Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the primordial odontogenic tumour(POT).Methods Clinical data of 4 cases of jawbone POT were collected.Imaging examination,HE,and immunohistochemical EnVision two-step staining was used to an-alyze their clinical and pathological characteristics,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results The age arranged from 5 years to 21 years.2 cases were male and 2 case were female.There were 2 cases in maxilla and 2 cases in mandible.The clinical presentation was a slow growing painless mass.Cut sur-face of the tumor was appeared grayish yellow and grayish white,the tumor involved the crown of an unerupted tooth.The tumour consisted of a proliferation of spindled and stellate cells in myx-oid stroma.Surfaced by cuboidal to columnar epithelium forming papillary structures and invaginations.Calcification was observed in 2 cases.Conclusion POT is a rare benign mixed odontogen-ic tumor that is more common in children and adolescents.Mas-tering its characteristic histological morphology can make a cor-rect diagnosis.Local complete resection of the tumor has a good prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of bispherical augment in acetabular defects reconstruction in hip revision.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. A retrospective analysis of 119 patients (124 hips) patients who underwent hip revision surgery and reconstructed with bispherical augment for acetabular bone defects from January 2019 to December 2023 was performed. There were 57 males (58 hips) and 62 females (66 hips), aged (65.0±11.8) years (range:40 to 102 years). The body mass index was (23.9±3.5) kg/m 2 (range:16.1 to 32.2 kg/m 2). Acetabular bone defects were typed as follows: 2 hips in Paprosky type ⅡA, 29 hips in type ⅡB, 34 hips in type ⅡC, 31 hips in type ⅢA, and 28 hips in type ⅢB, of which 9 patients (9 hips) were combined with pelvic discontinuity. Differences in Harris hip score (HHS) and lower limb discrepancy (LLD) were compared between preoperatively and final follow-up. The height of the hip center of rotation and the horizontal distance from the center of rotation to the teardrop were measured by radiographs before and after surgery, and prothesis stability and the occurrence of postoperative complications were evaluated. Data were compared using the paired sample t test. Results:All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was (167.0±53.4) minutes (range:90 to 380 minutes) and the intraoperative bleeding was (345.3±124.2) ml (range:100 to 1 200 ml). The height of the hip center of rotation decreased from (39.7±13.0) mm preoperatively to (21.8±7.1) mm postoperatively and the horizontal distance from the center of rotation to the teardrop increased from (34.0±10.1) mm preoperatively to (38.5±5.9) mm postoperatively, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=15.859, P<0.01; t=5.266, P<0.01). All the patients were followed up for (26.1±15.4) months (range:6 to 60 months). At the last follow-up, HHS improved from (35.2±10.0) points preoperatively to (85.5±9.5) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=50.723, P<0.01). LLD decreased from (2.1±1.1) cm preoperatively to (0.5±0.5) cm, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.767, P<0.01). All acetabular components were stable and free of displacement on imaging during follow-up. Three patients suffered dislocation and received closed reduction, all prosthesis were in good position during follow-up. No dislocation, loosening, fracture, recurrence of infection and vascular nerve injury occurred in other patients. Conclusion:Bispherical augment can effectively reconstruct acetabular bone defects, restore the hip center of rotation, and improve hip joint function scores at short and mid-term follow-up.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of bispherical augment in acetabular defects reconstruction in hip revision.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. A retrospective analysis of 119 patients (124 hips) patients who underwent hip revision surgery and reconstructed with bispherical augment for acetabular bone defects from January 2019 to December 2023 was performed. There were 57 males (58 hips) and 62 females (66 hips), aged (65.0±11.8) years (range:40 to 102 years). The body mass index was (23.9±3.5) kg/m 2 (range:16.1 to 32.2 kg/m 2). Acetabular bone defects were typed as follows: 2 hips in Paprosky type ⅡA, 29 hips in type ⅡB, 34 hips in type ⅡC, 31 hips in type ⅢA, and 28 hips in type ⅢB, of which 9 patients (9 hips) were combined with pelvic discontinuity. Differences in Harris hip score (HHS) and lower limb discrepancy (LLD) were compared between preoperatively and final follow-up. The height of the hip center of rotation and the horizontal distance from the center of rotation to the teardrop were measured by radiographs before and after surgery, and prothesis stability and the occurrence of postoperative complications were evaluated. Data were compared using the paired sample t test. Results:All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was (167.0±53.4) minutes (range:90 to 380 minutes) and the intraoperative bleeding was (345.3±124.2) ml (range:100 to 1 200 ml). The height of the hip center of rotation decreased from (39.7±13.0) mm preoperatively to (21.8±7.1) mm postoperatively and the horizontal distance from the center of rotation to the teardrop increased from (34.0±10.1) mm preoperatively to (38.5±5.9) mm postoperatively, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=15.859, P<0.01; t=5.266, P<0.01). All the patients were followed up for (26.1±15.4) months (range:6 to 60 months). At the last follow-up, HHS improved from (35.2±10.0) points preoperatively to (85.5±9.5) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=50.723, P<0.01). LLD decreased from (2.1±1.1) cm preoperatively to (0.5±0.5) cm, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.767, P<0.01). All acetabular components were stable and free of displacement on imaging during follow-up. Three patients suffered dislocation and received closed reduction, all prosthesis were in good position during follow-up. No dislocation, loosening, fracture, recurrence of infection and vascular nerve injury occurred in other patients. Conclusion:Bispherical augment can effectively reconstruct acetabular bone defects, restore the hip center of rotation, and improve hip joint function scores at short and mid-term follow-up.

Objective:To analyze the survival and prognostic factors of male patients with breast cancer after mastectomy.Methods:Male patients with invasive breast ductal cancer who underwent mastectomy from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were identified by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results:A total of 1231 cases were included, with an onset age of (67 ± 12) years. The proportion of stage I-II was 81.1%. The 10-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates for stage IA, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC patients were 85.4%, 84.9%, 69.0%, 68.1%, 51.9%, and 48.3%, respectively (all P<0.001). For stage IA-IIB patients, the 10-year CSS rate was 79.2% in the postoperative radiotherapy group, compared to 83.0% in the non-radiotherapy group ( P=0.019). For stage IIIA-IIIC patients, the 10-year CSS rate was 61.7% in the postoperative radiotherapy group, compared to 52.9% in the non-radiotherapy group ( P=0.021). For stage IA-IIB patients, the 10-year CSS rate was 83.8% in the postoperative chemotherapy group, compared to 79.8% in the non-chemotherapy group ( P=0.342). For stage IIIA-IIIC patients, the 10-year CSS rate was 59.7% in the postoperative chemotherapy group, compared to 54.1% in the non-chemotherapy group ( P=0.052). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age, married and grade I-II differentiation were favorable prognostic factors. The earlier the tumor staging, the better the prognosis. Conclusions:Postoperative radiotherapy can improve the CSS of stage III male patients with breast cancer. Younger age, married, grade I-II differentiation are favorable prognostic factors. The earlier the tumor staging, the better the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein （EC）， and to provide evidence for selecting skin detection methods for tuberculosis infection diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis. METHODS The effectiveness and safety of EC compared with purified protein derivative of tuberculin （TB-PPD） were analyzed by the method of systematic review. Cost minimization analysis， cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis were used to evaluate the short-term economy of EC compared with TB-PPD， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the long-term economy. The evaluation dimensions of innovation， suitability and accessibility were determined by systematic review and improved Delphi expert consultation， and the comprehensive score of EC and TB-PPD in each dimension were calculated by the weight of each indicator. RESULTS The scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation and suitability of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. The affordability scores of the two drugs were consistent， while the availability score of EC was lower than those of TB-PPD. After considering dimensions and index weight， the scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability， accessibility and the comprehensive score of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB-PPD， EC performs better in all dimensions of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility. However， it is worth noting that EC should further improve its availability in the dimension of accessibility.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of influenza B virus in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2020 and the genetic evolution of seven reassortant strains of influenza B virus.Methods:Influenza viruses were isolated from throat swabs collected from 16 943 patients with influenza-like illness in Hangzhou from January 2014 to December 2020. The subtypes of influenza viruses were identified by real-time RT-PCR. Eight genes ( PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, NA, MP and NS) of influenza B viruses were amplified with specific primers and then analyzed with nanopore sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results:From January 2014 to December 2020, there were 1 090 influenza B virus-positive samples, including 474 samples of Yamagata lineage and 616 samples of Victoria lineage, were identified in Hangzhou with an overall positive rate of 6.43% (1 090/16 943). Whole genomes of 228 strains of influenza B virus were obtained by nanopore sequencing and seven reassortant strains of influenza B virus were found. There were four reassortant influenza B viruses of Yamagata lineage with NA gene fragments from viruses of Victoria lineage, two strains of Yamagata lineage (H644_BY and H648_BY) with NP and NA gene fragments from Victoria lineage and one strain of Victoria lineage with PB2, PB1, PA and NS gene fragments from Yamagata lineage. Meanwhile, these seven strains possessed several mutations in the antigenic sites of HA and NA genes. Conclusions:Several rare reassortant strains of influenza B virus with epidemic potential were detected in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2020, which indicated that the traditional detection methods should be improved and more attention should be paid to the reassortant influenza B viruses and the match between epidemic and vaccine strains.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and to improve the understanding of the disease and standardize the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data and diagnosis and treatment process of 62 patients with VL admitted to The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms and laboratory data, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and procalcitonin (PCT) were compared between children and adults. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:Of the 62 patients, 31(50.0%) patients were males, 38(61.3%) patients were children and 24(38.7%) were adults. There were 32 cases (51.6%) living in Longnan City, and 11 cases (17.7%) living in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Forty-seven cases (75.8%) had a delay over 30 days from onset to diagnosis. All patients had fever and chills, 34 cases (54.8%) had fatigue and poor appetite, 30(48.4%) had cough and expectoration, 10 cases (16.1%) had headache and dizziness, 45 cases (72.6%) had splenomegaly, 40 cases (64.5%) had anemia, and 29 cases (46.8%) had hepatomegaly. There were 32 cases (51.6%) accompanied with respiratory infection, 11 cases (17.7%) accompanied with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and 10 cases (16.1%) accompanied with abnormal liver function. Of the 60 patients who received treatment, 14 were recurrent cases who had received at least one course of pentavalent antimony monotherapy before admission. Forty-six patients received standard antimony monotherapy, 14 patients received standard antimony combined with amphotericin B therapy. Thirteen patients discontinued amphotericin B due to impaired renal function, and 50 patients were followed up for half a year without recurrence. The proportions of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in children were 86.8%(33/38) and 65.8%(25/38), respectively, and the corresponding numbers in adults were 50.0%(12/24) and 16.7%(4/24), respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.03 and 14.26, respectively, both P<0.050). Thirty-three cases (86.8%) in children and 14 cases (58.3%) in adults had a delay over 30 days from onset to diagnosis. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.52, P=0.011). The proportions of patients who had elevated AST, LDH and PCT were 76.3%(29/38), 94.3%(33/35) and 73.9%(17/23) in children, respectively, while 45.8%(11/24), 71.4%(15/21) and 5/17 in adults, respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=5.97, 3.89 and 7.82, respectively, all P<0.050). Conclusions:Patients with VL are tend to have complications and be severe. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are important measures to improve the prognosis. Patients who have failed antimony treatment can be treated with amphotericin B or combination therapy, but kidney injury and other adverse reactions should be closely monitored.

Objective:To explore the influence of early essential newborn care (EENC) on breastfeeding after vaginal delivery.Methods:Women with full-term vaginal delivery at Jiaxing Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January to June 2019 were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. These participants and their neonates were assigned randomly to receive early skin-to-skin contact for 90 min after delayed umbilical clamping (EENC group) or routine nursing care after delivery and skin-to-skin contact for 30 min (control group). The main outcomes were successful initiation and duration of first-time breastfeeding, initiation time of second-stage lactation, self-efficacy score of breastfeeding, acceptance and satisfaction score of breastfeeding, and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 24, 48, 72 h, and 42 d postpartum. The secondary outcomes included the onset time of first deep sleep of the newborn, the baby's first breast-fed stool, and the neonatal weight within 4 days of birth. Two independent samples t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 200 women with full-term vaginal delivery were recruited and 117 (61 in EENC group and 56 in control group) completed the study. (1)Main outcomes: Compared with the control group, the EENC group had earlier initiation of the first breastfeeding [(25.5±6.9) vs (33.2±7.2) min, t=5.902] and the second stage of lactation [(72.1±3.3) vs (78.6±4.3) h, t=9.504], longer duration of the first breastfeeding [(40.6±5.2) vs (32.6±6.1) min, t=7.806], and higher self-efficacy score [(122.5±2.1) vs (98.2±3.1) scores, t=50.660], acceptance score [(21.8±3.1) vs (15.3±4.3) scores, t=9.444], satisfaction score of breastfeeding [(23.2±2.1) vs (18.8±3.1) scores, t=9.278], and higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 24, 48 and 72 h after delivery[43% (26/61) vs 21% (12/56), 59%(36/61) vs 36%(20/56), 89%(54/61) vs 64%(36/56); χ 2 were 5.980, 6.353, and 9.663, respectively], all P<0.05. (2)Secondary outcomes: In the EENC group, the onset time of first deep sleep [(90.1±10.6) vs (118.3±9.9) min, t=7.645] and the the baby's first breast-fed stool [(57.1±6.4) vs (66.4±5.5) h, t=8.435] were earlier; neonatal weight at 3 d [(3 720±329) vs (3 558±412) g, t=2.382] and 4 d after birth [(3 778±289) vs (3 562±315) g, t=3.857] were significantly heavier, comparing with the control group (all P<0.01). Conclusions:EENC can improve multiple short-term breastfeeding indicators and maternal acceptance and satisfaction of breastfeeding in women after full-term vaginal delivery.

Collaborative development among medical practice, education and research is a strategic decision of the country in disciplinary development guided by the innovation-driven strategy. In October 2017, Beijing Hospitals Authority organized 18 tertiary hospitals with pediatrics discipline and founded a collaborative development center for pediatrics. This center operated in a model featuring both leadership of due authorities and autonomous administration. Two of the specialized pediatrics hospitals work as leading units, and existing high quality pediatrics resources of the member hospitals were pooled to establish an academics committee and an executive committee. A development system was established with disciplinary construction as the focus, collaborative development as the goal and horizontal collaboration as the means. It was designed to explore a new model featuring overall planning and standardized management of the discipline, building of a shared platform for clinical capacity development, joint development of continued medical education and talent cultivation, as well as diversified and multi-centered research and platform resources sharing. This model can effectively promote the overall development level of pediatrics in Beijing municipal hospitals.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the research and development status quo of respiratory inhalation preparations. METHODS ：Related literatures or data about R&D status quo of domestic and foreign respiratory inhalation preparations were retrieved from 5 databases（PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database and VIP ），4 clinical trial registration platforms，15 national/regional drug administration platforms and yaozhi.com . The status quo of related studies was analyzed by descriptive analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：A total of 27 second literatures were included. The information of respiratory inhalation preparations approved by European Union ，the United States ，Canada，Japan and China was collected ，and the information of related drugs under registration and approval in China was also collected. The market situation of respiratory inhalation preparations was analyzed from the perspective of dosage form ：powder aerosols accounted for 46％，aerosols account ed for 32％，and atomized inhalation solutions accounted for 22％ in the global consumption sum of each dosage form. From the perspective of market share ，companies such as AstraZeneca in the UK ，Boehringer Ingelheim in Germany and GlaxoSmithKline in the UK had a total market share of about 70％. At present ，there were 39 kinds of respiratory inhalation preparations on the market in European Union ，121 kinds in the United States ，111 kinds in Canada ，37 kinds in Japan ，69 kinds of domestic inhalation preparations and 80 kinds of imported inhalation preparations in China. Respiratory inhalation preparations were undergoing clinical trials with 511 cases abroad and 69 cases in China. The barriers to the imitation of respiratory inhalation preparations mainly included research and development ，clinical trial ，approval and production barriers. At present ，the support is provided for 0035） domestic drug innovation and localization of medical devices in China through a series of policies ，which is helpful to promote the localization research and development of inha led preparations. Future research and development can pay more cn attention to combination ，indication，dosage and device of inhalation preparation.