Objective: To investigate the distribution of pupil diameter and its association with myopia in school age children, providing ideas into the mechanisms of the role of pupil diameter in the onset and development of myopia. Methods: Adopting a combination of stratified cluster random sampling and convenience sampling method, 3 839 children from six schools in Shandong Province were included in September 2021. Pupil diameters distribution was analyzed by age, sex, and myopic status. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between pupil diameter and cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE), as well as axial length (AL) and other variables. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to match myopic and non myopic children at a 1∶1 ratio based on age and sex. A generalized linear model (GLM) was constructed with pupil diameter as the dependent variable to identify independent factors influencing pupil size and its association with myopia. Results: The mean pupil diameter of school age children was (5.77±0.80)mm. Pupil diameter exhibited a significant increasing trend with age ( F =49.34， P trend ＜ 0.01). Myopic children had a significantly larger mean pupil diameter [(6.10±0.73)mm] compared to non myopic children [(5.62±0.79)mm] with a statistically significant difference( t=18.10, P <0.01). Multivariable GLM analysis, adjusted for age, amplitude of accommodation, and uncorrected visual acuity, revealed a negative correlation between pupil diameter and cycloplegic SE (before PSM: β =-0.089, after PSM: β =-0.063, both P ＜0.01). Conclusions Myopic school age children exhibite larger pupil diameters than their non myopic counterparts. Pupil diameter may serve as a potential indicator for monitoring myopia development in school age children.

Objective:To screen differential proteins in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis, in order to provide new ideas for finding its early diagnostic biomarkers.Methods:In April 2019, three male workers diagnosed with samarium oxide pneumoconiosis at a rare earth factory in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the observation group, and three male workers who were not exposed to dust were selected as the control group. The serum was sequenced using the Label-free proteomic method to screen for differentially expressed proteins, followed by cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) annotation, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The interaction gene library retrieval tool database and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software were used to draw protein-protein interaction networks. CytoHubba plugin was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins with high scores, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT/q-PCR) was used to validate the proteomic sequencing results.Results:A total of 45 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins and 5 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins were screened out in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis. In the COG functional classification, post-translational modifications, protein turnover, and chaperones were the most numerous. GO enrichment included 25 entries for biological processes such as complement activation (classical pathways), 15 entries for cellular components such as extracellular recombinants, and 10 entries for molecular functions such as protein binding. The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis mainly included infectious diseases, immune system, signal transduction, and immune related diseases. The top 10 scoring proteins were haptoglobin, complement C1r subcomponent, complement C1s subcomponent, apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, prothrombin, afamin, complement component C8 gamma chain, complement component C6, complement component C7. The RT/q-PCR validation results showed that the mRNA expression levels of haptoglobin, prothrombin and complement C1s subcomponent in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Ten differentially expressed proteins in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis are screened, which provides a good idea for the screening of biomarkers for early diagnosis of samarium oxide pneumoconiosis.

Objective:To screen differential proteins in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis, in order to provide new ideas for finding its early diagnostic biomarkers.Methods:In April 2019, three male workers diagnosed with samarium oxide pneumoconiosis at a rare earth factory in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the observation group, and three male workers who were not exposed to dust were selected as the control group. The serum was sequenced using the Label-free proteomic method to screen for differentially expressed proteins, followed by cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) annotation, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The interaction gene library retrieval tool database and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software were used to draw protein-protein interaction networks. CytoHubba plugin was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins with high scores, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT/q-PCR) was used to validate the proteomic sequencing results.Results:A total of 45 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins and 5 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins were screened out in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis. In the COG functional classification, post-translational modifications, protein turnover, and chaperones were the most numerous. GO enrichment included 25 entries for biological processes such as complement activation (classical pathways), 15 entries for cellular components such as extracellular recombinants, and 10 entries for molecular functions such as protein binding. The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis mainly included infectious diseases, immune system, signal transduction, and immune related diseases. The top 10 scoring proteins were haptoglobin, complement C1r subcomponent, complement C1s subcomponent, apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, prothrombin, afamin, complement component C8 gamma chain, complement component C6, complement component C7. The RT/q-PCR validation results showed that the mRNA expression levels of haptoglobin, prothrombin and complement C1s subcomponent in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Ten differentially expressed proteins in the serum of workers with rare earth samarium oxide pneumoconiosis are screened, which provides a good idea for the screening of biomarkers for early diagnosis of samarium oxide pneumoconiosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application status and safety of systemic administration of Levofloxacin.Methods:Hospitalized children treated with Levofloxacin from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University and Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital were retrospectively recruited.Clinical data like the gender, age, weight, discharge diagnosis, drug name, dosage, route of administration, course of treatment, pathogenic microorganisms, and adverse events were collected.Results:A total of 220 children were included.The age of Levofloxacin use ranged from 1 month and 14 days to 16 years, 7 months and 27 days.The use of Levofloxacin in children was mainly distributed in school age (70 cases), preschool age (65 cases), and early childhood (44 cases), accounting for 81.37% of all children.Children treated with Levofloxacin were admitted in a total of 13 departments, mainly included the respiratory department (77 cases), hematology department (49 cases), infectious medicine department (47 cases), pediatric intensive care unit (14 cases), and stem cell transplantation department (9 cases), accounting for 89.08% of all children.The use of Levofloxacin was mainly applied to children with pneumonia (150 cases), systemic disseminated tuberculosis (25 cases), sepsis (20 cases) and blood disease complicated with infection (16 cases). The common pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (102 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14 cases), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (14 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (10 cases), Staphylococcus aureus(9 cases), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 cases). The use and dosage of Levofloxacin were concerned, including insufficient single dose(25 cases), overdose(9 cases), incorrect dosing frequency (9 cases). There were 3 cases of adverse drug reaction of Levofloxacin, including 2 cases of gastrointestinal reactions (1 case of diarrhea, a single dose of 15 mg/kg, clinically cured; 1 case of nausea, clinically improved), and 1 case of rash (clinically improved). Serious adverse drug reactions were not reported. Conclusions:Levofloxacin is relatively safe for short- and medium-term use in children.It should be administered according to the correct usage and dosage.During the administration period of Levofloxacin, the gastrointestinal system, rash, liver and kidney functions, blood system, blood sugar, heart system, nervous system and other indicators should be closely concerned.

High salt content in soils severely hampers plant growth and crop yields. Many transcription factors in plants play important roles in responding to various stresses, but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants that are involved in and influence many aspects of plant growth and development. They play important roles in responding to salt stress. The regulation of gene expression by WRKY proteins is mainly achieved by binding to the DNA's specific cis-regulatory elements, the W-box elements (TTGACC). In recent years, there have been many studies revealing the roles and mechanisms of WRKY family members, from model plant Arabidopsis to agricultural crops. This paper reviews the latest research progress on WRKY transcription factors in response to salt stress and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives of WRKY transcription factor research.
Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Salt Stress/genetics* ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics*

Objective: To explore the intervention effect of multiple nutritional health guidelines for school-aged children on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of primary school students in Chengdu. Methods: A primary school in Chengdu, which had a school canteen, was selected as the intervention school, and another similar primary school was selected as the control school. Students from the intervention school received nutritional education for six months, while the control school did not provide such intervention measures. A total of 589 students from grades 3 to 5 were selected to participate in the questionnaire survey(eligible 558, missing 31). Results: Before the intervention, no significant difference was found in the rate of awareness regarding nutritional knowledge, including dietary attitudes and dietary behavior. After the intervention, the rate of awareness of nutritional knowledge and the overall awareness rate reached more than 80% in the intervention group, which was significantly higher than that observed in the control group(P<0.05). The intervention group consumed less than one type of breakfast food(26.6%), which was less than the control group(49.4%). The frequency of weekly egg and milk consumption was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The proportion of students who consumed three or more types of vegetables daily was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The proportion of leftovers was lower in the intervention group (15.8%) than in the control group(57.9%). Conclusion The comprehensive nutritional education based on a variety of nutritional health guidelines for school-age children can enhance students awareness of nutritional knowledge and healthier dietary behaviors.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic Brostr(o)m-Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 36 CLAI patients admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Institute of Orthopedics of Soochow University,and Guangzhou Orthopedic Hospital from August 2016 to July 2017.There were 21 males (21 ankles) and 15 females (15 ankles),aged 18-42 years [(26.5 ± 8.6)years].The duration from injury to operation ranged from 6 to 30 months [(10.8-± 1.6) months].All patients received arthroscopic Brostr(o)m-Gould procedure (anterior talofibular ligament repair,capsular constriction,subextensor ligament reinforcement).The operation time and arthroscopic intra-articular lesions and treatment were recorded,and the wound healing and complications were recorded.The visual analogue score (VAS),front drawer test and varus stress test results,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot score and Karlsson-Peterson ankle function score were compared before operation,6 weeks after operation and at the last follow-up.Results All 36 patients were followed up for 18-29 months [(20.5 ±6.3) months].The operation time ranged from 45 to 115 minutes [(67.2 ± 18.6) minutes].During the operation,synovitis hyperplasia of ankle joint was found in 35 patients,scar tissue around ligament in 32,talus cartilage injury in 10,osteophyte in 19 and free body in 5,all of which were treated accordingly.All incisions were healed in the first stage after operation,without joint infection,superficial sural nerve injury or thread stimulation.The ankle varus was slightly limited in two patients after operation and improved after functional rehabilitation.No revision operation was needed at the last follow-up.Front drawer test and inverted stress test results were negative (-).The VAS score was (5.9 ± 1.6) points before operation,(1.9 ± 1.0) points at 6 weeks after operation,and (1.6 ± 0.3) points at the last follow-up,with significant difference compared with that before operation (P ＜ 0.01).The AOFAS ankle-hind foot score was (67.4 ± 7.4) points before operation,(89.2 ±4 6.8) points at 6 weeks after operation,and (91.7 ±5.3)points at the last follow-up,with significant difference compared with that before operation (P ＜ 0.01).Karlsson-Peterson ankle function score was (65.3 ± 9.6)points before operation,(88.6 ± 5.3) points at 6 weeks after operation,and (90.6 ± 3.8) points at the last follow-up,with significant difference compared with that before operation (P ＜ 0.0 1).Conclusion For CLAI,the arthroscopic Brostr(o)m-Gould procedure can treat the intra-articular lesions and reliably restore the stability of the lateral ankle.At the same time,quick motion recovery can be achieved,with satisfactory shortterm curative effect.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of all-inside arthroscopic repair of anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL) for chronic lateral ankle instability(CLAI).Methods From October 2016 to September 2017,19 patients with CLAI were treated with all-inside arthroscopic repair of ATFL at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery,Guangzhou Orthopaedic Hospital.They were 12 men and 7 women,aged from 18 to 35 years(mean,27.3 years).Their defective ATFLs had no effective tension.After the fibular foot-print zone of ATFL was refreshed,an absorbable anchor was inserted accurately and its suture was threaded into the remnant of ATFL using the all-inside arthroscopic technique.The remnant of ATFL was fixated by the suture using Lasso-Loop method and anatomically repaired into the foot-print zone to restore the ligamentous tension.The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Society(AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score,Karlsson ankle function score,Tegner activity score and visual analogue scale(VAS) were used to assess funtion of ankle before and after operation.Results All the 19 patients were followed up for a mean time of 15.6 months(from 12 to 22 months).Their ankle symptoms were all relieved after operation;their ankles recovered fine range of motion;their anterior drawer tests and varus stress tests were negative.Their preoperative AOFAS scores(64.6±11.4),Karlsson ankle function scores(63.5±11.4),Tegner activity scores(3.2±0.7) and VAS(5.8±1.7) were significantly improved at the final follow-up(92.3±3.2,91.2±4.4,5.7±0.6 and 1.4±1.0,respectively)(P<0.05).complications such as incision and articular infections,superficial peroneal nerve injury,sural nerve injury and iatrogenic fracture were not demonstrated in the cohort.By the final follow-up,no patient had been found who needed a secondary revision.Conclusions The all-inside arthroscopic repair of ATFL can be used effectively and safely for CLAI,because it leads to accurate anchor insertion,anatomic repair,limited invasion,and reliable restoration of ligamentous tension.To avoid complications,surgeons should familiarize themselves with arthroscopic procedures.

Larotaxel, a new taxane compound prepared by partial synthesis from 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ, is active against tumors. In this research, a selective LC–MS method was developed and validated for the study of degradation kinetics of larotaxel, which was carried out in aqueous solutions with different pH (1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.5, 7.4, 9.0, 10 and 11.0) and temperature (0, 25, 37 and 45 °C). The linear range was 0.5–25μg/mL, the intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 7.0%, and accuracy ranged from 97.4–104.5% for each analyte. The observed rate obtained by measuring the remaining intact larotaxel was shown to follow first-order kinetics. The activation energies for degradation were 126.7 and 87.01 kJ/mol at pH 1.5 and 11, respectively. Although larotaxel was stable in pH 5, 6.5 and 7.4 buffers at 37 °C for 24 h during our study, increasing or decreasing the pH of the solutions would decrease its stabilities. Moreover, three main degradation products in alkaline condition were separated by HPLC and identified by Q–TOF–MS. The three degradation products were confirmed as 10-deacetyl larotaxel, 7, 8-cyclopropyl baccatin Ⅲ and 10-deacetyl-7, 8-cyclopropyl baccatin Ⅲ.

A simple, rapid and sensitive method based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC–MS/MS)has been developed and validated for the determination of pimavanserin in rat plasma.The analyte was extracted by protein precipitation with methanol and separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm;Waters,USA),with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile-water containing 10 mM ammonium acetate (70:30, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min for 2.5 min. The analyte and clarithromycin (the internal standard) were detected and quantified in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 428.2 → 223.0 for pimavanserin and m/z 748.5 → 589.5 for clarithromycin. Relative coefficient (r) for the calibration curve was more than 0.9980. The intra-day and inter-day precisions(relative standard deviation,RSD%)were less than 13.3% and 10.5%,respectively,and the accuracy(relative error,RE%)was within ± 11.5%.The analytical method was successfully applied to a routine pharmacokinetic study of pimavanserin in rats after oral administration at the dose of 10 mg/kg.