Objective To analyze the anesthetic effect and hemodynamic impact of oxybutynin(OBI)combined with dexmedetomidine(DEX)on patients undergoing endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR).Methods Patients who underwent En-DCR from February 2024 to May 2024 at Mianyang Wanjiang Eye Hospital were recruited.They were randomly divided into the DEX group(DEX administration only)and the combined group(DEX combined with OLI administration)according to the random number table method.The primary observational index in this study was the 24-h postoperative pain numerical rating scale(NRS)scores.The secondary observation indexes were heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),respiratory recovery time(SRT),extubation time(ET)and awakening time(AT),peak systolic value(PSV),end-diastolic blood flow velocity(EDV),resistance index(RI)and blood flow(BF).The occurrence of adverse events in patients during hospitalization was observed and recorded.Results A total of 80 patients were included in the study,with 40 in each of the DEX group and the combined group.In terms of analgesia,the NRS scores in the combined group were lower than those in the DEX group at T1(within 0.5 h after catheter removal),T2(4 h postoperatively),T3(8 h postoperatively),and T4(24 h postoperatively)(P＜0.05),and the remedial analgesia rate in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the DEX group(P＜0.05).Regarding anesthetic effects,HR and MAP at time points T6(during induction of anesthesia),T7(intraoperatively)and T8(during resuscitation)were lower in the combined group than in the DEX group(P＜0.05);and SRT,ET and AT were shorter in the combined group compared with the DEX group(P＜0.05).In terms of hemodynamics,at 24 h postoperatively,PSV,EDV and BF were significantly higher in both groups compared with those before anesthesia,whereas RI was significantly lower than before anesthesia(P＜0.05);PSV,EDV and BF were higher in the combined group than those in the DEX group,and RI was lower than that in the DEX group(P＜0.05).Regarding adverse reactions,the incidence of adverse reactions in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the DEX group(P＜0.05).Conclusion OLI combined with DEX prophylactic analgesia for patients with En-DCR is effective,not only to reduce postoperative pain,stabilize hemodynamics,shorten the time of extubation and awakening,and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective:To retrospectively study the curative effect of Vbeam 595nm pulsed dye laser(PDL)in treating the mid-term infantile hemangiomas(IHs),and analyze and explore the possible influencing factors of that.Methods:A total of 219 IHs patients who underwent PDL treatment in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected,and they received follow-up at least 6 months.The relationship between the treatment effect and the month age,location,thickness of hemangioma and the number of treatments was analyzed.Results:The median month age of the 219 pediatric children was 7 months,and the average month age of them was(4-10)months,and there was a total of 219 lesions.There were no statistically significant differences in the general data such as month age and the characteristics of lesion between different genders(P＞0.05).The overall effective rate of treatment was 92.7%,and the median number of treatments was 3 times,and the average number of treatments was(2-4)times.There were no statistically significant differences in the comparisons of gender,the number of treatments and the treatment outcome(P＞0.05).The curative effects of 6 pediatric children were poor,whose month age was 13(8,19)months.The curative effects of 10 pediatric children were general,whose month age was 13(8,14)months.The curative effects of 31 pediatric children were favorable,whose month age was 8(4,10)months.The curative effects of 172 pediatric children were excellent,whose month age was 6(4,9)months.The difference of month age of pediatric children among different curative effect was significant(Z=24.863,P＜0.001),and the pediatric children with better curative effect had smaller month age.The treatment outcome of pediatric children with hemangioma was correlated with the thickness of lesion,the area size of lesion and the number of treatment(r=-0.32,-0.46,-0.46,P＜0.05),respectively.The effective treatment mainly focused on the treatments of the 2nd-4th times.The adverse reaction caused by treatment was skin erythema,and the rate of the total residual after six months of the complication was 5.48%.Conclusion:The treatment of 595nm PDL combined with dynamic cooling device(DCD)can provide a safe and effective treatment for IHs.Early intervention for IHs can improve the curative effect,and reduce the course of treatment,and further reduce the possibility of corresponding complications.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of nutrition combined with exercise intervention on stroke patients with sarcopenia. MethodsFrom January to June, 2022, 60 stroke patients with sarcopenia were randomly divided into control group (n = 15), nutrition group (n = 15), exercise group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15). All the groups received routine rehabilitation training, while the nutrition group received nutrition intervention, the exercise group received exercise intervention, and the combined group received both the nutrition and exercise intervention, for four weeks. Before and after intervention, the muscle index was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, gripping strength of the healthy and the affected side was measured with gripping strength meter, and the patients were assessed with modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). ResultsFour cases in the control group, two in the nutrition group, one in the exercise group, and three in the combined group dropped down. The muscle index, gripping strength, and the scores of MBI and BBS improved in all the groups after intervention (|t| > 3.004, P < 0.05), while all improved more in the combined group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05), and the grip strength of the healthy side was more in the exercise group than in the nutrition group (P < 0.05). ConclusionNutrition or exercise intervention alone can improve the muscle quality, grip strength, activities of daily living and balance of stroke patients with sarcopenia, while the combination is more effective.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of intervention based on theory of planned behavior on muscle attenuation and balance of the elderly with sarcopenia. MethodsFrom September, 2022 to February, 2023, 124 elderly people with sarcopenia were conveniently sampled from Lishuiwan Community and Shuxiangyuan Community in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. According to the coin toss, 62 elderly people from Shuxiangyuan Community were designated as control group, and 62 elderly people from Lishuiwan Community were as intervention group. The intervention group implemented the intervention based on the theory of planned behavior, including behavior attitude, behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and behavior awareness; the control group maintained their original lifestyle, for twelve weeks. Before and after intervention, the grip strength, time of Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, relative appendicular skeletal muscle index (RASM), 6-minute walking speed and the score of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were compared. ResultsAfter intervention, the grip strength, RASM, 6-minute walking speed, and the score of BBS significantly increased, and the time of Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test shortened in the intervention group (|Z| > 6.257, |t| > 28.643, P < 0.001), and they were better in the intervention group than in the control group (|Z| > 2.288, |t| > 3.177, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe intervention based on theory of planned behavior can effectively relieve the muscle attenuation of the elderly with sarcopenia, and improve their balance ability.

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone strength and increased fracture risk. The most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture, which commonly occurs in vertebrae. Accurate assessment of fracture risk at an earlier stage is the key to identify high-risk population and further prevent osteoporotic fracture. Currently, clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk mainly relies on measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA) or quantitative computed tomography ( QCT). However, they cannot fully reflect bone strength and resistance to fracture, and it is hard to achieve an accurate assessment. Biomechanical CT (BCT) technology, based on CT digital modeling and finite element analysis, aims at non-invasive calculation of individual bone strength, bridging the gap between biomechanics and clinical evaluation of fracture risk. In vitro mechanical experiment of vertebrae has proved that BCT is more accurate than BMD in evaluating vertebral fracture strength. Clinical studies have also shown that BCT is superior to DXA inidentifying existing fractures and predicting new fractures. In this article, the implementation process of the BCT technology was introduced, as well as critical parameters during each step affecting its result . The research progress of the BCT technique for in vitro validation and in vivo assessment of vertebral fracture risk was also summarized, with the aim to promote the application of BCT technology in clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk for the Chinese people.

Objective:To analyze the learning effect of laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)+ modified ileal conduit(MIC).Methods:From 2014 to 2019, 42 patients underwent MIC and their clinical data was retrospectively analyzed. 34 operations were performed by surgeon 1 and 8 operations by surgeon 2. We divided the 34 patients of surgeon 1 into three groups according to their surgical sequence (group A, 1st to 12th; group B, 13th to 23th; group C, 24 th to 34 th), the 8 cases of surgeon 2 was regarded as group D. The history of abdomen surgery in the 4 groups were 0, 1, 4, 3 cases, respectively ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference of the other baseline characteristics, such as age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists. Then we compared several variables between the 4 groups like operation time, time of ileal conduit construction, blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, etc. The key steps of the MIC included isolating terminal ileum when the mesentery was transilluminated, performing end-to-end reflux ureterointestinal anastomosis after the efferent loop was fixed, closing the rent of the retroperitoneum. Results:All operations were performed intracorporeally with no transition to open surgery. The operative time for group A, B, C were 330.0(320.0, 360.0)min, 300.0(250.0, 308.0)min, 270.0(216.0, 324.0)min, respectively ( P =0.010). The time of ileal conduit construction of the 3 groups were 136.5(131.3, 147.5)min, 92.0(79.0, 119.0)min, 79.0(72.0, 115.0)min, respectively ( P <0.001). In addition, the difference of the two variables above between A and B, A and C groups separately reached statistical significance ( P<0.05), while the difference between B and C groups did not ( P>0.05). Other variables, such as blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, between the 3 groups reached no statistical significance ( P>0.05). The operative time of group D was 420.0(350.0, 450.0)min, and it reached statistical significance ( P<0.05) when compared with group A. There were no significant differences in other variables, such as blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, among the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The learning effect of LRC+ MIC was obvious. When surgeon volume increased, the operative time decreased significantly. Variables like estimated blood loss and complication rate of the 2 surgeons did not reached significant difference, which indicated reproductivity and safety of this procedure.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, our national guidelines have suggested that surgical patients should wear a mask to decrease the potential transmission of COVID-19 in the operating room, as long as the condition allows. However, so far, there is no study to discuss the influence of wearing a mask on the ventilation and blood oxygenation status in patients of spontaneous breathing with supplementary oxygen through an anesthetic facemask. This is a before-after study in the same patient, and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited, by testing the arterial blood gas parameters at key time points before and after oxygen inhalation to evaluate the effects of two different supplementary oxygen methods ('disposable medical mask + anesthetic facemask' and 'anesthetic facemask only') on the oxygenation of subjects. Our data demonstrated whether wearing a disposable medical mask or not could effectively increase the oxygen supply of the subjects compared with the basic value before oxygen inhalation; however, compared with the group without mask, the arterial oxygen partial (PaO
COVID-19 ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Masks ; Oximetry ; Oxygen/blood*

Objective: To explore the clinical effects and the influence factors of olfactory training in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Methods: A total of 86 patients with olfactory dysfunction (49 post-infectious and 37 post-traumatic) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during Dec 2016 to May 2017 were recruited in this prospective study. The clinical data of patients were analyzed, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, smoking history, drinking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, hyperlipidemia history, and anxiety visual analogue score (VAS). All patients were treated with olfactory training for 16 weeks, and all of them underwent Sniffin′ Sticks olfactory test before and after treatment, which was evaluated by composite threshold-discrimination-identification score (TDI). SPSS 23.0 software, paired t test and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty patients received treatment, including 46 post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 34 post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. After olfactory training, the total scores of TDI increased with statistically significant (18.3±8.6 vs 13.6±7.4, t=-6.158, P<0.05). The overall efficacy was 40% (32/80). The effective rate were 45.7% (21/46) in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 32.4% (11/34) in post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.441, P=0.230). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease was an influence factor in the clinical curative effect (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.799-0.973, P=0.012). In patients with less than a year of olfactory dysfunction, the olfactory function improved obviously with the efficiency of 50.9% (29/57). Conclusion Sixteen weeks of olfactory training provides a significant therapeutic effect on the post-infectious and post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction, and the olfactory training can achieve better therapeutic effects at the early stage.

Objective: Using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) and microPET-CT to test the feasibility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT for validation of olfactory function of rats with standard phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and isovaleric acid (IVA) odors stimulation. To verify the possibility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT as a new objective examination method for olfactory function. Methods: Six healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were selected with a weight of 250-300 g. First of all, buried food pellet test (BFT) was used to confirm the normal olfactory function of rats. Then in the next 3 days, after the intravenous injection of ¹⁸F-FDG (18 MBq/100 g), awaken rats were placed in a ventilated plexiglas cage for 30 min. Subsequently, pure air (the first day), PEA (the second day) and IVA (the third day) were delivered. After odor stimulation for 30 min, rats were performed by a static PET-CT under anesthesia. Images reconstructed were assessed by SPM method and analyzed by VBM method. Data was analysied by paired t test. Results: Activation regions of rat′s brain after PEA stimulation included bed nucleus and insula. Activation regions of rat′s brain after IVA stimulation included olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, olfactory cortex, piriform cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and bed nucleus (P<0.005, Ke>20 voxels). Conclusions Through microPET-CT, we can observe that olfactory stimulation with different odors can induce metabolic activation in different regions of rat′s brain, which was in concordance with olfactory regions. The olfactory related brain regions of rats have strong responses to odor stimulation of IVA.

Objective To investigate the genotype of M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.Methods A total of 668 M.tuberculosis clinical strains collected in difference regions of He'nan Province during 2015 were genotyped by two standard methods,including classical 24-locus mycobacterium interspersed repetitive unit variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and spoligotyping.Results The 668 isolates were divided into 11 clusters and 35 patterns by spoligotyping.Among the 558 Beijing strains,546 were typical Beijing strains and the other 12 were atypical Beijing strains.Among the 110 non-Beijing strains,eight were new strains and the remaining 102 non-Beijing strains were divided into 10 families.There were 76 isolates belonging to T family,including 59 of T1 families,7 of T2 families,and 10 of T3 families.The 668 strains were divided into 550 gene patterns by standard 24-locus VNTR,including 508 un-clustered patterns and 160 clustered into 42 clusters.The largest cluster contained 21 strains,the other clusters contained 2-20 strains.Conclusion Beijing strain is still the most prevalent M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.