Objective To investigate the expression of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1(LEF1)in B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders(B-CLPD)and estimate its value in the differential diagnosis of the subtype of B-CLPD.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients diagnosed with B-CLPD by using bone marrow biopsy samples or lymphnode biopsy samples from Hematology Department of The Second People′s Hospital of Wuhu from September 2018 to June 2023,as well as 20 bone marrow biopsy samples which were diagnosis as non-hematologic malignancy in the control group.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of LEF1 in 78 samples,and statistical analysis was conducted.Results In all 78 cases,16 of 20 chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients were LEF1 positive,the positive rate was 80%;mantle cell lymphoma 1/12;Follicular lymphoma 1/5;marginal zone cell lymphoma 0/11;Lymphoplasmacyticlymphom 0/8;hairy cell leukemia 0/2;in Control group no patient was LEF1 positive(P = 0.000).The expression of LEF1 is correlated with CD200 and CLL score(P<0.05).In the LEF1 negative group with 4 CLL patients,2 were detected with +12 chromosomal abnormality,the detective rate was higher than that of the LEF1 positive group(P>0.05).Conclusion LEF1 was a sensitive and specific diagnosis marker in CLL and B-CLPD subtype.

Objective:To discuss the effect of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula on the malignant biological behaviors of the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by requlating protein kinase B(Akt)/murine double minute 2(MDM2)/P53 signaling pathway.Methods:The HepG2 cells were treated with 0,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40,0.80,1.60,3.20,and 6.40 g·mL-1 Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula for 48 h.CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rates of the HepG2 cells in various groups,and the concentrations of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula for the subsequent experiments were screened.The HepG2 cells were divided into control group,low dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group(0.2 g·mL-1),medium dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group(0.4 g·mL-1),high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group(0.8 g·mL-1),SC79 group(8 mg·L-1 SC79),and high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group(0.8 g·mL-1 Fuzheng Ruijian Anticancer Formula+8 mg·L-1 SC79).CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation activities of the HepG2 cells in various groups;clone formation assay was used to detect the clone formation rates of the HepG2 cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells in various groups;Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the numbers of migration and invasion HepG2 cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cysteine aspartate specific proteinase(Caspase-3),matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),phosphorylated MDM2(p-MDM2),and P53 proteins in the HepG2 cells in various groups.Results:As the increasing of concentrations of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula(0,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40,0.80,1.60,3.20,and 6.40 g·mL-1),the surival rates of the HepG2 cells were gradually decreased(P<0.05),and 0.2,0.4,and 0.8 g·mL-1 Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula were selected for the subsequent experiments.The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with control group,the proliferation activities of the HepG2 cells in low,medium,and high doses of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),in a dose-dependent manner,while the proliferation activity of the cells in SC79 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group,the proliferation activity of the HepG2 cells in high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The clone formation assay results showed that compared with control group,the clone formation rates of the HepG2 cells in low,medium,and high doses of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,while the clone formation rate of the cells in SC79 group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group,the clone formation rate of the cells in high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells in low,medium,and high doses of Fuzheng Ruijian Anticancer Formula groups were significantly increased(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,while the apoptotic rate of the cells in SC79 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group,the apoptotic rate of the cells in high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Transwell chamber assay results showed that compared with control group,the numbers of migration and invasion HepG2 cells in low,medium,and high doses of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,while the numbers of migration and invasion cells in SC79 group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group,the numbers of migration and invasion HepG2 cells in high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,p-Akt,and p-MDM2 proteins in the cells in low,medium,and high doses of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,while the expression levels of Caspase-3 and P53 proteins were significantly increased(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner,while the expression levels of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,p-Akt,and p-MDM2 proteins in the cells in SC79 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and P53 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula group,the expression levels of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,p-Akt,and p-MDM2 proteins in the cells in high dose of Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula+SC79 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of Caspase-3 and P53 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Fuzheng Ruanjian Anticancer Formula may inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the HepG2 cells and promote the apoptosis,and its mechanism may be related to suppressing the Akt/MDM2 signaling pathway and upregulating the P53 proteim expression.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are widely used in industry, pharmaceutical and consumer packaging materials, and medical products. The biological health impacts of PS-NPs are receiving increasing attention. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a literature review of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies from a biological mechanism perspective. Based on the latest research results at home and abroad, this review introduced the characteristics and cell internalization of PS-NPs in cytotoxicity experiments, and summarized the effects of PS-NPs on cytotoxic targets such as mitochondria, lysosomes, proteins, and DNA. In addition, the influencing factors of the health effects of PS-NPs were analyzed from the aspects of physical and chemical properties and cell types. Finally, by discussing the current research hotspots of cytotoxicity mechanism and biological effects, it was anticipated to provide a reference for the health risk management and biological safety assessment of PS-NPs.

Objective: To discuss the correlation between the extraction timing of mesiodens and the orthodontic treatment duration of its eruption-related complications in children to provide a reference for the clinic. Methods : The mesiodentes of 187 children were classified as eruption type (typeⅠ), dental crown impacted type (type Ⅱ), interdental impacted type (type Ⅲ), and dental root impacted type (type Ⅳ). According to the timing of extraction, mesiodentes in typeⅠ, type Ⅲ, and type Ⅳ were divided into Groups A: before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor and B: after the eruption of the adjacent central incisor. Mesiodentes in type Ⅱ were divided into Group A: before the eruption of the contralateral central incisor and B: after the eruption of the contralateral central incisor. Eruption-related complications and orthodontic treatment durations caused by mesiodens were statistically analyzed. Results : There were 106 cases of displacement, 28 cases of failed eruption, 27 cases of tooth rotation, and 26 cases of individual cross-bite among the eruption-related complications caused by mesiodens. The mean orthodontic treatment cycle in Group A of type Ⅰ (7.07 ± 2.45 month), Group A of type Ⅱ (6.57 ± 1.12 month), and Group A of type Ⅲ (6.95 ± 2.52 month) were lower than that in Group B of type Ⅰ (9.67 ± 3.04 month), Group B of type Ⅱ (10.25 ± 1.29 month), and Group B of type Ⅲ (9.33 ± 3.26 month), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the mean orthodontic treatment duration between Groups A (6.00 ± 0.94 month) and B (6.33 ± 0.80 month) of type Ⅳ (P>0.05). Conclusion In most cases, the mesiodens are removed before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor, which can reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment for eruption-related complications in children.

Chloride voltage-gated channel, as an important ion channel in living organisms, has many important physiological functions.The gene encoding chloride voltage-gated channel protein is CLCN, which has nine members(CLCN1~7, CLCNKa, and CLCNKb).The CLCN gene variants lead to abnormal expression of chloride channel proteins, which affect the biological activities of neuronal signaling, ion homeostasis, intracellular transport, and lysosomal protein degradation, thereby altering ion channel gating properties, interfering with the normal developmental process of the nervous system, and causing the development of intellectual disability.In recent years, further studies of the CLCN gene have found that the variants in some members of this family are closely related to intellectual disability.This review will discuss the correlation between the chloride voltage-gated channel and intellectual disability.

Objective:To explore any effect of orofacial myofunction therapy (OMT) on the swallowing and speech of children with Pierre-Robin malformation (PRS) after a corrective operation.Methods:Fifty-two children with dysphagia caused by PRS mandibular distraction osteogenesis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 26. All were given routine nutrition support, but the observation group was additionally provided with OMT. Swallowing disorders, nutritional risk and body mass index were compared between the two groups after 6 months of the intervention. Orofacial muscle functioning and speech and language disorders were also compared between the two groups at the age of 3.Results:After the 6-month intervention the average Ichiro Fujishima dysphagia score in the observation group had improved significantly compared with before treatment and with the control group. The observation group′s nutritional status was also significantly better. At age three the orofacial myofunction classification of the observation group remained significantly better, on average, than that in the control group, and dysarthria or language retardation was significantly less prevalent.Conclusion:OMT can significantly improve the swallowing function, speech and nutritional status of children after surgery to correct PRS. This therapy is worthy of promotion and clinical application.

Objective:To evaluate and compare the clinical value of unadjusted fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX) and adjusted FRAX in predicting the risk of hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods:In this 10-year retrospective cohort study, 1 730 patients with T2DM were collected from August 2009 to July 2013. The 10-year risk of hip fracture was calculated using the China FRAX model. Hip fracture events during the follow-up period were collected through electronic medical records and telephone interviews. The value of FRAX and adjusted FRAX in predicting the risk of hip fracture in T2DM patients was evaluated from two aspects of discrimination and calibration. Cox regression model was used to investigate the relationship between diabetes related factors and hip fracture.Results:A total of 39 participants(2.3%) experienced hip fracture during a median follow-up of 10 years. The area under the curve of unadjusted FRAX was 0.760, but the calibration ability was poor [calibration χ2: 75.78, P<0.001; calibration ratio(observation/prediction): 3.97(95% CI 2.76~5.17)]. There was no significant improvement in calibration ability of adjusted FRAX. After adjustment for unadjusted or adjusted hip fracture probability calculated by FRAX(FRAX-HF), duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, insulin use, cerebrovascular diseases, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy were significantly associated with an increased risk of hip fracture( P<0.05). Conclusion:The FRAX tool significantly underestimated the risk of hip fracture in T2DM patients, and there was still significantly underestimation after adjustment due to the failure to eliminate the influence of diabetes-related factors such as disease duration and peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To explore the ability of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to predict the gross motor development of high-risk infants.Methods:A total of 207 high-risk infants were assessed with the HINE and the Gesell Developmental Schedule (GDS) at the ages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. They were then divided into a normal development group and a delayed group according to their gross motor development at 12 months old. The validity of the HINE′s discrimination was quantified retrospectively as the difference in the total HINE score at each follow-up month between the two groups. Spearman coefficients relating the total HINE score with the gross motor development quotient from the GDS were calculated at each follow-up month. The HINE′s total score threshold for predicting gross motor retardation at 12 months was determined from a receiver operating characteristics curve, and the predictive validity, sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by calculating the area under the curve.Results:At each time point the average total HINE score of the delayed group was significantly lower than the normal group′s average. The correlation between the HINE total scores and the GDS gross motor development quotients was strongest at 6 months old, and weakest at 3 months. The threshold total HINE score for predicting gross motor retardation at 12 months old was 60 at 3 months, 67 at 6 months, and then 71. The instrument′s sensitivity and specificity were very good at all four time points.Conclusion:The HINE can usefully predict gross motor retardation in the first year of life for high-risk infants. The critical value of the total score can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic reference for neuromotor development in such infants.

Objective:To observe the effect of oral-facial muscle training applying virtual reality technology (VR) and of action observation therapy on the salivation of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:Sixty CP children with uncontrolled salivation were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 30. In addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment, the control group received routine tongue muscle training, buccal lip muscle training, ice stimulation, and Masako swallowing training. The observation group received oral-facial muscle training based on action observation therapy in a virtual environment. Both groups were trained 30min per day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, drooling (DDSS) and swallowing function scores were evaluated. Integrated surface electromyography (iEMG) of the buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles was also performed.Results:After treatment, a significant decrease was observed in the average DDSS and the swallowing function scores of both the control and observation groups, along with a significant increase in the average root mean square values of the buccinator and orbicularis oris iEMGs of both groups. However, the average DDSS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the average iEMG readings were significantly better.Conclusion:VR-based action observation oral-facial muscle training is a more effective supplement to conventional rehabilitation treatment than conventional oral-facial muscle training in improving the salivation of children with CP.

Objective:To explore the understanding among medical rehabilitation staff about pain in children with cerebral palsy.Methods:A questionnaire was developed by referring to the literature on children′s rehabilitation and pain. It was used to survey 856 rehabilitation personnel including 110 doctors, 313 therapists and 433 nurses from 12 hospitals in 10 provinces using an online platform at www.wjx.cn.Results:The overall rate of correct responses was (67.89±13.35) %. Doctors and therapists scored about 70% correct and nurses about 65%. There were significant differences in pain knowledge related with educational background, age, work experience and position. Gender, professional title and parent status were not significant predictors. About 93% of those surveyed thought it was necessary to provide pain-related training, and 95% were willing to receive such training.Conclusions:There is a lack of knowledge about pain in children with cerebral palsy among rehabilitation medical staff. It is urgent to provide more related training and guidance to those in clinical practice.