The excessive accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs), the end products of non-enzymatic glycosylation reactions, can be involved in the pathological processes of various ocular diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the key role of AGEs in diabetic keratopathy, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)and diabetic retinopathy(DR). It was found that AGEs activate signalling pathways such as NADPH oxidase, MAPK and NF-κB by binding to the receptor RAGE, leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation, release of inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, which in turn induces delayed corneal healing, cross-linking of lens proteins, optic nerve degeneration, formation of choroidal neovascularisation(CNV), and blood-retinal barrier(BRB)disruption. For example, in diabetic keratopathy, AGEs delay wound healing via the ROS/NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle axis; in cataract, ascorbic acid-mediated cross-linking of lens proteins due to AGEs directly impairs lens transparency; and in DR, AGEs exacerbate microvascular damage by regulating vasucular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression and pericyte apoptosis. In addition, this article discusses the advances and limitations of AGEs detection techniques, such as the potential application of lens AGEscan fluorescence assay in screening for diabetic complications, and the need to develop tissue-specific assays for aqueous humour and vitreous. For therapeutic strategies, the research directions of inhibiting AGEs production, blocking RAGE signalling pathway and developing anti-glycosylation drugs are proposed to emphasise their clinical value in delaying disease progression. This review not only integrates the molecular mechanisms and clinical associations of AGEs in ocular diseases, but also provides a theoretical basis for targeted interventions, which is of great significance in exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors.Methods:Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2016-2017. A total of 70 107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study. The study collected information of participants' demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire. The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed, using the complex data weighting method. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy.Results:The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%. Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months, and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%, 4.68% and 5.26%, respectively. The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old, urban area, southwest area, first-born, mothers with college education or above, and the prevalence of food allergy in children. Shrimp, poultry eggs, crab shellfish, fruit, milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years, with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%, 1.25%, 0.99%, 0.97%, 0.87% and 0.86%, respectively. The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%.Conclusions:Among children aged 0-5 years, the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age, in China. Foods that is prone to allergies include fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, poultry eggs, milk and fruits, etc. Most allergies were only caused by single food in children, under observation.

【Objective】 To construct an acute toxoplasma encephalitis mouse model by observing the pathological changes in the hippocampus of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain RH. 【Methods】 The quantitative RH Toxoplasma gondii (100, 500, and 1 000 trophozoites) were injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of mice by the stereotaxic surgery; the survival status of mice was observed. Giemsa staining was used to observe the changes of toxoplasma in mouse ascites and brain tissue homogenates. Nissl staining and HE staining were used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal nerve tissue. The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue was observed by immunohistochemical ABC method. 【Results】 The RH Toxoplasma gondii infected mice showed obvious symptoms such as arched back, bristling hair, abdominal distension, subtle tremor and hemiplegia on the fourth day of infection. The survival of mice in 100 trophozoites group was longer, no trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii were found in ascites, a few pseudocysts were found in brain tissue homogenates after infected for 96 hours, and more trophozoites were found after death. Nysl staining and HE staining showed more tissue necrosis foci and loss of nerve cells in CA1 area after infected 144 h. The injury aggravated with the prolongation of infection time. Toxoplasma trophozoites were found in ascites and brain homogenates of mice in 500 and 1000 trophozoites groups. Nissl staining revealed neuronal loss and massive necrosis in the hippocampus. HE staining showed necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The brain tissue injury significantly aggravated compared with 100 trophozoites group. The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the necrotic foci was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 【Conclusion】 The survival of 100 trophozoite mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain RH was longer, and the pathological changes of brain tissue gradually aggravated. The damage was relatively confined to the brain tissue, and the mice showed typical symptoms of toxoplasma encephalitis. Therefore, the mouse model of acute toxoplasma encephalitis can be constructed by localized infection of 100 toxoplasma trophozoites, which can lay a foundation for future research on the mechanism of toxoplasma injury to cranial nerves.

Humans ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery* ; Amyloidosis ; Joint Diseases

Objective To understand the influencing factors of stroke symptoms in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension in the community, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of stroke. Methods A total of 410 cases of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients registered in community health service centers (or health centers) were randomly selected from 2 administrative regions of Wuhan to conduct a unified questionnaire survey. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of stroke symptoms in hypertensive patients. Results Of 31.83% the study subjects had stroke symptoms. The analysis of the results showed that high monthly per capital household income, adequate fruit intake and high level of dietary knowledge were protective factors for stroke symptoms in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension. Hypertension complications, annual medical check-ups in the hospital and a history of stroke / heart disease in immediate family members were risk factors for stroke symptoms. Conclusion Improving the health awareness of middle-aged and elderly people, vigorously promoting health education and raising the level of social security for low-income groups can reduce the risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes great decrements in health and quality of life with increments in healthcare costs, but the causes and pathogenesis of depression remain largely unknown, which greatly prevent its early detection and effective treatment. With the advancement of neuroimaging approaches, numerous functional and structural alterations in the brain have been detected in MDD and more recently attempts have been made to apply these findings to clinical practice. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the progress in translational application of psychoradiological findings in MDD with a specified focus on potential clinical usage. The foreseeable clinical applications for different MRI modalities were introduced according to their role in disorder classification, subtyping, and prediction. While evidence of cerebral structural and functional changes associated with MDD classification and subtyping was heterogeneous and/or sparse, the ACC and hippocampus have been consistently suggested to be important biomarkers in predicting treatment selection and treatment response. These findings underlined the potential utility of brain biomarkers for clinical practice.
Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Quality of Life

Objective:To investigate the subtypes of H3F3A DNA mutation in H3.3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) negative giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB).Methods:IHC expression of G34W mutated protein was evaluated in 181 cases GCTB. In H3.3 IHC negative cases, Sanger DNA sequencing analysis was used to detect the subtypes H3F3A mutations.Results:Overall, 164 (90.61%) cases of GCTB showed nuclear expression of H3.3, and 17 cases were negative. These 17 H3.3 negative cases were subjected to Sanger DNA sequencing analysis; results showed that eight presented rare mutation subtypes occurring at glycine 34 to leucine (G34L, 3/181, 1.66%), glycine 34 to valine (G34V, 3/181, 1.66%) and glycine 34 to arginine (G34R, 2/181, 1.10%), and the other nine cases were wild type (glycine 34, 9/181, 4.97%). Sanger DNA sequencing analysis confirmed the absence of G34W mutation in the H3.3 negative cases. Combining IHC and DNA sequencing analysis increased the detection rate of H3F3A mutation in the GCTB to 95.03%.Conclusions:H3.3 IHC could detect H3F3A G34W mutation in GCTB, but not for other rare mutation and wild types loci.

Coping style is a cognitive or behavioral strategy taken by individuals in the face of stress. Positive coping style is of great significance for improving the physical and mental outcomes of elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Accurate assessment of coping styles for the elderly patients with urinary incontinence can provide reference for the subsequent development of intervention measures. The existing coping style assessment tools for elderly incontinence at home and abroad include specific scale of incontinence, relevant psychological assessment scale, and universal scale. In a word, the progress in the studies on relevant assessment tools is slow, and it mainly focuses on the assessment of female population. The assessment content is relatively single and lacks of pertinence and systematization. In the future, a comprehensive scale with strong adaptability should be developed based on the characteristics of elderly incontinence patients in China.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Urinary Incontinence

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or officially named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019, there have been a few reports of its imaging findings. Here, we report two confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia with chest computed tomography findings of multiple regions of patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. These findings were characteristically located along the bronchial bundle or subpleural lungs.
China ; Coronavirus ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; World Health Organization

Objective:To investigate the association between rs284489 in the 8q22 region and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Sichuan, and the association between rs284489 and gender difference.Methods:A case control study was adopted.A total of 894 Han Nationality POAG patients in Sichuan People's Hospital from September 2015 to March 2017 were included, and 994 control patients who participated in physical examination in the same period were included.All subjects had no blood relationship and all were Han Chinese.Each sample of 4 ml-peripheral blood was collected for extracting DNA and rs284489 information was obtained from NCBI website.Primers 5.0 software was used to design primers.Genotyping was performed by using a tailored "Chinese-Chip" for association analysis of the rs284489 in the 8q22 region.Genotype allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed by using χ2 test.Logistic regression was applied to adjust for gender differences between the cases and controls.The PS; Power and Sample Size Calculation (version 3.1.2) software was used to calculate statistical power.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.This study followed the guidelines for the collection of human genetic disease specimens issued by the Ministry of Health of China.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (No.2016-58). Results:The allele distribution of rs284489 was within the HWE for both case and control groups (both at P>0.05). The difference of the minor allele-G distribution between the case group and the control group was not significant (allelic P*=0.94, OR [95% CI] **=1.01[0.83-1.23]); To further investigate the association between rs284489 and POAG, four genetic models, including model 1 (AG vs. AA), additive model 2 (GG vs.AA), dominant model (GG+ AG vs.AA), and recessive model (GG vs.AG+ AA) were applied.There was no significant difference in the four genetic models between the case and control groups (adjusted P# additive model 1 =0.26, P# additive model 2 =0.54, P# dominant model =0.50, P# recessive model =0.25); the gender difference in this study was not associated with the polymorphism of rs284489 (adjusted P#=1.00, crude OR [95% CI]=1.00[0.88-1.14], adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.00 [0.87-1.14]). Conclusions:rs284489 is not statistically associated with POAG in a Sichuan Han Chinese population.