ObjectiveBy comparing the composition and content of volatile components in raw products， wine-washed products and wine-fried products of Ligusticum sinense cv. Chaxiong rhizome（LSCR）， to investigate the influence of wine processing on the volatile components of LSCR， in order to provide a basis for the development of quality standards for LSCR and its processed products. MethodsElectronic nose was used to identify the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， and their volatile components were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the relative mass fractions of these components were determined by peak area normalization method. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on the obtained sample data by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR were screened according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between volatile differential flavor components and electronic nose sensors. ResultsElectronic nose detection results showed that there were significant differences in the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， mainly reflected in the sensors S2， S4， S5， S6， S11， S12， S13. And a total of 62 compounds were identified from LSCR and its wine-processed products， among which 46， 50 and 51 compounds were identified from LSCR， wine-fried and wine-washed LSCR， respectively. There were 21 differential components between the raw products and wine-fried products， of which 10 components were increased and 11 were decreased after processing. There were 20 differential components between the raw products and wine-washed products， of which 11 constituents increased and 9 decreased after processing. There were 17 differential components between the wine-wash products and wine-fried products. Compared with the wine-washed products， the contents of 13 components in the wine-fried products increased， and the contents of 4 components decreased. The increasing trend of the content of phthalides in the wine-washed products was more obvious than that in the wine-fried products， but the content of total volatile components was higher in the wine-fried products than the wine-washed products. Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the 7 differential sensors of electronic nose and 24 differential volatile components， mainly phthalides and olefins. ConclusionThe odor and the content of volatile components in LSCR changed obviously after wine processing， and n-butylphthalide， Z-butylidenephthalide and E-ligustilide can be used as the candidate differential markers of volatile components in LSCR before and after wine processing.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of serum containing Zhenwutang on myocardial mast cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） and the mechanism of the correlation between apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy. MethodsIn this experiment， AngⅡ and serum containing Zhenwutang with different concentrations were used to interfere with H9C2 cardiomyocytes for 24 h， and the survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） to screen the optimal concentration for the experiment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the content of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） in cell culture supernatant， and immunofluorescence was used to detect the cell surface area to verify the construction of the myocardial mast cell model. Subsequently， the experiment was divided into a blank group （20% blank serum）， a model group （20% blank serum + 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 AngⅡ）， low-， medium-， and high-dose （5%， 10% and 20%） serum containing Zhenwutang groups， an autophagy inhibitor group （1×10^-4 mol·L^-1 3-MA）， and autophagy inducer group （1×10^-7 mol·L^-1 rapamycin）. The apoptosis level of H9C2 cells and the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. The lysosomal probe （Lyso Tracker） and mitochondrial probe （Mito Tracker） co-localization was employed to detect autophagy. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect Caspase-3， Caspase-9， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-related X protein （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C） in apoptosis-related pathways and the relative mRNA expression of ubiquitin ligase （Parkin）， phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）， and p62 protein in mitochondrial autophagy-related pathways. Western blot was used to detect cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Bax， Bcl-2， and Cyt C in apoptosis-related pathways， phosphorylated ubiquitin ligase （p-Parkin）， phosphorylated PTEN-induced kinase 1 （p-PINK1）， p62， and Bcl-2 homology domain protein Beclin1 in mitochondrial autophagy-related pathways， and the change of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio. ResultsCCK-8 showed that when the concentration of AngⅡ was 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1， the cell activity was the lowest， and there was no cytotoxicity. At this concentration， the surface area of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the content of BNP in the supernatant of culture medium was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Therefore， AngⅡ with a concentration of 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 was selected for the subsequent modeling of myocardial mast cells. Compared with the blank group， the model group and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA group had a significantly increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01） and significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01）. The results of immunofluorescence co-localization showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had a significantly decreased number of red and green fluorescence spots. The results of Real-time PCR showed that compared with that in the blank group， the relative mRNA expression of Bax， Caspase-3， Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 in the model group was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）， while the relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2， Parkin， and PINK1 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. In addition， the relative protein expression of Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. The LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ was significantly decreased， and the relative protein expression of Bcl-2， p-Parkin， p-PINK1， and Beclin1 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum containing Zhenwutang groups and the autophagy inducer group had significantly decreased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， and the decrease ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential is significantly lowered （P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally， both red and green fluorescence spots became more in these groups. In the 3-MA group， the number of red and green fluorescence spots decreased significantly. The relative mRNA expression of Bax， Caspase-3， Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of Bcl-2， Parkin， and PINK1 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. In the serum containing Zhenwutang groups， the relative protein expression levels of Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ was significantly increased， and the relative protein expression levels of Bcl-2， p-Parkin， p-PINK1， and Beclin1 were significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe serum containing Zhenwutang can reduce the apoptosis of myocardial mast cells and increase mitochondrial autophagy. This is related to the inhibition of intracellular Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway and regulation of Parkin/PINK1 mitochondrial autophagy pathway.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the Shewhart control chart-based assessment and early warning system in prevention of medical device-related pressure injury(MDRPI).Methods:152 critically ill patients admitted to Hebei Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group based on different methods of assessing MDRPI risk,with 76 cases in each group.The control group adopted the Braden scale to assess the risk of MDRPI.The observation group adopted a safety early warning system based on Shewhart control charts to assess the risk of MDRPI in patients.Nursing measures were undertaken according to MDRPI risk grade in both groups.The occurrence of adverse events of MDRPI,nursing safety quality and nursing comprehensive quality were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence rate of head,neck and face adverse events of MDRPI and the total incidence of adverse events of MDRPI of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(x2=4.802,5.758,P<0.05).The safety quality and comprehensive quality of nursing of 20 nurses in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(t=6.654,7.172,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of assessment and early warning system based on Shewhart control chart in clinical nursing management can effectively reduce the incidence of MDRPI adverse events and improve the quality of nursing safety and comprehensive nursing.

Objective:To investigate the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) multiparametric imaging in the etiological and differential diagnoses of troponin increase with non-obstructive coronary arteries (TINOCA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with TINOCA and confirmed by coronary angiography in Dongguan Kanghua Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023. CMR examinations were performed within 7 days of onset. The examination sequences included "black blood" single-shot balanced turbo field echo with breath-hold, balanced turbo field echo with breath-hold, T 2-weighted short tau inversion recovery black blood, modified gradient and spin echo black blood with SENSE, dynamic balanced turbo field echo, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery [late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)]. Based on the imaging findings, patients were categorized into 4 groups: myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) group, acute myocarditis group, Takotsubo syndrome group, and CMR negative group. The observed indices included left ventricular function, myocardial edema, first perfusion, and LGE of contrast enhancement. The differences in these parameters among the aforementioned disease groups were statistically compared. The categorical data were analyzed between groups using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method. The data in line with normal distribution were statistically described by xˉ±s. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the means of the 2 samples. The data with skewed distribution were described by M ( Q1, Q3). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup analysis. Results:A total of 33 patients were enrolled in this study, the 4 groups comprised 14(42.4%), 12(36.4%), 0, and 7(21.2%) patients, respectively. The positive rate of CMR diagnosis was 78.8%. The onset age in the MINOCA group significantly differed from that in the acute myocarditis group ( Z=3.32, P=0.001). No significant differences were observed in left ventricular function, number of myocardial edema segments, and T 2 value of the diseased myocardium between the 2 groups ( P>0.05), but the number of abnormal first perfusion was significantly distinct ( P<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the quality and volume of LGE between the 2 groups ( P<0.05 for all). Conclusion:CMR multiparameteric imaging technology plays a unique role in the etiological diagnosis of TINOCA, accurately distinguishing TINOCA caused by MINOCA, acute myocarditis, and other cardiac causes.

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been widely used in the research of brain-computer interface (BCI) system in recent years. The advantages of SSVEP-BCI system include high classification accuracy, fast information transform rate and strong anti-interference ability. Most of the traditional researches induce SSVEP responses in low and middle frequency bands as control signals. However, SSVEP in this frequency band may cause visual fatigue and even induce epilepsy in subjects. In contrast, high-frequency SSVEP-BCI provides a more comfortable and natural interaction despite its lower amplitude and weaker response. Therefore, it has been widely concerned by researchers in recent years. This paper summarized and analyzed the related research of high-frequency SSVEP-BCI in the past ten years from the aspects of paradigm and algorithm. Finally, the application prospect and development direction of high-frequency SSVEP were discussed and prospected.
Humans ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Algorithms

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment. According to a series of evidence-based studies, TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups. For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19, TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms, shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion, and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease. For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses, TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation, shorten the hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate. During recovery, TCM can improve patients' symptoms, promote organ function recovery, boost the quality of patients' life, and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate. A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, and protection of organ function via a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway approach.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Epidemics

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription on slow transit constipation （STC） in rats. MethodThe rat model of STC was established by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride. Rats were assigned into control， model， mosapride， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.51， 7.02， and 14.04 g·kg^-1， respectively） Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups. The changes of general signs， fecal moisture content， and intestinal propulsion rate were measured after model establishment and drug administration. The colonic mucosal changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the content of substance P （SP） and vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） in the colon of rats in each group. The gray values of aquaporin （AQP） 3， AQP4， AQP8， and c-Kit in rat colon tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot， and the changes of intestinal flora were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultCompared with the model group， 10 days of treatment with Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription increased the fecal moisture content and intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups and the mosapride group showed no obvious mucosal inflammation and neat arrangement of goblet cells with a large number in the colon tissue. Moreover， the three groups showed increased SP content （P<0.01） and decreased VIP content （P<0.01） in the serum. The medium- and high-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups showed down-regulated protein levels of AQP3， AQP4， and AQP8 （P<0.01） and up-regulated protein level of c-Kit （P<0.01）. The drug administration groups presented slightly increased observed species， Chao1， ACE， and Shannon， Simpson， and PD whole tree. The principal component analysis showed that the control group had a short distance with the high- and medium-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription groups， indicating that high- and medium-dose Yiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription can recover the intestinal flora to that in the control group. ConclusionYiqi Huoxue Tongbian prescription can alleviate the defecation status of rats with slow transit constipation by down-regulating the expression of AQP3， AQP4， and AQP8 to reduce the absorption of water in the intestine， up-regulating the expression of c-Kit to increase the number and distribution of Cajal interstitial cells， and regulating the balance of flora in the colon tissue.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is one of the common rheumatic and immune diseases in children. It has a sudden onset, obvious systemic symptoms, and lung involvement. However, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with an early manifestation of pulmonary ground-glass opacities combined with macrophage activation syndrome is rare. The clinical data of a child with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with pulmonary ground-glass shadow and macrophage activation syndrome who was admitted to Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively in order to improve the understanding of rheumatic diseases and pulmonary lesions. The child was admitted to the hospital for 10 days due to rash and fever. Thoracic CT showed scattered ground glass like shadows in both lungs due to the prevention and control screening of COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic situation. After admission, the child was still repeatedly flaccid with high fever, accompanied by dysfunction of both lower limbs. The knee joint MRI found that there was synovitis in the knee joint, and various laboratory indicators suggested macrophage activation syndrome. After that, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis was diagnosed. After being treated with methylprednisolone, cyclosporine and topzumab, the clinical remission and the ground-glass shadow of the lung basically disappeared. Through the analysis of this case, it is suggested that clinicians should not ignore other diseases that cause ground glass shadow in the lung during the current epidemic of COVID-19.

Objective:To improve clinicians' understanding of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and to reduce missed and misdiagnosis.Methods:The clinical data of a patient with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children admitted to Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, together with literature review.Results:A 10-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with a fever for 5 days. This patient had a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection 1 month prior to admission; after admission, he continued to have recurring high fevers, accompanied by abdominal pain and Kawasaki disease like manifestations, shock, multiple organ function impairment, and a significant increase in inflammatory indicators. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with MIS-C, treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids and aspirin, and discharged with clinical improvement.Conclusion:MIS-C was a novel syndrome with Kawasaki-like manifestations.Currently, the overall prognosis for MIS-C is good, but its pathogenesis is unclear and the therapeutic consensus remains limited. More studies are needed to clarify the best diagnosis and treatment methods and true prognosis.

Objective Under noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, in view of inconvenient operations in human airway, and avoiding the interference of spontaneous breathing and the necessary leakage flow, the method for dynamic online monitoring of the respiratory resistance (R) and compliance (C) was studied.Methods At the end of expiration, when the exhaled flow was 0, relative to the expiration positive airway pressure (EPAP), a step-dropped pressure was produced with the amplitude Δp and hold time Δt. Under this dropped pressure, a short-time discharged flow was generated from the lung, and the discharged flow was applied to calculate the R and C. In addition, a respiratory model was developed in MATLAB to simulate the breaths of normal adult, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient. A serial of simulation experiments were carried out for obtaining data and verification.Results The calculated R and C from simulation for normal adult, ARDS patient, COPD patient, deviated from the actual value by 1.60% and -1.60%, 1.21% and -1.19%, -12.53% and 14.32%, respectively.Conclusions The proposed algorithm is practicable and feasible for calculating the R and C. The simulation results are beneficial for studying and realizing the intelligent ventilation and proportional assist ventilation in respirator.