that of siPrx1.Exogenous addition of WNT5A can successfully reverse the inhibited cell proliferation and consequent deviant appearance exhibited in Prx1-deficient tooth germs.These findings bestow compelling evidence of PRX1-positive mesenchymal cells to be potential target in regulating tooth morphology.

Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Odontogenesis ; Signal Transduction ; Tooth/metabolism* ; Humans

In growing children, growth plate cartilage has limited self-repair ability upon fracture injury always leading to limb growth arrest. Interestingly, one type of fracture injuries within the growth plate achieve amazing self-healing, however, the mechanism is unclear. Using this type of fracture mouse model, we discovered the activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the injured growth plate, which could activate chondrocytes in growth plate and promote cartilage repair. Primary cilia are the central transduction mediator of Hh signaling. Notably, ciliary Hh-Smo-Gli signaling pathways were enriched in the growth plate during development. Moreover, chondrocytes in resting and proliferating zone were dynamically ciliated during growth plate repair. Furthermore, conditional deletion of the ciliary core gene Ift140 in cartilage disrupted cilia-mediated Hh signaling in growth plate. More importantly, activating ciliary Hh signaling by Smoothened agonist (SAG) significantly accelerated growth plate repair after injury. In sum, primary cilia mediate Hh signaling induced the activation of stem/progenitor chondrocytes and growth plate repair after fracture injury.
Mice ; Animals ; Hedgehog Proteins/genetics* ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism* ; Cilia/metabolism* ; Cartilage/metabolism* ; Regeneration

Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play an essential function during tooth and skeletal development. PRX1⁺ cells constitute an important MSC subtype that is implicated in osteogenesis. However, their potential function in tooth development and regeneration remains elusive. In the present study, we first assessed the cell fate of PRX1⁺ cells during molar development and periodontal ligament (PDL) formation in mice. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed to study the distribution of PRX1⁺ cells in PDL cells. The behavior of PRX1⁺ cells during PDL reconstruction was investigated using an allogeneic transplanted tooth model. Although PRX1⁺ cells are spatial specific and can differentiate into almost all types of mesenchymal cells in first molars, their distribution in third molars is highly limited. The PDL formation is associated with a high number of PRX1⁺ cells; during transplanted teeth PDL reconstruction, PRX1⁺ cells from the recipient alveolar bone participate in angiogenesis as pericytes. Overall, PRX1⁺ cells are a key subtype of dental MSCs involved in the formation of mouse molar and PDL and participate in angiogenesis as pericytes during PDL reconstruction after tooth transplantation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Mice ; Molar ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Periodontal Ligament

With the development of minimally invasive surgery and the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, the postoperative recovery of colorectal surgery was improved dramatically. Ambulatory colorectal surgery is gradually realized in this situation. In 2009, the first report of ambulatory colorectal surgery was published. And the results of several cohorts published in past 3 years showed that about one-third colorectal patients are the appropriate candidates of ambulatory colorectal surgery. Proper eligibility criteria, application of advanced minimally invasive surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery protocol, in combination with effective and strict complication surveillance and follow up after discharge, are the key points for the realization of successful ambulatory colorectal surgery. On the basis of reviewing and analyzing the history and current situation of daytime colorectal surgery, this paper will summarize the key point of daytime colorectal for clinical reference.

Accurate determination of intestinal viability is the key step in the management of acute mesenteric ischemia. For patients with the possibility of intestinal necrosis, the application of laparoscopy for the primary exploration or second look, is significantly less invasive than laparotomy, so to avoid the unnecessary operative trauma for those with negative results. For critical patients, application of bed-side laparoscopy, with the avoidance of risks during transport process, is an effective and safer diagnostic method. And the combination with intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography may further improve the reliability of exploration so to result in more precise surgical management for these severe situation. So in the era of endovascular management for acute mesenteric ischemia, as an mimmally invasive and precise method for accurate determination of existence or not of intestinal necrosis, laparoscopy is effective in further improving the outcome of these patients.

With the dramatically development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially the advent of deep learning, now it can be applied to medicine reliably and efficiently. In the field of colorectal surgery, the application of AI has resulted in profound affect. The detection of colon polyp and assessment of invasiveness depth of colorectal cancer were improved by AI-assisted colonoscopy. Based on the routine data from medical imaging, demographic and clinicopathological parameters, AI may provide more accurate predictions about prognosis, surgical complication and outcome, so to help decision making and perioperative management. And the advent of real intelligent operative robot will make automatic operation possible in the future. The application of AI will improve the development of colorectal surgery significantly and make it more precise, effective and intelligent.

In recent decade, based on the generalization of minimally invasive surgery, new techniques, such as single incision laparoscopic surgery(SILS), transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) and natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) were introduced to the clinical practice, especially in colorectal surgery. As an revolutionary evolution, these new techniques resulted in a further decreased iatrogenic trauma, shorter incision and better cosmetic effect. These techniques brought an entirely new outlook of concurrent surgery, and can be called the next-generation minimally invasive surgery. On the other hand, due to the evolution of these techniques, the difficulties were also improved, and some traditional operative procedures were eradicated. So the safety and efficacy of these techniques become well-concerned since the day of them appeared, especially the oncological safety when they were applied in the management of colorectal cancer. To date, the existed practice provide a preliminary evidence, and further high level evidence-based medical researches are essential.