Objective The aim of this study was to identify macrophage related genes(MRGs)in liver cancer and construct a prognostic risk prediction model for liver cancer.Methods The liver cancer scRNA-seq data from the GEO database were down-loaded to identify genes specifically expressed in macrophages as MRGs.The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses on MRGs were conducted.In the TCGA-LIHC dataset of the TCGA database,multiple random sampling single factor Cox regression for single-factor Cox regression,LASSO regression,and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify MRGs for liver cancer prognosis prediction,and a liver cancer prognostic prediction model was constructed.Results The results obtained 8 major cell types,including those containing macrophages through clustering using scRNA-seq data from the GEO database.The proportion of macrophages in the immune microenvironment of liver cancer was significantly higher than that of normal tissues(P=0.016),and genes such as SPP1,RNASE1,and MMP9 were highly expressed.Multiple metabolic pathways,including purine metabolism,citric acid cycle,and drug metabolism cytochrome P450 were activated in liver cancer-associated macrophages.This study identified 777 MRGs from liver cancer scRNA-seq(LogFC＞0.25,P＜0.05),which mainly involved in functions such as actin binding and regula-tion of immune receptor activity.Seven MRGs,including ATP1B3,ATP6V0B,HBEGF,KLF2,NR1H3,RAB10,and SPP1 were select-ed from the 169 stable prognostic genes(P＜0.05)for the construction of the prognosis model.The AUC values for the 1,3,and 5-year survival outcomes of the model in the TCGA liver cancer cohort were 0.791,0.791,and 0.751,respectively.In the validation ICGC cohort,they were 0.614,0.682,and 0.688,respectively,demonstrating good predictive performance.In liver cancer patients with high prognosis risk scores,the expression of macrophages M0,neutrophils,and regulatory T cells was higher(P＜0.05),and im-munosuppression and immune activation coexisted.Conclusion Liver cancer MRGs can serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of liver cancer patients.These liver cancer MRGs are mainly associated with actin binding,immune receptor activity,and infiltration of various immune cells.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM), as a marginal population, has been largely ignored by health service projects. We assessed the utilization of HIV testing and counselling services and its influencing factors based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation for these population. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. A sample survey was conducted in Western China, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM. Based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the utilization of HIV testing and counselling. RESULTS: There were 3184 valid questionnaires. In the survey of HIV health services, 82.85% MSM had HIV testing and 64.98% MSM had HIV counselling, respectively. Among the predisposing factor, age 25 years old and over was a facilitator of HIV testing and counselling, and ethnicity was a factor associated with HIV testing. Among the enabling factor, MSM living in urban were more likely to have access to testing and counselling services, and income was also linked to HIV testing. Among the need factor, a high level of HIV knowledge could promote testing and counselling, and a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was a facilitator of testing. CONCLUSIONS HIV testing is widespread in Western China and higher than counselling service. MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services.
Adult ; Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/prevention & control* ; HIV Testing ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities

In medical field, the demand of high-level applied statistical talents is becoming more and more urgent, and the number of medical colleges to train graduate students of Master of Applied Statistics (MAS) is increasing gradually. Taking Chongqing Medical University as an example, this article introduces the objective, orientation and training mode of MAS education, analyzes the main characteristics of MAS professional education and talent training, discusses the problems mainly on training system and teaching base, combined with the interview results of MAS graduate students studying in CMU, and puts forward target suggestions including expanding the enrollment scale, optimizing the "two-tutorial system", advancing the training system and developing new teaching bases, to provide reference and experience for the teaching and training of MAS graduate students in medical colleges.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to explore the factors influencing protective behavior and its association with factors during the post-COVID-19 period in China based on the risk perception emotion model and the protective action decision model (PADM). METHODS: A total of 2830 valid questionnaires were collected as data for empirical analysis via network sampling in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to explore the relationships between the latent variables. RESULTS: SEM indicated that social emotion significantly positively affected protective behavior and intention. Protective behavioral intention had significant direct effects on protective behavior, and the direct effects were also the largest. Government trust did not have a significant effect on protective behavior but did have a significant indirect effect. Moreover, it was found that government trust had the greatest direct effect on social emotion. In addition, we found that excessive risk perception level may directly reduce people's intention and frequency of engaging in protective behavior, which was not conducive to positive, protective behavior. CONCLUSION In the post-COVID-19 period, theoretical framework constructed in this study can be used to evaluate people's protective behavior. The government should strengthen its information-sharing and interaction with the public, enhance people's trust in the government, create a positive social mood, appropriately regulate people's risk perception, and, finally, maintain a positive attitude and intent of protection.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Communicable Disease Control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emotions ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Intention ; Latent Class Analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Trust ; Young Adult

Objective: To understand the characteristics relating to the etiology and complications of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) based on data from the pilot National Sentinel Surveillance (NSS) program so as to explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of the NSS. Methods: Data were extracted from the NSS system, conducted in 11 provinces of China from November 2015 to October 2016. Characteristics regarding the etiology, complications of HFMD and factors related to the positive rates of HFMD specimens were analyzed under the logistic regression method by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: A total of 4 783 specimens were collected, including 3 390 from mild, 1 390 from severe and 3 from death cases. The overall positive rate was 81.43% (3 895/4 783). Other enteroviruses (non EV71/Cox A16 enteroviruses) appeared the major serotype (52.68%, 1 482/2 813) for mild infection of the disease while EV71 was for the severe cases (65.31%, 706/1 081). The serotype spectrum revealed by the pilot NSS was almost identical with the existing surveillance system. Other enteroviruses tended to infect younger children (χ²=130.17, P<0.001) than EV71 and Cox A16, in China. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that higher positive rate was associated with specimens which were collected from males, at children’ hospitals, in peak seasons, timely and in stools. The positive rates presented downwarding trends with the extension of the onset-sampling interval (χ²=14.47, P<0.001 in stool specimen; χ²=31.99, P<0.001 in throat swab; χ²=24.26, P<0.001 in anal swab). Aseptic meningitis, non-brainstem encephalitis and brainstem encephalitis appeared the top three complications of both EV71-associated and other enteroviruses-associated severe HFMD cases. Conclusions Factors as gender, season/place/timeliness of specimen collection, and types of hospital all appeared independently influenced the positive rates. NSS seemed feasible to be used as an alternative or supplement tool to the existing surveillance program in China.

Objective To investigate the seroepidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chongqing area. Methods Nonprobability sampling method was used to test EB-CA-IgG, EB-NA-IgG and EB-VCA-IgM in the sera of 1082 MSMs from the clinical trials of HIV/AIDS treatments in Chongqing area from 2012 to 2015, and 1059 healthy individuals by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test. The difference was considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Results The 1082 MSM included 130 HIV positive and 952 HIV negative subjects. The prevalence of prior EBV infection was 92.6% in total MSM population, 88.5% in HIV-positive MSM, and 93.2% in HIV-negative MSM. The prevalence in total MSM and HIV negative MSM was significantly higher than that in control group (89.9%). Prior EBV infection was not?found?in?0.5%?of?the?total?MSM,?0.8%?of?HIV?positive?MSM?and?0.4%?of?HIV?negative?MSM,?all?significantly?lower?than?that?of control group (5.0%) (P<0.05).?Finally,?the?rate?of?EBV?reactivation?in?HIV?positive?MSM?(10.0%)?was?significantly?higher?than?that in control group (3.8%) and in HIV negative MSM group(4.1%) (P<0.005). Conclusions EBV infection is highly prevalent in MSM, higher than that in the general population. The rate of EBV reactivation in HIV negative MSM is similar to that in general population. The rate of seroepidemiology-based EBV reactivation is significantly higher in HIV positive MSM, which may be associated with the immunocompromised status post HIV infection.

Objective To investigate the trend of early neural development in premature infants. Methods At the age of 12 months and 24 months, Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess the mental development index (MDI) and the psychomotor development index (PDI) in preterm (corrected age) and full-term infants. Results At 12 months, there was no significant difference in corrected age PDI scores among different gestational age groups (<32 , 32–33+6 and 34–36+6 weeks) (P=0.820). The actual age MDI and PDI scores of full-term infants and premature infants in 34~36+6 weeks group were significantly higher than those of premature infants in <32 and 32-33+6 weeks groups, and the PDI score of full-term infants was significantly higher than that of premature infants in 34-36+6 weeks group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in actual age PDI scores among different birth weight groups (P=0.166). The actual age MDI and PDI of full-term infants and premature infants in birth weight≥2500 g group were significantly higher than those of premature infants in <1500 g, 1500~1999 g and 2000~2499 g groups (P<0.05). At 24 months, the actual age MDI scores of full-term infants were significantly higher than those of premature infants in different gestational age and birth weight groups (P<0.05). The actual age MDI curve of premature infants in birth weight <1500g group showed a downward trend, while the actual age PDI curve showed a significant upward trend. Conclusion The neurodevelopment of preterm infants at the corrected age of 12 and 24 months reaches the level of full-term infants.

Objective To observe the effect of human immunoglobulin on elderly head and facial post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and peripheral blood TNF-α.Methods One hundred and twenty-two inpatients with PHN aged ≥65 years old were selected and divided into the observation group (52 cases) and control group (70 cases) by the systematic sampling method.The control group was given the early conventional combined therapy,while on this basis the observation group was intravenously dripped by human immunoglobulin.The incidence rate of PHN and pain visual analog scale(VAS) score at 1,2,3 months after recovery discharge from hospital were recorded in the two groups.Other 20 healthy elderly people were selected as the healthy control group.The TNF-α level was determined in the two patients groups before and after treatment and in the healthy control group.Results The PHN occurrence rate at 1,2,3 months after discharge in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05);the VAS score after treatment and at 1,2,3 months after discharge in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05);serum TNF-α level after treatment in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01),moreover which was close to the level in the healthy control group(P＞0.5).Conclusion Human immunoglobulin can reduce the PHN occurrence in the old people with head and facial herpes zoster and reduce the peripheral blood TNF-α level.

Objective To analysis the basic condition of the health resources in Chongqing ,and to explore the effect of the al‐location of health resources on doctor‐patient relationship .Methods Health statistics yearbook of Chongqing city was collected ,the fairness of the allocation of health resources in chongqing carried on the analysis and evaluation ,using the DEA model to analyze and evaluation the efficiency of the allocation of health resources in chongqing ,self‐designed questionnaire was used;hospitals ,doc‐tors and patients were investigated ,the descriptive and statistical analysis carried on .Results The distribution of health resources in Chongqing was inequitable on a regional .This inequitable distribution had been evaluated to the effect that ,as per the DEA mod‐el ,7 prefectures were effective with another 5 slightly effective and 26 as DEA ineffective .In the 8 hospitals that had been investiga‐ted ,the occurrence of medical disputes was undergoing a surge ,which indicates the tense relation between doctors and patients .Con‐clusion The total amount of health resources in Chongqing is fairly insufficient ,the high quality health resources are scarce .Unbal‐anced allocation of health resources and allocation inefficiency is the main reason for nervous doctor‐patient relationship and contra‐diction focus .

Improving medical students' calculation ability in statistics has become the focus and difficulty of medical statistics course teaching, and its application relies heavily on statistical calculation software. In order to explore a new teaching approach which combined the advantages of traditional method and web-based calculation, we intended to build a web computing platform applying the Browser/Server (B/S) mode based on the campus network, and to revise the current syllabus of medical statistics, as well as to create a virtual web-lab containing a typical case library. Practice has proved that the new mode effec-tively improved the practice capability of students and changed the traditional teacher-centered teaching approach.