Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage(AIM)belongs to group B of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich-super family.AIM is a soluble protein secreted by macrophages.The expression of this protein is controlled by the liver X receptor.AIM,which is secreted by macrophages,plays important and broad roles in the immune responses of the body.It not only inhibits the apoptosis of macrophages but also participates in the regulation of macrophage polarization.In addition,studies have revealed that AIM is involved in various physiological and pathological processes,such as inflammation,obesity,atherosclerosis,and cancer.It has been used as a biological marker for the diagnosis of diseases such as tuberculosis and liver cirrhosis.Moreover,it can promote the lipolysis of adipose cells by inhibiting the activity of fatty acid synthase(FAS),playing an important role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis,lipid metabolism,and autoimmune diseases.In this paper,we review the multiple functional characteristics of AIM and its effects on inflammation,lipid metabolism,and related diseases to provide a theoretical basis for relevant medical research.

Objective To investigate the incidence and related factors of contrast media extravasation during CT and MR enhanced examinations.Methods A retrospective collection of 234 728 consecutive patients who underwent CT and MR enhanced examina-tions.Firstly,the patients with contrast media extravasation were divided into female group and male group according to gender for comparison.Further,the two groups were subdivided into＜50 years old subgroup and≥50years old subgroup according to age for inter-subgroup comparison.Results Among 234 728 patients in this study,258(0.11％)developed contrast media extravasation.Among them,the female group accounted for 62.02％of contrast media extravasation,while the male group accounted for 37.98％.The incidence of contrast media extravasation in the female group(0.15％)was significantly higher than that in the male group(0.08％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Further inter-subgroup analysis revealed that the incidence of contrast media extravasation in the female patients age ≥50 years old subgroup(0.18％)was significantly higher than that in the female patients age＜50 years old subgroup(0.07％),with statistical significance(P＜0.001).The incidence of contrast media extravasation in the female patients age ≥50 years old subgroup(0.18％)was significantly higher than that in the male patients age ≥50 years old subgroup(0.07％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of contrast media extravasation between the male＜50 years old and ≥50 years old subgroups(P=0.23).Conclusion The incidence of contrast media extravasation is higher in female patients age≥50 years old.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of different surgical methods on papillary thyroid carcinoma of the isthmus (PTCI) and their effects on parathyroid function and thyroglobulin.Methods:Eighty patients with PTCI who underwent treatment in Zhejiang Xin'an International Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly allocated to undergo ipsilateral lobectomy with removal of the isthmus combined with ipsilateral central neck lymph node dissection (group A, n = 40) or total thyroidectomy combined with ipsilateral central neck lymph node dissection (group B, n = 40). We compared intraoperative and postoperative conditions, complications, and hypoparathyroidism between the two groups. We also compared serum thyroglobulin level measured before and 3 days after surgery between the two groups. Results:Operative time was significantly shorter in group A than in group B [(78.95 ± 13.52) minutes vs. (104.23 ± 27.38) minutes, t = -5.23, P < 0.05]. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in group A than in group B [(52.32 ± 6.59) mL vs. (75.41 ± 9.98) mL, t = -12.21, P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in voice handicap index and reflux symptom index scores between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The incidence of complications was significantly lower in group A than in group B (10.00% vs. 30.00%, χ2 = 5.00, P < 0.05). The incidence of hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower in group A than in group B (7.50% vs. 27.50%, χ2 = 5.54, P < 0.05). At 3 days after surgery, serum thyroglobulin level was significantly lower in group A than in group B [(0.82 ± 0.17) μg/L vs. (1.26 ± 0.23) μg/L, t = -9.73, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Ipsilateral lobectomy with removal of the isthmus combined with ipsilateral central neck lymph node dissection is more effective on PTCI than total thyroidectomy combined with ipsilateral central neck lymph node dissection. The former has little effect on parathyroid function and can reduce serum thyroglobulin level. The study is highly innovative and scientific.

Objective:To explore the effects of home-based continuing nursing on the treatment of pressure injuries in elderly patients at home and provide a reference for the continuing nursing for elderly patients with pressure injuries at home.Methods:From January 2017 to June 2018 we selected 20 elderly patients with pressure injuries as subjects by convenient sampling with a total of 25 Stage 2-4 pressure injuries. The patients were treated by wound specialist nurses through home-based continuing nursing, who provided training and guidance for caregivers during the visit. Observing pressure injuries healing after iinvention, and comparing caregiver's stress-related care ability before and after intervention.Results:Totally 23 of the 25 pressure injuries healed within 10-218 d. After the intervention, the caregiver's stress-related care ability scores were higher than before the intervention, and there was a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Home-based continuing nursing shows significant effects on the treatment of pressure injuries in elderly patients, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective: To probe into the mechanism and interventional effects of silybin-phospholipid complex on amiodarone-induced steatosis in mice. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (5 mice in each group): a control group (WT) with normal diet, a model group with amiodarone 150mg/kg/d by oral gavage (AM), and an intervention group on amiodarone 150mg/kg/d combined with silybin-phospholipid complex(AM+SILIPHOS. All mice were fed their assigned diet for one week. Then, one week later, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were detected of each group. A liver pathological change was observed by oil red O and H&E staining. Ultrastructural pathological changes of hepatocytes were observed to evaluate the intervention effect by transmission electron microscopy. RT-q PCR was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its regulated lipid metabolism genes CPTI, CPTII, Acot1, Acot2, ACOX, Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 in liver tissues. Intra-group comparison was done by paired t-test. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and semi-quantitative data were tested using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Oil Red O and H&E staining results of liver tissue in the intervention group showed that intrahepatic steatosis was significantly reduced when compared to model group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the model group had pyknotic nuclei, mitochondrial swelling, structural damage, and lysosomal degradation whereas the intervention group had hepatic nucleus without pyknosis, reduced mitochondrial swelling and slight structural damage than that of model group. RT-q PCR results showed that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, CPTI, CPTII, Acot1, Acot2, ACOX, Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 were increased in the model group but the expression of CPTI, Cyp4a14, Acot1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Silybin-phospholipid complex can alleviate amiodarone-induced steatosis, and its mechanism may play a role in protecting mitochondrial function and regulating fatty acid metabolism. Thus, silybin-phospholipid complex has potential intervention effect on amiodarone-induced fatty liver.

Chronic wounds have complex causes, are difficult to treat, and negatively affect patients＇quality of life. Assessment is the first step in wound management and has important guiding significance for subsequent treatment and health education. By summarizing the methods of chronic wound evaluation, this paper provides the guidance for clinical personnel to choose appropriate methods.

Objective To explore the clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) infection after second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Twenty-five patients after second HSCT from Sep.2009 to Oct.2016 were collected,and CMV and EBV DNA in peripheral blood was detected regularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Factors associated were compared by univariate analysis.Results The total incidence of CMV infection was 52.0％ (13/25) after second HSCT.The incidence of CMV infection was 100％ (2/2),33.3％ (5/15) and 75％ (6/8) in bone marrow group,peripheral blood stem cell group,and mixed group,respectively.Stem cell sources were significantly correlated with CMV infection (P =0.038),however,there was no significant difference in CMV infection rate among three groups (P＞0.05).None of preconditioning regimen,GVHD prophylaxis programs or severity of aGVHD were correlated with CMV infection after second HSCT (P＞0.05).The total incidence of EBV infection was 24.0％ (6/25) after second HSCT.The incidence of EBV infection was 100％ (2/2),6.7％ (1/15) and 37.5％ (3/8) in bone marrow group,peripheral blood stem cell group,and mixed group,respectively.Stem cell sources were significantly correlated with EBV infection (P =0.008).The EBV infection rate in bone marrow group was significantly higher than that in peripheral blood group (P =0.022),however,no significant differences were found between bone marrow group and mixed group,as well as between peripheral blood group and mixed group (P＞0.05).Transplant methods were significantly correlated with EBV infection (P =0.007).The EBV infection rate in haploidentical HSCT group (71.4％) was significantly higher than that in HLA-matched sibling HSCT group (0％) and autologous HSCT group (0％) (P =0.021 and 0.028),however,no significant differences were found between any other two groups (P＞0.05).None of preconditioning regimen,GVHD prophylaxis programs or severity of aGVHD were correlated with EBV infection after second HSCT (P＞0.05).Conclusion The incidence of CMV and EBV infection in patients undergoing second HSCT is high.Stem cell sources and transplant methods are associated with CMV and EBV infection after second HSCT.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD).Methods A retrospective analysis of the data from March 2013 to July 2015 in our Department of Rheumatology was conducted in patients who were diagnosed as IgG4-RD and were follow-up for over half a year.The clinical features and the results of laboratory tests were compared between of the case group and the control group.The t test,Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher'Exact Test (n ＜40) were used to analyze the data.Results Twenty-four cases in 44 cases of IgG4-RD were complicated with CRS (54％).The mean age was (49±13) years old,with the ratio of male:female was 2∶1;With the longer disease duration [4.0 (1.0,6.3) year vs 0.5 (0.2,4.3) year,U=-2.182,P=0.041],the more the number of organs involved [4.0 (3.8,5.3) vs 3.0 (1.0,4.0),U=-2.827,P=0.005],the higher the ratio of ocular involvement (89％ vs 42％,P=0.013).The higher the percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood [8.5％(4.0,13.8) vs 3.3％(0.8,8.5),P=0.043],the more common the allergic manifestations (61％ vs 20％,P=0.026),the higher the operation times [1.5(1.0,3.0) vs1.0(0,10),U=2.096,P=0.048] before making the definitive diagnosis than the control group A.The level of ESR/CRP (56％ vs 0,P=0.004) and the number of IgG4 positive plasma cells [57.5(50.0,66.3)/HP vs 10.0(1.8,20.0)/HP,U=4.358,P＜0.01] and the percentage of IgG4/IgG positive plasma cell (40％ vs 10％,P＜0.01) in the nasal mucosal tissues of the IgG4-related chronic rhino-sinusitis were higher than patients with ordinary CRS (the control group B),but there was no difference in the severity of sinusitis manifestations between patients with IgG4-related chronic rhino-sinusitis and the regular CRS.Conclusion IgG4-related chronic rhino-sinusitis is different from regular CRS,and is closely associated with IgG4-related ocular lesion.IgG4-related chronic rhino-sinusitis has some clinical features which are different from other phenotypes of IgG4-related diseases.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of islet cel s is closely related to the long-term hyperglycemia-and hyperlipemia-induced injuries. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Shizidaiping formula on the apoptosis and insulin secretion in MIN6 cel s under the high glucose and lipid environment, and to explore the protective effect of Shizidaiping formula and the related apoptosis mechanism. METHODS:MIN6 cel s were divided into normal, model, melbine, low-, medium-and high-dose Shizidaiping formula groups. The cel activity was examined by cel counting kit-8, the insulin secretion was measured by ELISA, the rate of apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC&PI and the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were examined by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Shizidaiping formula significantly improved MIN6 cel activity under high glucose and lipid condition (P<0.05), decreased early cel apoptosis, increased the level of insulin stimulated by low glucose in cel supernatant (P<0.05), and improved the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05). These results suggest that Shizidaiping formula can protect islet cel s from hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia damage by improving the activity of MIN6 cel s, reducing the insulin secretion and inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreaticβcel s in MIN6 cel s.

BACKGROUND: It has been believed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a role in treatment through paracrine mechanism. Various side effects such as embolism, tumorigenesis and immunological reaction caused by direct injection of MSCs can be avoided by extracting MSC lysate. However, there is a larger difference in current collection methods and standards of MSC lysate. OBJECTIVE: To compare repeated freeze-thaw and ultrasonication for the collection of lysate of MSCs. METHODS: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat of healthy individuals, and purified with adherence screening method, followed by in vitro amplification using fetal bovine serum medium. The common surface makers of these cells were tested by flow cytometry (1×109, 2×109, 4×109/L). Repeated freeze-thaw and ultrasonication were employed for cell cytoclasis at three different densities respectively in saline and double distilled water, and a comprehensive comparison was performed on cytoclasis rate and the content of protein in cell lysate between the two methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) ADMSCs obtained from in vitro isolated human adipose tissue grew in a swirl or radial pattern with a homogenous size and neat arrangement. CD44, CD90, CD105 and other commonly used surface markers were highly expressed. (2) The study for optimization of lysate collection revealed that the higher cell density implicated a longer time for cell wall disruption and cytoclasis, as well as significantly increased cytoclasis rate. (3) BCA protein assay showed that the highest content of protein was obtained in saline solvent using ultrasonication method. Comprehensive analysis on the results leads to a conclusion that ultrasonication method with saline as the solvent is the optimized method for extraction of ADMSCs lysate, and the cell concentration of less than 4×109/L is recommended.