Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To study the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) circulating in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2021.Methods:This study collected the specimens of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases from 2008 to 2021 that were positive for other enteroviruses except for enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and CVA6, as well as the specimens of herpangina and neonatal infection cases from 2020 to 2021. Enteroviruses in these specimens were detected and their types were identified. CVB3 strains were isolated and the entire VP1 sequences of CVB3 strains were amplified and sequenced. The genetic features of CVB3 strains were analyzed using DNAStar 7.1 and MEGA 6.06 software packages.Results:Among 3 484 HFMD cases positive for other enteroviruses from 2008 to 2021, CVB3-positive cases accounted for 1.6% (57/3 484); among 560 cases of herpangina from 2020 to 2021, CVB3-positive cases accounted for 2.1% (12/560); one neonatal infection case in 2021 was positive for CVB3. CVB3-positive cases accounted for 67.1% (47/70) in 2021 and 18.6% (13/70) in 2020, while there were less than five cases in other years. Forty-eight CVB3 strains were isolated and the entire VP1 sequences of 26 CVB3 strains were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CVB3 strains could be divided into eight genotypes (A-H) and the strains of genotypes A, D and E were prevalent in the Chinese mainland. The 26 CVB3 strains isolated in Guangdong Province shared 80.2%-100.0% nucleotide homology, and belonged to two genotypes of D and E, with genotype D prevalent from 2008 to 2017 and genotype E prevalent from 2020 to 2021.Conclusions:CVB3 is prevalent sporadically in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2017, but the epidemic intensity increased during 2020 and 2021. CVB3 strains of genotypes D and E are prevalent in Guangdong Province during 2008 to 2021, with genotype E being the prevalent genotype during 2020 and 2021.

Objective:To analyze the lifestyle for brain health related factors and demographic characteristics through machine learning to achieve the assessing effect of mild cognitive impairement prevalence risk among rural elderly people in Guizhou.Methods:From July to August 2019, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 235 rural elderly people aged 60 years and above in Guizhou Province as the subjects, and the investigation was performed with questionnaire and physical examination.The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function, and the important features and optimal number of features based on 12 LIBRA factors and 4 demographic characteristics were selected.Logistic regression and random forest algorithm were used to establish a evaluation model for the risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly.The evaluation efficacy of the model was also assessed using a combination of precision, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, and the Delong method was used to check the difference of AUC values between the two models.Results:A total of 291 subjects were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, with a detection rate of 23.56% (291/1 235). The AUC values of logistic regression and random forest models evaluating the risk of mild cognitive impairment in the rural elderly were 0.758 and 0.820, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The random forest model had better evaluations with an accuracy of 0.823, precision of 0.805, sensitivity of 0.874, specificity of 0.767 and F1 score of 0.838, all of which were better than those of the logistic regression model.And the random forest model was also more stable after 10-fold cross-validation. Conclusion:The lifestyle for brain health related factors combined with demographic characteristics can more accurately evaluate the risk of mild cognitive impairment among rural elderly people in Guizhou.The random forest model is better than the logistic regression model.

Objective:To investigate the human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infection and hearing impairment in infants with congenital and perinatal diseases of the Bo′ai Hospital in Zhongshan City, and to explore the risk factors of hearing impairment and clinical outcomes.Methods:A total of 243 cases of infants with congenital and perinatal HCMV infection were collected from Bo′ai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.Clinical data and brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)results were analyzed retrospectively.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of hearing impairment.The children with hearing loss were followed up in out-patient.Results:Positive rates of congenital and perinatal HCMV infection in infants were 4.56%(121/2654), 2.76%(74/2686)and 3.15%(85/2701)from 2016 to 2018 in our hospital respectively.In 243 cases, there were 107 cases with normal hearing(44%), 33 cases with suspicious hearing impairment(14%)and 103 cases with hearing impairment(42%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age less than 1 month( P=0.034)and CMV-DNA positive( P=0.003)were independent risk factors for hearing impairment.The manifestations of hearing impairment were various.Twenty cases with suspected hearing impairment were not treated with ganciclovir, in which 19 cases BAEP became normal.Sixty-seven cases with hearing impairment were followed up, of whom 47 cases received standardized ganciclovir antiviral therapy: 30 cases returned to normal, and 12 cases improved, and 3 cases showed no significant changes, and 2 cases aggravated.Twenty cases did not received the antiviral therapy: 5 cases returned to normal, and 8 cases improved, and 3 cases showed no significant changes, and 4 cases aggravated. Conclusion:There was a high rate of HCMV infection of congenital and perinatal infants in our hospital.Infected infants have a higher proportion of hearing impairment.Infants less than 1 month and CMV-DNA positive are more likely to suffer from hearing impairment.It can be considered for clinical observation for the cases with slightly elevated hearing threshold.Standardized ganciclovir antiviral therapy has obvious effect on hearing improvement.

Objective: To assess the application of quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test (qFIT) in screening of gastrointestinal diseases for health check-up population. Methods: Total 19 633 health check-up subjects, who received qFIT in AiKang Guobin Physical Examination Center from January 2018 to June 2019 qFIT, were enroll in the study. The positive rate of subjects who received qFIT were analyzed. Gastrointestinal endoscopy were used to diagnose gastrointestinal lesions. The application of qFIT in screening gastrointestinal diseases, especially colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions was evaluated. Results: Total 718 (3.66%) subjects were positive for qFIT, among whom 103 (42.3%) underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. Finally, 33 (42.3%) cases of colon adenoma, 9 (11.5%) cases of peptic ulcer, and 4 (3.1%) cases of colorectal cancer were detected; and other conditions including gastroenteritis and hemorrhoids were were also diagnosed. There were 87 cases whose qFIT were negative performed colon endoscopy, 5 (5.7%) cases of colon adenoma, no colorectal cancer were detected. The mean value of qFIT for colon cancer was higher than that for polyps (3 569±1 085)μg/L vs. (823±106) μg/L, P=0.01]. The detection rate of colon polyps in qFIT positive subjects was higher than that in qFIT negative subjects [32%(33/103) vs.5.7% (5/87)], and the detective rate of colon cancer in qFIT positive subjects was higher than that in qFIT negative subjects [3.9%(4/103) vs.0(0/87)]. Conclusion Quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test can improve the detection rate of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions in screening of gastrointestinal diseases.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitivity of non-typhoid salmonella in Zhongshan city.Methods We collected the positive cases of non-typhoid salmonella in children of Zhongshan city from 2013 to 2015.The sex,age,place of residence,onset time and main serum type of these cases were collected.The characteristics of the cases were described by descriptive epidemiologi-cal study.Results From 2013 to 2015,3 040 stool specimens from patients with enteritis were collected and 402 strain of non-typhoid salmonella were separated out. The total detection rate was 13.22%,the annual detection rate were 10.26%,12.21% and 16.76%,respectively.The peak period was from July to August every year.Of the 402 children,240 were male,162 were female,and the ratio was 1.48:1.The minimum age was 1 month,the maximum was 5 years and 8 months,the mean age was 13.62 months.All patients were characterized by diarrhea and fever,including 64 cases of bloody stool and 1 case of sepsis.The most com-mon serotypes were 4,5,12:i:-and 4,12:i:-.The resistant strains were salmonella typhimurium and variety salmonella typhimurium strains.From 2013 to 2015,the resistance rate of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime in non-typhoid salmonella isolates increased linearly (ceftriaxone: 17.35%, 26.23%, 39.01%; ceftazidime:12.24%,17.21%,30.77%).The differences were statistically significant(χ2=30.3,P<0.01;χ2=26.3, P<0.01).Conclusion The positive rate of nontyphoid salmonella increased year by year from 2013 to 2015.The most common serotype was salmonella typhimurium, and the resistant strains were salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhimurium variety.The resistance rate of non-typhoid salmonella to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime increased year by year,and the highest rate of ceftazidime resistance was in July 2015.Non-typhoid salmonella was more resistant to ceftriaxone than ceftazidime.

Objective:To investigate the types of non-tumor diseases in patients with cancer, and to explore the effects of those dis-eases on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Methods:We collected the medical records of cancer patients from January 2013 to December 2017 in Peking University Cancer Hospital, and screened for non-tumor diseases. The clinical records of the patients in this group were analyzed retrospectively, and the effects of those diseases on the diagnosis and treatment of tumors were dis-cussed. Results:Of the 1,323 cases of inter-hospital consultation, 1,153 cases of non-tumor disease (87.2％) were selected. There were 773 men (67.0％) and 380 women (33.0％) included. The median age was 62 (14-90) years. The primary tumor types included lung can-cer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, liver cancer, cholangiocarci-noma/gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other tumors. Non-neoplastic diseases included cardiovascular disease in 356 cases (30.9％), respiratory system disease (17.0％) in 196 cases, digestive system disease in 107 cases (9.3％), skin and venereal diseases in 81 cases (7.0％), nervous system lesions (6.4％) in 74 cases, urinary system disease in 72 cases (6.2％), blood disease in 70 cases (6.1％), en-docrine and metabolic diseases in 47 cases (4.1％), autoimmune disease in 23 cases (2.0％), and other diseases (11.0％) in 127 cases. Impact on tumor diagnosis and treatment was as follows:direct, 771 cases (66.9％);no influence, 313 cases (27.1％);and uncertain, 69 cases (6.0％). Conclusions:Cardiovascular disease is a major non-tumor disease associated with cancer. Non-neoplastic diseases are important factors affecting the diagnosis and treatment plans of cancer.

Objective To summarize the experience of patient positing,port placements setting and robot cart docking in pediatric robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract operations.Methods From March 2017 to December 2017,140 robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract procedures were performed in our institution,including 110 cases of pyeloplasty,15 upper pole heminephroureterectomy,12 simple nephrectomy and 3 adrenalectomy.There were 103 males and 37 females with a range age from 1 month to 18 years.The assistant surgeon was adjacent to the instrument nurse,and patients were placed in a supine position with 60°-80° inclination and keep the legs low to the body.Room setup and patient positioning were similar to the traditional laparoscopic surgery.Semi-hidden incision technique was used in 140 patients:the camera port was placed umbilicus,two additional arm ports (one 5 mm and one 8 mm) were placed under direct vision,the 8 mm arm port was placed on the line of a Pfannenstiel incision and the 5 mm arm port was placed below the Xiphoid along the midline.Finally,a 3 or 5 mm assistant port was placed approximately 3 cm lateral to the inferior arm port,the line of a Pfannenstiel incision.Results The average time was (11.5 ± 3.2) min (10.5-16.5 min) from skin incision to robot cart docking completed.All surgeries were successfully completed without open conversion.One patient required an additional assist port for severe adhesion after the previously open surgery,there was no injury to other viscera.Average operative time was (146.9 ± 48.7)min (78-259 min) and average post-operative hospitalization time was (5.7 ± 1.4) d(4-10 d),respectively.There was no visual scar on abdominal 6 weeks postoperatively,and all parents made comments about their satisfaction with the cosmetic appearance.All operations got complete success at a mean follow up of 6 (1-9) months.Conclusions A good room setup,patient positioning and the semi-hidden incision technique port placements are maintaining the safety of the patient,avoiding compression injuries,allowing maximum mobility of the robotic arms,and facilitating a smooth and efficient surgery,and improving post-operative recovery.