Dental and facial esthetics is an essential part of modern stomatology. With the development of science and technology and the advancement of interdisciplinary studies, the research of robot technology in the field of dental and facial esthetics is becoming more extensive, and its clinical applications are gradually increasing. This article provides insights into the research and application of robot technology in dental hard tissue esthetics, periodontal soft tissue esthetics, dentition space esthetics, and maxillofacial esthetics. It also highlights the current limitations and development trends and provides references for future research and application of robots in oral esthetics.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of and participation in Healthy City construction among residents in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into promotion of participation in Healthy City construction. Methods: Residents at ages of 15 to 75 years were sampled using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method, from 30 townships in Jianggan, Xiaoshan and Tonglu counties of Hangzhou City from November 2019 to July 2020, and a questionnaire survey of 10 representative projects pertaining to Healthy City construction in Hangzhou City was performed to investigate the awareness of and participation in Healthy City construction. Results: A total of 5 559 questionnaires were allocated, and 5 211 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.74%. The respondents had a mean age of ( 43.82±17.25 ) years, and included 2 280 males ( 43.75% ) and 2 931 females ( 56.25% ). The overall standardized awareness and participation rates of Healthy City construction were 81.73% and 48.58% among the respondents. The projects with the three highest awareness included healthy environment improvements ( 92.67% ), travelling by public transportation ( 92.22% ) and tobacco control action ( 91.04% ), while the projects with the three lowest awareness included chronic disease management ( 75.57% ), maternal and child healthcare ( 72.73% ) and “Healthy Cell” Program ( 45.56% ). The projects with the three highest participation rates included travelling by public transportation ( 74.59% ), healthy environment improvements ( 65.17% ), tobacco control action ( 61.52% ), while the projects with the three lowest participation rate included chronic disease management ( 35.92% ), “Healthy Cell” Program ( 34.96% ) and maternal and child healthcare ( 33.20% ). Conclusions The overall proportion of participation in Healthy City construction is low among residents in Hangzhou City, and notably, the awareness rate of and the proportion of participation in chronic disease management, maternal and child healthcare and “Healthy cell” Program are both low.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic and progressive arterial disease. It is an important cause of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), TCM has many advantages in the therapy of AS, with less adverse reactions. Studies have shown that TCM can resist AS, and the mechanism mainly belongs to regulating lipid metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, and protecting the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism of TCM for AS is warranted to be studied systematically, and the chemical components need to be further clarified.

Objective:To explore the attitude and behavior of scientific research in professional postgraduates majoring in stomatology in Peking University, proposing suggestions to improve the quality of scientific research training.Methods:150 professional postgraduates of stomatology including the 8-year program stomatological students (the postgraduate stage) of Peking University School of Stomatology were involved in the survey, information including the types of and attitudes to scientific research, the evaluation of research environments, the understanding of the relationship with their mentors, and the expected working institutions after graduation was collected by questionnaires.Results:A total number of 131 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 87.3%. In terms of the type of research work, 70 (53.4%) were engaged in basic research and 30 (22.9%) in clinical research. In terms of attitudes towards scientific research training, 69 (52.7%) respondents agreed that scientific research and clinical practice promoted each other. The Likert scores of scientific research interest, ability, and pressure were 3.13 ± 0.84, 3.04 ± 0.84, and 4.14±0.71. The evaluation of laboratory conditions (3.30±0.92), scientific research funding (3.54±1.06), scientific research atmosphere (3.89±0.85), and reward and punishment mechanisms (3.82±0.76) were positive. The evaluations of scientific research training courses (2.89±0.88) and scientific training time (2.79±0.94) were negative. The average score of the rapport level between postgraduates and their mentors was 4.29±0.77, and 111 respondents (84.7%) had a correct understanding of the guiding relationship. Sixty-six respondents (50.4%) expected to engage in clinical and scientific research in stomatological schools and 61 (46.6%) expected to engage in clinical work only, after graduation.Conclusions:The scientific research for graduate students of stomatology in Peking University is mainly basic research, and the research pressure is relatively high. It is recommended to choose research topics in combination with clinical practice, clarify the significance of scientific research, optimize the scientific research environment and facilities, strengthen the tailored guidance of mentors, and to fulfill the " holistic training (Three All-round Education)" in professional postgraduate training.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of NB4 cells.Methods The NB4 cells were treated with different concentrations of artesunate and arsenic trioxide respectively for 48 h.The cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,artesunate group,arsenic trioxide group,and the combination of artesunate and arsenic trioxide group.The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot.Results The MTT results showed that compared with the control group,the proliferation inhibition rates of 0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,4.00 μmol/L artesunate group (19.26％ ± 3.59％,36.53％ ± 2.67％,61.32％ ± 2.50％,70.30％ ± 3.15％,86.92 ± 0.02％) significantly increased (P＜0.05);the proliferation inhibition rates of 1,2,4,8,16 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group (12.69％ ± 2.43％,64.26％ ± 2.02％,85.10％ ± 2.67％,92.06％ ± 2.21％,93.67％ ± 3.36％) significantly increased (P＜0.05);and the proliferation inhibition rate (40.17％ ± 5.49％ vs.32.23％ ± 3.52％) of combination of artesunate and arsenic trioxide group significantly higher than the arsenic trioxide group (P＜0.05).Compared with the arsenic trioxide group,the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells (74.20％ ± 1.43％ vs.66.14％ ± 1.78％),the apoptosis rate (58.00％ ± 2.41％ vs.34.57％ ± 1.22％),and the expression level of Bax protein (1.35 ± 0.09 vs.1.13 ± 0.09) in the combination of artesunate and arsenic trioxide group significantly increased (P＜0.05),the expression level of Bcl-2 protein (0.45 ± 0.09 vs.1.03 ± 0.10) in the combination of artesunate and arsenic trioxide group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Artesunate can significantly enhance the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide on NB4 cells.The possible mechanism of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of NB4 cells by artesunate combined with arsenic trioxide may be related to reduce the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase the expression of apoptotic protein Bax.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of Kangai injection combined with CTF chemotherapy in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Methods A total of 60 women diagnosed with breast cancer who were admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group by randomized methods. The control group received a new assistant with CTF. In the chemotherapy group, the patients in the observation group were treated with Kangai injection combined with CTF neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the clinical treatment total effective rate, gastrointestinal reaction, abnormal liver function, abnormal renal function, alopecia, thrombocytopenia and other adverse reactions occurrence in the two groups and the quality of life before and after treatment served as a basis for comparison. Results ①The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0. 05);②The occurrence of adverse reactions to hair loss and thrombocytopenia in the observation group was superior to the control group(P＜0. 05);③The abnormal liver function was observed in the observation group. There was no significant difference in renal function abnormalities and gastroin testinal reactions between the control group and the observation group(P＞0. 05). ④The quality of life after treatment in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P＜0. 05);⑤There was no significant difference in the quality of life of patients before treatment between the observation group and the control group(P＞0. 05). Conclusion This study proves that the combination of Kangai injection in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer patients is beneficial to improve the treatment effect of patients and improve the occurrence of adverse reactions such as alopecia and thrombocytopenia in patients. It is worthy of promotion as the first choice for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the risk factors of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and the its relationship with T cell subsets to provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of PAH.Methods 154 maintained hemodialysis (MHD) patients in our dialysis center were recruited according to the criterion and divided into two groups subsequently:PAH group (pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PASP ＞ 35 mmHg) and non-PAH group (PASP≤35 mmHg).The related clinical,biochemical and ultrasonic cardiogram data were collected and peripheral blood was acquired to detect the expressions of the surface antigen CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD69 with flow cytometry.Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the relationship between PAH and T cell subsets.Results There was no significant difference between 56 cases of PAH and 98 cases of non-PAH as regards gender,age,mean systolic and diastolic pressure,dialysis durations,morbidities of hypertension and diabetes,smoking rate,and left ventricular diameter.Compared with the non-PAH group,the PAH group demonstrated a lower percent of CD8 T cells and CD8 CD69 T cells,but a much higher left atrial diameter (LAD),Interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,and NT-proBNP.The percentage of T cells,CD4 T cells and CD4 CD69 T cells showed no difference between the two groups.Multivariate analysis confirmed that PAH was negatively independently associated with the percentage of CD8 T cells and CD8CD69 T cells.Conclusions The decreased percentage of CD8 T cells and CD8CD69 T cells in the peripheral blood is a risk factor of PAH in maintained hemodialysis patients,and CD8 T cells may play an important role in the genesis of PAH.

OBJECTIVEThis study investigates the circadian variation rules of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled genes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis in buccal mucosa carcinoma and their roles in the development of buccal mucosa carcinoma.

METHODSNinety Syrian golden hamsters were housed under. 12 h light/12 h dark cycles. Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was used to establish the carcinoma model by smearing the golden hamster buccal mucosa. Before DMBA painting and after 6 and 14 weeks, the hamsters were sacrificed at six time points within a period of 24 h (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after light onset), and the normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and cancer tissues were simultaneously obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared to observe the canceration of each tissue. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53. Cosine analysis was employed to determine the circadian-rhythm variations of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA expression in terms of median, amplitude, and acrophase.

RESULTSThe expression of Per2, VEGF, P53, and c-Myc mRNA in three different stages appeared with circadian rhythms (P<0.05), whereas the Ki67 mRNA was expressed with circadian rhythm only in normal and precancerous lesion stages (P<0.05). The midline-estimating statistic of rhythms (MESORs) of Per2 and P53 mRNA were significantly down-regulated with the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the MESORs of VEGF, c-Myc, and Ki67 mRNA were up-regulated (P<0.05). The amplitude of P53 mRNA significantly decreased with the development of cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, the amplitudes of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, and c-Myc mRNA significantly increased in precancerous lesions and cancer tissue (P<0.05). In precancerous stage, the acrophases of Per2, VEGF, and c-Myc mRNA were earlier than that in the normal group, whereas that of Ki67 and P53 mRNA were delayed.

CONCLUSIONThe circadian-rhythm characteristics of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled gene expression of VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA have changed with the occurrence and development of carcinoma.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Mucosa ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Period Circadian Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current practice of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) including current epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review were mainly from relevant articles without restriction on the publication date reported in PubMed, MedSci, Google scholar. The terms "myofasial trigger points" and "myofacial pain syndrome" were used for the literature search.

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles with no limitation of research design and critical reviews containing data relevant to myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and MPS were retrieved, reviewed, analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is characterized by painful taut band, referred pain, and local response twitch with a prevalence of 85% to 95% of incidence. Several factors link to the etiology of MTrPs, such as the chronic injury and overload of muscles. Other factors, such as certain nutrient and hormone insufficiency, comorbidities, and muscle imbalance may also maintain the MTrP in an active status and induce recurrent pain. The current pathology is that an extra leakage acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction induces persistent contracture knots, relative to some hypotheses of integration, muscle spindle discharges, spinal segment sensitization, ect. MTrPs can be diagnosed and localized based on a few subjective criteria. Several approaches, including both direct and supplementary treatments, can inactivate MTrPs. Direct treatments are categorized into invasive and conservative.

CONCLUSIONThis review provides a clear understanding of MTrP pain and introduces the most useful treatment approaches in China.

China ; Humans ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Trigger Points ; physiology