Objective To explore enteral nutrition support and analyze its influencing factors in elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 328 patients with ischemic stroke in General Hospital of Western Theater Command were enrolled for nutritional screening between July 2020 and February 2024. Corresponding nutritional support plans were selected to investigate the compliance of patients with enteral nutrition support. Patients were divided into a standard group (n=140) and a non-standard group (n=97) based on whether their calorie intake met the standard. The effects of different clinical characteristics on enteral nutrition support were explored, and logistic analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of non-standard enteral nutrition support. Results In the 328 patients with ischemic stroke, proportions of total parenteral nutrition support, total enteral nutrition support, and parenteral/enteral nutrition support were 25.30%, 27.74% and 46.95%, respectively. The proportions of vomiting or regurgitation, gastric residual volume >100 mL, mechanical ventilation and use of antibiotics >2 in the non-standard group were higher than those in the standard group (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the above clinical characteristics were risk factors influencing patients with enteral nutrition support and parenteral/enteral nutrition support. Conclusion Vomiting or regurgitation , gastric residual volume, mechanical ventilation, and amount of antibiotics used are important influencing factors of enteral nutrition support in patients. Clinicians should pay attention to the above clinical characteristics.

We present a case of intracranial aneurysm located in the P1 segment of left posterior cerebral artery in the context of tetralogy of Fallot. Complex variations included right aortic arch with abnormal branching. Also, the bilateral vertebral arteries were absent, with a type I persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery of the left side. The aneurysm was treated with endovascular intervention with a Tubridge flow diverter and was noted to be completely cured on 6-month follow-up. We discuss the many considerations in this patient including developmental and modern-era treatment.

【Objective】 To investigate the application of different ureteral length measurement methods in the indwelling of double-J stent. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 260 patients with double-J stent indwelling after ureteroscopic surgery during Jul.2018 and Dec.2020 were prospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into height calculation group, CT measurement group, KUB group and ureteroscopic measurement group. The length of ureter was calculated accordingly and the appropriate length of double-J stent was selected. KUB was performed on the first day after operation and before extubation to determine the position of double-J stent. The patients completed the ureteral stent-related symptom questionnaire (USSQ), urinary symptom score, lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) score, pain score, hematuria score, and quality of life score before and after double-J catheter placement. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in age, gender, height, side of stent and urinary symptom score among the four groups (P>0.05). The average lengths of the ureters measured by the four methods were (21.5±1.0) cm, (21.5±1.8) cm, (23.8±1.3) cm and (21.7±1.8) cm, respectively. There were no significant differences among the height calculation group, CT measurement group and ureteroscope group, but there was significant difference between the three groups and the KUB group. The ideal ureteral stent length indwelling ratio in the ureteroscopic group was 76.9%, which was better than that in the other three groups. Postoperative indwelling time was 7-42 d (mean 29.8 d). The USSQ score of the ureteroscopic group before extubation was (14.1±1.5), which was lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). The ureteroscopic group was better than the other three groups in the comparison of frequency and urgency of urination, nocturia, hematuria, quality of life score, and pain score (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Intraoperative ureteroscopic measurement of the ureteral length is a simple and feasible method in guiding the indwelling of double-J stent to reduce ureteral stent related symptoms.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) catheter whole life cycle management system.Methods:An ICU catheter whole life cycle management system was constructed and applied in clinical practice. This study collected data on catheter management and hospital infection of patients in ICU of Zhejiang Hospital before the application of the catheter whole life cycle management system from April to December 2019 and after the application of the catheter whole life cycle management system from April to December 2020. The accuracy of catheter recording, the compliance rate of daily catheter nursing quality, and the incidence of major catheter-associated infections were compared before and after the application of the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system. The time-consuming of catheter information recording under the two methods of applying the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system and computer manual input was analyzed, and the nurses' experience of using the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system was investigated through semi-structured interviews.Results:After the application of the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system, the accuracy rate of catheter recording increased from 89.96% (22 491/25 001) to 96.09% (30 897/32 155) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The compliance rate of daily catheter nursing quality increased from 89.81% (22 453/25 001) to 95.94% (30 849/32 155) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of major catheter-associated infections before and after system application ( P>0.05) . In addition, the time-consuming of catheter recording by nurses using the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system was less than that of manual input by computer, and the difference was statistically significant [ (0.98±0.28) min vs. (1.78±0.50) min, P<0.05] . The semi-structured interview results showed that nurses had a good experience in using the ICU catheter whole life cycle management system. Conclusions:The ICU catheter whole life cycle management system provides nurses with a systematic, convenient and standardized catheter management method. The system has a good user experience, can improve the accuracy of nurse catheter recording and the catheter nursing quality, and shorten catheter recording time. However, further studies are needed to confirm whether it helps to reduce the incidence of major catheter-associated infections.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients with cerebellar ataxia.Methods:The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with cerebellar ataxia diagnosed and treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:About 4.3% (15 cases) of a total of 347 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients were complicated with cerebellar ataxia, of which one patient had ovarian teratoma. There were seven male cases and eight female cases, with a median age of 28 years. The average duration from the onset of encephalitis to the onset of cerebellar symptoms was 30.8 days.The average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 3.73. In the acute phase, the median cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count was 28×10 6/L. All patients received first-line immunotherapy, of which one case additionally received second-line immunotherapy with rituximab and nine patients received long-term immunotherapy with mycophenolate mofetil. The follow-up time ranged from seven to 66 months. The average mRS score of the last time was 2.73, and only six patients (6/15) had good prognosis (mRS score≤2). Conclusions:Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and cerebellar ataxia are rare, and have relatively poor prognosis in terms of neurological function. Symptoms of cerebellar ataxia in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients should be recognized in time, and standardized immunotherapy regimens and long-term immunotherapy should be adopted to improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE：To establish th e method for the determination of related substances in fidaxomicin raw material. METHODS：The detection ability of NP-HPLC-UV ，RP-HPLC-ELSD and RP-HPLC-UV systems for the related substances in fidamycin raw material was investigated and the best chromatographic system was selected . The HPLC detection method for the related substances was established. The detection was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB C 18 column with mobile phase A consisted of 0.2％ triethylamine buffer solution （pH 3.8）-acetonitrile（55∶45，V/V），mobile phase B consisted of 0.2％ triethylamine buffer solution（pH 3.8）-acetonitrile（20∶80，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min（gradient elution ）；the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃；the sample size was 10 µL. Calculation of the content of related substances was principal component self-control method without correction factor. RESULTS ：The impurities C and F could not be separated effectively in NP-HPLC-UV system. In RP-HPLC-ELSD system ，only impurities C ，D，E and F could be detected. In RP-HPLC-UV system ，11 impurities could be detected. In the study of methodology ，the linear ranges were 0.5-20.0 μg/mL for fidaxomicin（R2＝0.999 9）；the LOD was 0.05 ng，LOQ was 0.15 ng；RSDs of reproducibility and intermediate precision tests were less than 2.0％（n＝6）；average recovery was 98.4％（RSD＝3.6％，n＝9）. The sum of impurities in 3 batches of raw materials were 0.53％，0.51％，0.51％，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The effect of detecting impurities by RP-HPLC-UV are the best. Established method is specific and sensitive ，and can be used for the determination of related substance in fidaxomicin raw material.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:From January 2013 to December 2017, a total of 146 patients (83 males, 63 females, age: (60.2±10.3) years) who were confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma by pathology and were examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and EGFR mutation testing in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of clinical characteristics (age, gender, smoking, tumor diameter, loymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, stage, thyroid transcripition factor-1 (TTF-1), NapsinA, cyiokeratin (CK)-7, Ki-67) and PET/CT parameters (maximun standardized uptake value (SUV max) of the primary tumor (pSUV max), SUV max of lymph node (nSUV max) and SUV max of distant metastasis (mSUV max)) between patients of EGFR mutation and EGFR wild type were analyzed using independent-sample t test, χ2 test and Fisher exact test. The predictors for EGFR mutation were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of pSUV max and pSUV max combined with gender, smoking and tumor diameter was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:There were 46.58%(68/146) patients with EGFR mutations and 53.42%(78/146) patients with wild type. Gender, smoking, lymph node metastasis, tumor diameter, pSUV max, nSUV max, TTF-1, NapsinA and Ki-67 were significantly different between patients with EGFR mutations and those with wild type ( t values: from -3.023 to -2.032, χ2 values: 4.725-33.749, all P<0.05). Female (odds ratio ( OR)=3.236, 95% CI: 1.213-8.779; P=0.029), non-smoker ( OR=4.947, 95% CI: 1.796-13.621; P=0.019), tumor diameter<3.5 cm ( OR=2.750, 95% CI: 1.109-6.818; P=0.001) and pSUV max<9.1( OR=2.960, 95% CI: 1.227-7.141; P=0.016) were predictors of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. The area under the curve (AUC) of pSUV max was 0.640 with the specificity of 43.6%(34/78)and the sensitivity of 27.9%(19/68), while the AUC of the four independent factors was 0.83 with the specificity of 71.8%(56/78) and the sensitivity of 83.8%(19/68). Conclusions:pSUV max is associated with mutant EGFR status. Moreover, the combination of pSUV max, gender, smoking and tumor diameter can enhance the predictive value on EGFR mutation status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To establish a test of autoantibody-panel for the diagnosis of autoimmune cerebellitis (AC) and determine the prevalence of AC in patients with cerebellar ataxia of unknown etiology.Methods Autoantibody screening tests with indirect immunofluorescence were performed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 400 previously'idiopathic'Chinese patients with cerebral ataxia (inpatients and outpatients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital or referred from hospitals of Beijing Encephalitis Group from 2016 to 2018).Immunotherapy was given to autoantibody positive patients and the effectiveness of immunotherapy was assessed.Detailed AC autoantibodies panel included anti-glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody,anti-Tr (delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER)) antibody,anti-zinc finger protein 4 (ZIC4) antibody,anti-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) antibody,anti-homer protein homolog 3 (Homer 3) antibody,anti-neurochondrin (NCDN) antibody,anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein (CARP) antibody and anti-Purkinje cell antibody 2 (PCA2) antibody.Results Eight out of 400 (2％) ataxia patients were positive for this AC panel tests,of whom two were positive for anti-GAD65 antibody,two for anti-Tr antibody,one for anti-PCA2 antibody,one for anti-Homer 3 antibody and two were positive for serum anti-NCDN antibody.Autoantibodies against ZIC4,ITPR1 and CARP were not detected in this cohort.Two of the eight ataxia patients also presented with limbic encephalitis,and only one anti-GAD antibody patient was screened with underlying small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).All the eight patients received immunotherapy and four experienced partial response.Conclusions Autoimmune cerebellitis is the cause of acquired cerebellar ataxia.Tests of autoantibodies associated with AC have diagnostic value for paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia.Immunotherapy may yield partial response in patients with AC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis by analyzing the clinical and immunologic data of patients treated with MMF in this prospective cohort of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.Methods Patients treated with MMF for more than one year in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in this study.MMF was given at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d in the induction period (two to four months) and 0.75-2.00 g/d in the maintenance period.All the patients were followed up regularly.Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score evaluation,serum IgG and peripheral CD19-positive B cells,CD4-positive T cells and CD8-positive T cells testing were performed every two months.Results Fifteen patients were included in this study who received first-line immunotherapy combined with MMF.No other second-line therapy including rituximab was used.Thirteen patients responded well to MMF combined with first-line immunotherapy (a decrease in mRS score of more than 1).All 15 patients had a good outcome (i.e.,a mRS score of 0-2),including nine patients without residual symptoms (a mRS score of 0).After 12 months of MMF treatment,CD19-positive B cells were significantly decreased (median 320 (227,628) × 106/L vs 152 (105,223) × 106/L;Z=-2.028,P=0.043),while serum IgG (9.07 (6.70,11.32) g/L vs 8.35 (6.63,10.69) g/L,P=0.144)),CD4-positive T cells (1 136 (736,1 432) × 106/L vs 1 055 (802,1 072) × 106/L,P =0.866) and CD8-positive T cells (627 (413,784) × 106/L vs 568 (393,743) × 106/L,P =0.735) were not significantly changed.Three patients relapsed and were treated with additional cycle of first-line immunotherapy and increased dosage of MMF (induction dosage) resulting in remission.CD19-positive B cells were tested to be increased during the patients' relapse.No serious adverse event was noted in all these patients.Conclusions MMF is safe and effective as a long-term immunotherapy in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis.MMF can be used as an add-on therapy to first-line immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis.CD19-positive B cell count should be monitored and used as a parameter to individualize dosage of MMF.

Objective To report the clinical and paraclinical features of a case series with antiIgLON5 antibody related encephalopathy.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with sleep disorders and subacute or chronic onset of movement disorders,parkinsonism or bulbar palsy were included.The serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens of these patients were screened for anti-IgLON5 antibody.The clinical and paraclinical features of patients with seropositive anti-IgLON5 antibody were summarized.Results Three patients with seropositive anti-IgLON5 antibody were identified,with one female and two males.The onset age ranged from 61 to 64 years.Case 1 presented with symptoms of involuntary movement,unsteady walk and insomnia;case 2 with symptoms of insomnia,sleep behavioral disorder,psychiatric behavior and dysphagia;case 3 with symptoms of insomnia,sleep behavioral disorder,dysarthria,and tremor.When examined by polysomnography,obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was revealed in cases 1 and 2,serious insomnia was found in cases 2 and 3,and sleep behavioral disorder was revealed in case 2.All three patients were positive for HLA-DQB1 * 0501,and cases 2 and 3 were positive for HLA-DRB1 * 1001.All three patients received immunotherapy and only one patient (case 1) responded well to immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin,steroids and mycophenolate mofetil.Conclusions Anti-IgLON5-related encephalopathy is a rare disease with distinct clinical features of both autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration disorders.These patients may benefit from immunotherapy.