To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute diquat poisoning complicated by central nervous system injury (CNSI) and identify early risk factors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for reducing mortality in diquat poisoning with CNSI.

“Chinese Pharmacopoeia” is the legal basis for drug development, production, operation, use and management in China, and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition is going to be issued and implemented. This article introduces the revision and amendment situations, analyzes the characteristics of the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia and the future development direction of national standards for better understanding and implementation of the latest edition of pharmacopoeia.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Wuzhi capsule/schisantherin A (SchA) combined with cyclophosphamide on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in rats. METHODS: A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into CTX group (via tail vein, iv, CTX solution 300 mg/kg), CTX+WZC group (ig, Wuzhi capsule 300 mg/kg+via tail vein, iv, CTX solution 300 mg/kg), CTX + SchA low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose and excessive high-dose groups (ig, SchA 30, 300, 3 000, 30 000 μg/kg+via tail vein, iv, CTX solution 300 mg/kg) with 6 rats in each group. Blood samples were collected from orbital venous plexus of rats before medication and 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h after medication.UPLC-MS/MS method was applied for concentration determination of CTX and its metabolites [de-chloroethyl CTX (DC-CTX), 4-ketone CTX (4-keto CTX), carboxyl phosphamide (CPM)] in plasma of rats. The plasma concentration-time curve was obtained. The pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by using DAS 2. 0 software. RESULTS: The maximum plasma concentration (cmax) of DC-CTX in CTX group, CTX+WZC group, CTX+SchA low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose and excessive high-dose groups were (22 167. 85 ±2 844. 93), (10 920. 53 ± 1 490. 89), (18 951. 29 ± 1 558. 81), (18 622. 08 ± 791. 19), (18 515. 20 ± 2 560. 61), (15 133. 21 ± 1 305. 07) μg/mL, respectively; the area under the curves (AUCo-48 h) were (173 864. 01 ± 65 342. 21), (100 996. 98 ± 33 530. 02), (137 028. 16 ± 45 975. 19), (131 650. 18 ± 53 196. 41), (113 699. 40 ± 34 131. 36), (110 773. 27 ± 30 307. 15) μg·mL/h, respectively. Compared with CTX group, cmax of DC-CTX in CTX group, CTX+SchA low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose and excessive high-dose groups were decreased by 50. 74％, 14. 51％, 16. 10％, 16. 48％, 31. 73％, respectively. AUC0-48 h were decreased by about 42. 23％, 21. 45％, 24. 63％, 33. 37％, 36. 55％, respectively; with statistical significance (P<0. 05). The pharmacokinetic indexes as t1/2, tmax had no significant change. CONCLUSIONS: To some degree, both WZC and SchA can reduce the generation of DC-CTX, which indicates both of them can inhibit CTX toxicity metabolism pathway so as to reduce the generation of toxic metabolite chloroacetaldehyde. The inhibitory effect of SchA on toxicity metabolism pathway is weaker than that of WZC, and does not have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect.

Objective To confirm the hepatotoxicity of valproic acid (VPA ) and its metabolites (2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid ,3-hydroxy valproic acid ,5-hydroxy valproic acid) on human liver cells .Methods Cells were divided into control group and VPA-treated group .The control group was conventionally cultured while the VPA-treated group was treated with valproic acid and its metabolites . The rate of cell proliferation was assayed by CCK 8 protocol . The mRNA levels of CYP1A1 , CYP1A2 ,PCNA ,Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real time PCR .The correlated protein levels were measured by Western Blotting .The activity of LDH ,AST and ALT were also detected .Results Compared to the control group ,with the increases of concentrations and reaction time of VPA and its metabolites ,the proliferation rate of L02-cell was reduced ,the mRNA and protein levels of CYP1A1 ,CYP1A2 ,and Bax was increased ,the mRNA and protein level of PCNA and Bcl-2 was decreased , AST ,ALT ,and LDH were also elevated in the treated group .Conclusion Valproic acid and its metabolites were positively re-lated to hepatotoxicity .

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of human mitochondrial transcription termi-nation factor-3 ( hMTERF3) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLS) and to analyze its clinicopathological significance. Methods The paraffin block samples used in this study included 65 cases of NSCLC and 32 cases of normal alveolar epithelial tissues. We determined the expressions of hMTERF3 in NSCLC and normal alveolar epithelial tis-sues by immunohistochemistry, calculate the survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the risk factors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Results In the 65 cases of NSCLC, 31 ( 47. 69%) showed positive expression of hMTERF3. The total survival time was significantly shor-ter in the patients with a high than in those with a low hMTERF3 ex-pression ([30.39±3.35] vs [57.61±7.12] mo, P<0.05). The riskfactors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC included positive expression of hMTERF3 (HR=3.302, 95% CI:1.598-6.905) and lymph node metastasis (HR=4.052, 95% CI: 1.212-12.398). Conclusion hMTERF3 is overexpressed in NSCLC. Highly expressed hMTERF3 and lymph node metastasis reduce the survival time of NSCLC patients, suggesting that hMTERF3 may be a potential bio-marker for the prognosis of NSCLC.

Objective The proteins encoded by mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 ( MTERF1) plays important roles in regulating the mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative phosphorylation .This study was to investigate the characteristics and regulation mechanisms of the human MTERF1 gene with bioinformatics tools . Methods Using online bioinformatics software and phylogenetic foot-printing, we analyzed the promoter distribution , GpG island, transcription factors , and binding sites of the human MTERF1 gene. Results The human MTERF1 gene was located on 7q21.2, with a full length of 7845 bp, consisting of 4 exons and 3 introns.There were at least 2 promoters in the 5′region of the gene.The core promoter of the MTERF1 gene was located between 1878 and 2447 bp, which played a key role in its transcription .An 812 bp CpG island was observed in the gene promoter region .In addi-tion, 26 transcription factor binding sites were found in the conserved promoter region of human and mouse homologous MTERF1 genes. Conclusion Gene promoter-related online bioinformatics software can improve the efficiency of human MTERF1 gene promoter resear-ches and provide significant information for the prediction of gene pro-moter function.