Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Background Anxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Objective To examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods The study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. Results A total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Moreover, when compared to a frequency of exercise >3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). The GLMM analysis also demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality, lower exercise frequency, or lower intake frequency of vegetables, eggs, or milk and an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CAD among pregnant women in Shanghai follows a U-shaped distribution, with the highest rate occurring in early pregnancy and the lowest rate in mid-pregnancy. Factors such as poor sleep quality, inadequate intake of vegetables, eggs, or milk, and lack of exercise during pregnancy may increase the risk of CAD. Implementing lifestyle interventions during pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of mental health problems and improve the overall health of both mothers and babies.

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Objective To explore the effect of ultra-low dose dexmedetomidine on cough during an-esthesia recovery period in elderly patients undergoing carotid artery stenting(CAS).Methods A total of 111 elderly patients,75 males and 36 females,aged≥65 years,BMI 18-32 kg/m2,ASA physical statusⅡ or Ⅲ,diagnosed with asymptomatic unilateral severe carotid artery stenosis and scheduled for CAS,were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table:the dexmedetomidine group(group D,n = 55)and the control group(group C,n = 56).Group D was given dexmedetomidine 0.2-0.5 μg/kg before anesthesia induction,and dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at a ultra-low dose(0.1-0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1)after anesthesia induction to 30 minutes before the end of the operation,while group C did not receive any dexmedetomidine.The anesthesia regimen and intraoperative medication were the same for both groups.The MAP and HR were recorded 15 minutes before anesthesia induction(T0),5 minutes after anesthesia induction(T1),5 minutes before stent implantation(T2),5 minutes after stent implantation(T3),and 5 minutes after tracheal extubation(T4).The dosage of intraoperative propofol and remifentanil,cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period,respiratory depression(SpO2＜90%),extubation time,postoperative puncture infection,VAS pain score 24 hours after surgery,and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with group C,MAP was significantly decreased at T1 and T2,increased at T3 and T4,and HR was significantly decreased at T1,T3,and T4 in group D(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the intraoperative use of propofol and remifentanil was significantly decreased,and the incidence of cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period was significantly decreased in group D(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of respiratory depression,ex-tubation time,VAS pain score 24 hours after surgery,and postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups.None of the recruited patients experienced infection at the puncture site.Conclusion Ultra-low dose dexmedetomidine can effectively maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability,reduce the incidence of cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period,and does not increase other postoperative adverse re-actions,enhancing anesthesia recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing CAS.

Objective:To study the risk factors of venous thromboembolism(VTE)and the predictive value of the improved VTE score model to identify the risk of VTE in gynecological surgery patients.Methods:From Janu-ary 1,2020 to December 31,2022,41 patients with VTE after gynecological surgery were selected as the VTE group,and a total of 164 patients with adjacent gynecological surgeries during the same period were selected as the non-VTE group with a ratio of 1 :4.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the risk factors of VTE after gynecological surgery,and a modified VTE risk factor rapid assessment model(referred to as the improved VTE score model)was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to study the predictive value for VTE for in gynecological surgery,and compared with the Caprini score model(Caprini table for short).Results:①Multivatiate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery(OR＞1,P＜0.05),including age≥60 years,BMI≥28 kg/m2,malignant tumors,surgery time＞3 hours,history of thrombosis,and the increased D-di-mer difference before and after surgery.②The Area under Curve(AUC)of ROC was 0.963 in the improved VTE score model with a Youden index 81.10％,sensitivity 87.80％and specificity 93.29％.The AUC of the Caprini score model was 0.888 with Youden index 63.41％,sensitivity 73.17％and specificity 90.24％.The improved VTE score model the Caprini score model identified 92.68％and 85.37％of VTE patients as high-risk or ex-tremely high-risk,respectively,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions:More attention should be paid to the six independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery.The two score models showed a similar identified level.However,the improved VTE score model is more simple and easier to operate,has better practicality,and has certain clinical promotion value.

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism through which esculetin induces ferroptosis of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells.METHODS:Molecular docking of esculetin with p53,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)proteins was performed,and Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent receiver oper-ating characteristic curves were drawn.The 4T1 cells were divided into 6 groups,namely the control(CON),1/2 IC50,IC50,2 IC50,erastin,and capecitabine groups.The appropriate drug concentration for treating 4T1 cells was screened by CCK-8 assay.The invasion and migration abilities of 4T1 cells following esculetin treatment at the selected drug concentra-tion were analyzed by scratch test and Transwell assay.Mitochondrial morphological change were examined by electron mi-croscopy.The levels of ferroptotic cell death were then quantified by Fe2+,reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialde-hyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and GPX4 assays.Western blot was performed to evaluate the protein levels of p53,SLC7A11,GPX4 and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4).RESULTS:Compared with CON group,the esculetin 1/2 IC50,IC50 and 2 IC50 groups showed smaller size,increased membrane density,and decreased ridge of mitochodria,as well as decreased levels of GSH and GPX4,reduced cell invasion and migration abilities,and de-creased levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins(P＜0.05).Furthermore,these groups exhibited increased levels of Fe2+,ROS,and MDA,as well as elevated p53 and ACSL4 protein abundance(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Esculetin pro-motes ferroptosis of 4T1 cells through a mechanism involving the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 regulatory axis.

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy and mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction in the treatment of the precancerous lesions of breast cancer through animal experiment. METHODS SD rats were taken and divided into 6 groups(10 rats in each group), namely blank group, breast precancerous lesion model group, tamoxifen group, Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction groups with low dose, middle dose, and high dose. DMBA modeling method was used to carry out modeling for breast precancerous lesion. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of breast tissue. CD4+, CD8+ were detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, E2, P. The protein expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS HE staining showed changes in rat mammary tissue, indicating successful modeling. Compared with the blank group, the content of CD4+ decreased and the content of CD8+ increased in the model group(P<0.01); compared with model group, the content of CD4+ increased and the content of CD8+ decreased in low, middle, high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and tamoxifen group(P<0.01). The levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01), while IL-12 and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the low, middle and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly increased(P<0.01), while IL-12 and IL-6 decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the contents of E2 and P in the model group increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the contents of E2 and P in the low, middle and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of ER, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR in the low, medium and high dose groups of Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction and the tamoxifen group were significantly decreased(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Shugan Jianpi Jiedu decoction may inhibit the expression of ER, thus inhibiting the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, it can affect the immune response and reverse the precancerous lesions of breast cancer.

Background Decline in cognitive function is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia,and transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has developed as a promising tool for cognitive enhancement.Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of tDCS on improving cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia,so as to provide references for clinical intervention of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods A computer-based systematic search was conducted on September 12,2023 through CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,CINAHL and PsycINFO databases,and randomized controlled trials relevant to the efficacy of tDCS for management of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia were collected.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials(RoB 2.0).Results A total of 17 articles were included,including 953 patients with schizophrenia.TDCS has an improvement effect on cognitive functions such as information processing speed,attention,working memory,executive function and learning ability in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion tDCS may have an effect on improving cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ABCB1 genotypes on the efficacy and safety of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS By searching Embase，the Cochrane Library， PubMed， CNKI， and Wanfang databases， cohort studies and case-control studies about taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer were collected from the establishment of the database to July 2023. After screeningliterature， extracting data and evaluating quality， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 1 321 patients. There was no correlation between the three genotypes and effective rate， the incidence of myelosuppression， the incidence of neurotoxicity （except for the allele and recessive model of ABCB1 C1236T）， and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions （P＞0.05）. The subgroup analysis showed that there was a correlation between ABCB1 C1236T dominant model and effective rate when using anthracyclines+5-fluorouracil+cyclophosphamide+taxanes （P＜0.05）， there was a correlation between ABCB1 C3435T recessive model and effective rate when using taxanes+trastuzumab （P＜0.05）. ABCB1 C1236T allele model and recessive model were correlated with sample size ≥100 and using cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+5- fluorouracil+paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+paclitaxel+trastuzumab or cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+5-fluorouracil+ trastuzumab+paclitaxel regimens； recessive model with sample size ＜100 and the African region were correlated with the incidence of peripheral neuropathy； recessive model was correlated with cutaneous adverse reactions （P＜0.05）. ABCB1 C3435T recessive model was correlated with the incidence of reduced neutrophil count with sample size ≥100； the incidence of white blood cell count reduction with sample size ＜100 and using docetaxel+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide was correlated with both the allele model and the dominant model； the incidence of infections was correlated with the dominant model （P＜0.05）. The incidence of neutrophil count reduction with the sample size ＜100 was correlated with allele model of ABCB1 G2677T/A； the incidence of edema with sample size ≥100 was correlated with allele model and recessive model； the incidence of infection was correlated with allele model and dominant model， especially in patients with neutrophil count complicated with fever （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ABCB1 genotypes are not correlated with effective rate of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer， but ABCB1 C3435T genotype is associated with decreased neutrophil counts， decreased white blood cell counts and infections； ABCB1 C1236T genotype is associated with neurotoxicity and cutaneous adverse reactions； ABCB1 G2677T/A genotype is associated with decreased neutrophil counts， infections， and edema.