[Objective] To explore the predictive value of HALP score for prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was conducted on laboratory indicators and related clinical data of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients, treated at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2016 to October 2023, prior to their first treatment. The HALP score was calculated, and the optimal cutoff value for HALP was determined using X-tile software. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves for high HALP and low HALP groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox regression model, and a forest plot was generated using Graphpad Prism to illustrate factors that may impact patient prognosis. The predictive ability of HALP score combined with β2-microglobulin and ECOG score for prognosis in MM patients was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. [Results] A total of 203 MM patients were included, with the optimal cutoff value for HALP score being 29.15 (P<0.05). Among them, 101 patients were in the low HALP score group, and 102 patients were in the high HALP score group. The results of univariate and multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model showed that a HALP score <29.15 was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of HALP score with β2-microglobulin and ECOG score had a higher predictive value for prognosis in MM patients compared to using HALP score alone. [Conclusion] The HALP score is closely related to the prognosis of patients with NDMM. A low HALP score indicates a poorer prognosis, while the combination of HALP score with β2-microglobulin and ECOG score provides a higher predictive value when assessed together.

OBJECTIVE To observe the short-term efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS The data of 40 newly diagnosed AML patients admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively collected and divided into observation group and control group according to treatment plan， with 20 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given Daunorubicin hydrochloride for injection+Cytarabine for injection， and the patients in the observation group were given Venetoclax tablets+ Homoharringtonine injection+Cytarabine for injection. The patients in both groups were given relevant medicine， with 28 days as one cycle. The short-term efficacy， negative rate of minimal residual disease （MRD）， duration of granulocyte deficiency， duration of platelet （PLT） ＜20×109 L－1， transfusion volume of suspended red blood cells and platelet， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were evaluated in both groups after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS The complete remission or complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery （CR/CRi） rate in the observation group was significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）， and the negative rate of MRD in the observation group was also significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）. However， in low-， medium- and high-risk patients， there was no statistical significance in CR/CRi rates between the two groups （P＞0.05）. There were no significant differences in the duration of agranulocytosis， the duration of PLT ＜20×109 L－1， the amount of suspended red blood cell transfusion， the amount of platelet transfusion， the incidence of hematologic toxicity and the incidence of non-hematologic toxicity between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Venetoclax combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine show good short-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of AML.

The application of Raman spectroscopy in the field of laboratory medicine is making continuous progress and development. The biosensor platform based on Raman spectroscopy provides a new means for accurate molecular diagnosis of diseases. In particular, as a fast and non-destructive detection method, surface-enhanced Raman scattering has the advantages of simple sample preparation, little interference from water and real-time detection, and shows great application potential in the field of medical examination. At the same time, with the integration of SERS and other technologies, including electrochemistry, new nano-materials, microfluidic, biochip, DNA nano-machine, artificial intelligence and machine learning, it will play a more and more important role in the field of medical laboratory. With the deepening of SERS research and the cross-integration between multiple disciplines, it will be widely used in biomedical detection and is expected to become an important technology platform for the next generation of precision diagnosis.

Preimplantation genetic testing is an important part in assisted reproductive technology,which can block the intergenerational inheritance of a single gene or chromosomal diseases.Preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic disease risk(PGT-P)is one of the latest developments in the field.With the development of artificial intelligence and genetic detection technology,PGT-P can be used to analyze genetic material,calculate polygenic risk scores and convert these into incidence probability.Embryos with relatively low incidence probability can be screened for transfer,in order to reduce the possibility that the offspring suffers from the disease in the future.This has significant clinical and social significance.At present,PGT-P has been applied clinically and made phased progress at home and abroad.But as a developing technology,PGT-P still has some technical limitations as unstable results,environmental influences and racial differences cannot be ruled out.From the ethical perspective,if the screening indications are not strictly regulated,it is likely to cause new social problems.In this paper,we review the technical details and recent progress in PGT-P,and discuss the prospects of its future development,especially how to establish a complete and suitable screening model for Chinese population.

Trabecular network, as the first resistance site of the aqueous humor outflow pathway, plays an important role in the regulation of intraocular pressure.Alteration of the biomechanical properties of trabecular meshwork may affect the aqueous humor outflow of filtration system and is of great importance in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).There may be a correlation between intraocular pressure and mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork, but the current research shows that the mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork are mainly affected by genetic and gene mutation, age, extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton components, lysophosphatidic acid, low dexamethasone, Rho-related protein kinase inhibitors and other factors.In addition, other intraocular diseases may affect the mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork.Under mechanical traction, the strain produced by trabecular meshwork may indicate the molecular mechanism of aqueous outflow, the regulation mechanism of outflow pathway and the pathogenesis of POAG under high intraocular pressure.The biomechanical properties of trabecular meshwork will provide a more powerful theoretical and experimental basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.This paper reviews the status of research on trabecular meshwork biomechanical measurement methods, influencing factors and sensing pathways of trabecular meshwork cell, in order to further elaborate the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of POAG.

Goniotomy (GT) is a safe and effective type of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) extensively utilized in China.It is particularly suited for treating primary open-angle glaucoma and advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma.Although GT is generally safe, hyphema and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes remain common complications after GT.Currently, there is no standardized protocol for managing these issues, which can impact clinicians' assessment of surgical outcomes and potentially affect the prognosis.Therefore, it is crucial to establish comprehensive and detailed management protocols for perioperative hyphema and IOP spike following GT.This will guide clinical practitioners in managing complications appropriately and systematically, thereby promoting the further development and refinement of MIGS.To address these concerns, several domestic glaucoma treatment experts along with members of the Glaucoma Society of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Medical Association reviewed existing literature and held recommendation meetings to develop a guideline for managing perioperative hyphema and IOP spikes following GT.It includes defining perioperative hyphema in GT, discussing its high-risk factors and outcomes, exploring methods for prevention prior to surgery and techniques to reduce bleeding during the procedure, and managing postoperative hemorrhage.Additionally, it covers defining IOP spikes after GT, investigates their causes and contributing factors, and outlines management strategies and anticipated outcomes to provide a valuable resource for clinicians.

Inhibiting the death receptor 3(DR3)signaling pathway in group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)pre-sents a promising approach for promoting mucosal repair in individuals with ulcerative colitis(UC).Paeoniflorin,a prominent component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,has demonstrated the ability to restore barrier function in UC mice,but the precise mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to delve into whether paeoniflorin may promote intestinal mucosal repair in chronic colitis by inhibiting DR3 signaling in ILC3s.C57BL/6 mice were subjected to random allocation into 7 distinct groups,namely the control group,the 2％dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)group,the paeoniflorin groups(25,50,and 100 mg/kg),the anti-tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A(anti-TL1A)antibody group,and the IgG group.We detected the expression of DR3 signaling pathway proteins and the proportion of ILC3s in the mouse colon using Western blot and flow cytometry,respectively.Meanwhile,DR3-overexpressing MNK-3 cells and 2％ DSS-induced Rag1-/-mice were used for verification.The results showed that paeoniflorin alleviated DSS-induced chronic colitis and repaired the intestinal mucosal barrier.Simultaneously,paeoniflorin inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s and regulated the content of cytokines(interleukin-17A,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and interleukin-22).Alternatively,paeoniflorin directly inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s to repair mucosal damage indepen-dently of the adaptive immune system.We additionally confirmed that paeoniflorin-conditioned me-dium(CM)restored the expression of tight junctions in Caco-2 cells via coculture.In conclusion,paeoniflorin ameliorates chronic colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier in an ILC3-dependent manner,and its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the DR3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Guizhi Tongluo Tablets(GZTLP)on improving atherosclerosis in APOE knockout mice by regulating neutrophil extracellular trapping nets(NETs).Methods After modeling,24 APOE knockout mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups:GZTLP high-dose group,low-dose group,model control group and normal control group,with 6 mice in each group.GZTLP was given 1.87 mg·g-1 and 0.47 mg·g-1 intragastric administration in high-dose group and low-dose group,respectively.The normal control group and model control group were given 0.9%sodium chloride solution intragastric administration for 6 weeks,and the lipid plaque deposition in aorta was observed by gross oil red O staining.Lipid deposition in aortic root was observed by oil red O staining.The pathological changes of lipid plaques in aortic root were observed by HE staining.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in peripheral blood of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of lymphocyte antigen 6G(Ly6G),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and citrulinated histone(Cit-H3)in plaques of the aortic arch and the colocalization of Ly6G,MPO and Cit-H3 were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Results Compared with the normal control group,the aorta of mice in the model control group showed serious lipid plaque deposition,morphological damage,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration,the contents of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were increased,and the protein expressions of Ly6G,Cit-H3 and MPO were significantly increased.Compared with model control group,GZTLP group reduced the amount of lipid plaque deposition in aorta,the arrangement of aortic cells was more regular,the inflammatory cell infiltration was improved,and the contents of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The colocalization and the protein expression of Ly6G,MPO and Cit-H3 were significantly decreased in aortic tissues(P<0.01).Conclusions GZTLP can improve atherosclerosis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trapping nets.

Background::There is a need for effective and safe therapies for psoriasis that provide sustained benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, for treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients.Methods::In this multi-center, double-blind, phase III trial, patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive subcutaneous tildrakizumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0 and 4. Patients initially assigned to placebo were switched to receive tildrakizumab at weeks 12, 16, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients in the tildrakizumab group continued with tildrakizumab at week 16, and every 12 weeks until week 52. The primary endpoint was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) response rate at week 12.Results::At week 12, tildrakizumab demonstrated significantly higher PASI 75 response rates (66.4% [73/110] vs. 12.7% [14/110]; difference, 51.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.72, 62.13]; P <0.001) and Physician’s Global Assessment (60.9% [67/110] vs. 10.0% [11/110]; difference, 49.1% [95% CI, 38.64, 59.62]; P <0.001) compared to placebo. PASI 75 response continued to improve over time in both tildrakizumab and placebo-switching to tildrakizumab groups, reaching maximal efficacy after 28 weeks (86.8% [92/106] vs. 82.4% [89/108]) and maintained up to 52 weeks (91.3% [95/104] vs. 87.4% [90/103]). Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and not related to tildrakizumab. Conclusion::Tildrakizumab demonstrated durable efficacy through week 52 and was well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Trial registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05108766.

Objective To investigate the prognostic evaluation value of the HALP score composed of hemoglobin,albumin,lymphocytes and platelets before chemotherapy in the patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods The clinical data and laboratory indicators before chemotherapy in the pa-tients with DLBCL newly diagnosed in this hospital from January 2015 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The optimal cut-off value of HALP was calculated by X-tile software.The patients were grouped ac-cording to the optimal cutoff value,the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in the constituent ra-tio of clinical characteristics among different HALP score groups,the survival curves of the progression-free survival(PFS)time and overall survival(OS)time among the groups with different scores were drawn by u-sing the Kaplan-Meier method,the Cox univariate and multivariate analysis regression model was adopted to analyze the prognostic influencing factors in DLBCL patients,and the predictive ability of HALP score for PFS time and OS time in DLBCL patients was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results A total of 132 patients with DLBCL were included,the optimal cutoff value of HALP score was 21.23 points.There were 54 cases in the low HALP score group and 78 cases in the high HALP score group.The low HALP score group was correlated with the later clinical stage,higher IPI and NCCN-IPI scores,higher LDH level and lower overall response rate(ORR)(P＜0.05).Compared to the high HALP score group,the PFS time and OS time in the low HALP score group were shorter(P＜0.05).The Cox uni-variate and multivariate regression model analysis results indicated that the HALP score≤21.23 points was an independent risk factor affecting the PFS time(HR=1.811,P=0.031).The ROC curve results suggested that the combination of HALP score combined with IPI score or NCCN-IPI score had higher predictive value for PFS time and OS time in DLBCL patients compared to use IPI or NCCN-IPI alone.Conclusion The HALP score is correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL patients,and could early identify the high-risk DLBCL patients with poor prognosis.The HALP score,IPI score and NCCN-IPI score combined evaluation has higher predictive value.