The intestine is the main site of oral drug absorption, and the epithelial cells of the intestine contain villi and microvilli, which promote secretion, cell adhesion, and absorption by increasing surface area and other factors. Traditional two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) cell culture models and animal models have played an important role in studying drug absorption, but their application is limited due to the lack of sufficient predictability of human pharmacokinetics or ethical issues, etc. Therefore, mimicking the core structure and key functions of the human intestine based on in vitro live cells has been the focus of research on constructing a microfluidic chip-based intestinal model. The model is a microfluidic chip bionic system that simulates the complex microstructure, microenvironment, and physiological functions of the human intestine using microfabrication technology. Compared with 2D cell culture and animal experiments, the intestinal microarray model can effectively simulate the human in vivo environment and is more specific in drug screening. The research progress and applications in disease modeling, drug absorption and transport of intestinal microarray models and intestine-related multi-organ coupled microarray models at home and abroad were reviewed in this paper. The current challenges of intestinal chip simulating intestinal homeostasis and diseases were summarized，in order to provide reference for the further establishment of a more reliable in vitro intestinal chip model.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology has the characteristics of high specificity and high throughput, making it rapidly applied and developed in the field of clinical testing. Its application in the monitoring of therapeutic drugs can effectively improve the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity, and formulate a personalized and optimal dosing plan for patients. However, this technology still faces some challenges, and automation, quality control, and quantitative traceability will be the future development direction.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an important factor in the auto-immune response of our bodies.Considering the mechanism of activating CD8+ T cells after the activation of STING protein, the combination of STING agonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of tumor immunotherapy has good clinical application prospect.In this paper, the research progress of molecular types, mechanism of action and structural modifications of STING agonists were reviewed.The developing tendency were outlined to provide some references for further investigation.

The proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has been rapidly developed since its birth in 2001, attracting rapidly growing attention of scientific institutes and pharmaceutical companies. At present, a variety of small molecule PROTACs have entered the clinical trial. However, as small molecule PROTACs flourish, non-small molecule PROTACs (NSM-PROTACs) such as peptide PROTACs, nucleic acid PROTACs and antibody PROTACs have also advanced considerably over recent years, exhibiting the unique characters beyond the small molecule PROTACs. Here, we briefly introduce the types of NSM-PROTACs, describe the advantages of NSM-PROTACs, and summarize the development of NSM-PROTACs so far in detail. We hope this article could not only provide useful insights into NSM-PROTACs, but also expand the research interest of NSM-PROTACs.

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is the most common complication in patients discharged from intensive care unit (ICU), which seriously affects the life quality of the patients. At present, there is still lack of standardevaluation methods for PICS. Continuous and dynamic assessment can earlyidentify PICS, moreover, early identification and intervention of PICS can improve the life quality of patients those patients, which is critical to improve the long-term outcome of the patients. In this paper, we reviewed the current research states of evaluation timing, contents, tools and modalities of PICS domestic and abroad, analyzed the problems and prospects of the existing evaluation methods, aiming to provide a reference for clinical staff to effectively and comprehensively evaluate PICS.

OBJECTIVES: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) is the damage of the basal layer of the endometrium caused by various reasons, resulting in adhesion of the uterine muscle walls to each other, which is manifested as clinical symptoms such as spanomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA) is the main treatment, for patients with moderate or severe adhesion or angular adhesion, the incidence of postoperative adhesion is high. Traditional Chinese medicine "Yangmo decoction" can promote endometrial growth. Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVUS) can judge IUA and evaluate uterine receptivity through three-dimensional imaging. This study aims to investigate the value of 3D-TVUS in judging the efficacy of Yangmo decoction in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions. METHODS: The clinical data of patients who underwent HA at two different centers in department of Gynecology of Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Changsha Jiangwan Hospital from January 2021 to August 2021 were retrospectively collected. A total of 275 eligible patients were included. According to the postoperative management measures, the selected patients were divided into two groups. Yangmo decoction group (n=138): the use of Yangmo decoction and uterine-shaped silicon stent post HA; Hormone group (n=137): the use of estrogen, progesterone and uterine-shaped silicon stent post HA. The preoperative general data, preoperative and postoperative 3D-TVUS parameters of the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: The endometrial thickness of Yangmo decoction group was thicker than that of hormone group (P<0.001), the intercornual distance was wider (P=0.016), the endometrial echo was more homogeneous (P=0.018), the percentage of bilaterally visible tubal opening was higher (P<0.001), the endometrial morphology was better (P=0.012), and endometrial blood flow, endometrial motility and uterine motion were better in Yangmo decoction group than that in the hormone group (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The endometrial thickness, echo, blood flow, and peristalsis, the number of visible tubal opening, uterine motion, and the intercornual distance obtained by 3D-TVUS examination are important factors to evaluate the prognosis of postoperative drug treatment for IUA. 3D-TVUS is of great significance in evaluating the efficacy of Yangmo decoction in the treatment of IUA.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Hormones

Glucose-regulated protein 94(Grp94), an endoplasmic reticulum resident Hsp90 paralog, has a limited set of client proteins. Selective inhibition of Grp94 has emerged as a new direction for the development of drugs targeting the Hsp90 chaperone system. Now Grp94-Probe, an affinity-based probe of Grp94, was designed and synthesized based on DDO-5813, a most potent Grp94-selective inhibitor we found previously. Using fluorescence polarization(FP)assay and double staining assay with ER-Red in cells, we confirmed the binding of Grp94-Probe with ER Grp94. The FR results showed that the probe exhibited high affinity for Grp94N(EC50=117. 9 nmol/L)without exhibiting obvious Hsp90α inhibition, Moreover, as a fluorescence probe molecule, Grp94-Probe could better distinguish the inhibitory activity of compounds for Grp94N. The results of fluorescence analysis in cells showed that Grp94-Probe could co-stain with ER-Red in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the fluorescence did not decay rapidly with time after 4 h of staining, which further indicated the binding of Grp94-Probe with Grp94 in cells. This Grp94 selective probe can be further used for biology evaluation of Grp94 inhibitor and exploration of Grp94 biological functions.

Objective To compare the accuracy of double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) and multi-detector row CT (MDCT) in determining the gross classification in patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) preoperatively.Methods 239 patients with GC proved by endoscopic biopsy were included.DCEUS (intravenous microbubbles combined with oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and MDCT were performed preoperatively.The diagnostic accuracy of DCEUS and MDCT in determining gross classification was calculated and compared.Results The overall accuracy of DCEUS in determining the gross appearance of GC was higher than that of MDCT (85％ vs.80％,P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in accuracy between DCEUS and MDCT for Borrmann Ⅰ and Ⅳ classification of AGC (x2 =1.175,P =0.323 for type Ⅰ;x2 =2.171,P =0.141 for type Ⅳ);the accuracy of DCEUS for EGC,Borrmann Ⅱ and Ⅲ classification of GC was higher than that of MDCT (x2 =16.307,P =0.000 for EGC;x2 =39.950,P =0.000 for type Ⅱ;x2 =35.770,P =0.000 for type Ⅲ).Conclusion DCEUS is valuable in determining gross typing of gastric adenocarcinoma preoperatively.

Objective To investigate the outpatient visitor′s B19 infection in Fuzhou area, study the correlation between B19 virus infection and clinical diseases.Methods The infection status of B19V IgM and IgG in 22 089 outpatient visitors in Fuzhou area from 2011 to 2016 has been retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into different groups according to sex,age,different pregnant outcomes, healthy people and hematopoietic system diseases.Results The positive rate in 22 089 patients of B19V IgM was 4.5%(998/22 089)and the IgG positive rate was 36.9%(8 155/22 089); The positive rate of B19V IgM in female patients(4.8%,546/11 374)was higher than male patients(4.2%,452/10 715)(χ2=4.333,P<0.05); The middle-aged and elderly patients IgG positive rate(53.6%,3 629/6 772;54.3%,1 542/2 838)were significantly higher than infants,children and young people(36.0%,989/2 747;25.4%,237/934;20.0%,1 758/8 797); The positive rate of IgM in adverse pregnancy outcomes (8.2%,20/245)was higher than normal pregnant women(3.3%,23/688)(χ2=9.548,P<0.05).In pancytopenia,thrombocytopenia and anemia patients, the positive rates of B19V IgG were 39.8%(165/415),38.1%(297/780)and 35.4%(81/226)respectively, all of which were higher than that in the healthy people(14.4%,78/543)(χ2=80.127,88.626,43.461; P<0.05).Conclusions The outpatient visitor′s infection rate of B19V in Fuzhou is high.B19V is a common virus who can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.What′s more, it also can lead to pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia or other related hematopoietic diseases.

Objective To investigate the situation of nurse job burnout and the occurrence of nursing adverse events in western area of Chongqing,and to analyse the correlation between them.Methods A total of 5 hospitals in different district of west area of Chongqing was randomly selected.Then the sample of nurses meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was selected by random number table method,200 nurses were selected in each hospital.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the adverse events of nursing,and the structural equation model was applied to analyze the relationship between nurses job burnout and nursing adverse events.Results A total of 1 000 nurses were surveyed,and 998 valid questionnaires were collected.The rate of nurse job burnout and the incidence of nursing adverse events in the survey year were 56.41％ and 54.21％,respectively.Among nurses with job burnout,85.08 ％ occurred nursing adverse events.The increased workload,night shift,no officially budgeted post and with occupational burnout were factors affecting the incidence of nursing adverse events (OR=1.250,1.445,1.615,1.991,P＜ 0.05).The emotional exhaustion dimension of job burnout had the greatest effect on nursing adverse events (the standard partial regression coefficient was 0.31,P＜0.05),followed by the disintegration of personality (the standard partial regression coefficient was 0.29,P＜0.05),while the reduction in the sense of accomplishment had no direct effect on nursing adverse events.Conclusion In hospitals of the western area of Chongqing,the prevalence of nurse job burnout is comparatively serious,and the incidence of nursing adverse events is relatively high.The nurse job burnout and nursing adverse events might be positively correlated.