Surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor is an optical detection technique enables real-time and dynamic monitoring of biological samples. SPR-based biosensors have remarkable characteristics such as label-free detection and high sensitivity, making them important tools for studying molecular interactions. The recognition element, which plays a critical role in SPR sensors,which could specifically identify and capture of target analytes, closely influencing the selectivity performance of the sensor. The progress on SPR sensors in pharmaceutical research were reviewed, which focused on the application of recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal nanoparticles.

Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0005075 in serum extracellular vesicles(EVs)of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).Methods Fourteen RSA patients and 14 normal pregnant women from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were enrolled in a training set,and 64 RSA pa-tients and 48 normal pregnant women were enrolled in a validation set.The expression levels of hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs were detected by the quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and their correlation with clinical pathological parameters of RSA patients were analyzed.Serum anti-thyroid globulin antibody(A-TG)and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(A-TPO)were detected by the elec-trochemiluminescence assay.Serum anticardiolipin(ACA)IgA,IgG,and IgM antibodies and anti-β2 glycoprotein 1(β2GP1)IgA,IgG,and IgM antibodies were determined by the chemiluminescence immunoassay.The correlation of these autoantibodies with the lev-els of hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs was analyzed by the Pearson correlation.The clinical application value of hsa_circ_0005075 in the diagnosis of RSA was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The detection results of the training set showed that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs of RSA patients(7.69[4.74,42.15])were significantly high-er than that in normal pregnant women(1.02[0.51,4.23],U=28,P＜0.01].Similarly,in the validation set,the expression levels of hsa_circ_0005075 in RSA patients(4.96[1.73,8.89])were also significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women(1.00[0.24,2.96],U=693,P＜0.01).The ROC curve showed that hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs had good diagnostic value for RSA(AUCROC=0.774),with 70.3%of sensitivity and75.0%of specificity.In addition,the expression level of hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs was significantly correlated with A-TPO(r=0.298,P＜0.05).Conclusion The hsa_circ_0005075 in serum EVs is highly ex-pressed in RSA patients,which may have a potential differential diagnostic value for the diagnosis of RSA.

AIM:Using bioinformatics analysis and experiment validation to explore the differential expres-sion genes related to abnormal lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the molecular mechanism of pachymaran affecting pyroptosis through squalene epoxidase(SQLE)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like re-ceptor protein 3(NLRP3)/gasdermin D(GSDMD)signaling pathway.METHODS:(1)The GEO,GSEA,DAVID,STRING and GEPIA databases were employed to screen abnormal lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes in HCC.(2)The tumor tissues from HCC patients(n=9)were collected to verify the differential expression of SQLE.(3)The inhibitory effect of pachymaran on the viability of human HCC cell line HepG2 was measured by CCK-8 assay.(4)The HepG2 cells were divided into control group and pachymaran(800 mg/L)group.The cell migration was analyzed by wound-healing assay,and RT-qPCR was used to measure SQLE mRNA expression.(5)The HepG2 cells with overexpres-sion of SQLE(OE-SQLE)were divided into 5 groups as follows:control group,overexpression negative control(OE-NC)group,OE-SQLE group,OE-NC+pachymaran group,and OE-SQLE+pachymaran group.The mRNA and protein expres-sion levels of SQLE and pyroptosis-related factors were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Colorimetric method and ELISA were used to measure lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 levels.The necrosis of HepG2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The SQLE gene was screened through bioinformatics analysis,and its mRNA expression was significantly increased in tumor tissues from HCC patients(P＜0.01).In cell experiments,treatment with 800 mg/L pachymaran for 48 h had a significant inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell viability,and the expres-sion of SQLE mRNA was reduced(P＜0.01).After overexpression of SQLE,the mRNA and protein levels of pyroptosis-re-lated factors,necrotic rate,and LDH,IL-1β and IL-18 levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After treatment with pachymaran,the above indicators were significantly increased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The SQLE is abnormal-ly highly expressed in HCC,and pachymaran can affect the growth of HCC cells by activating the NLRP3/GSDMD pyropto-sis pathway through SQLE.

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric effect of three-dimensional(3D)printed headrests made of different materials in radiotherapy for head and neck tumor,and to evaluate whether the existence of customized 3D-printed headrest can be neglected during planning phase by comparing differences in target area doses,homogeneity index(HI),conformity index(CI),monitor units(MU),and organ-at-risk(OAR)dose.Methods Ten patients with head and neck tumors,including 5 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 5 with other head and neck tumors,were enrolled.The headrest contours were outlined using Monaco treatment planning system,and with the same calculation parameters,treatment plans were generated for scenarios without a headrest,with a standard headrest,and with 3D-printed headrests made of 10%filled polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane.The target area doses,OAR dose,MU,and other results were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.Results No significant differences were observed among the 4 groups(ignoring headrest,standard headrest,3D-printed headrests with 10%filled polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane)in parameters such as D95,D5,Dmean,HI,CI,MU,and OAR dose(the maximum dose to the spinal cord)(P>0.05).Considering the presence of the headrest,significant differences were found in CI for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other head and neck tumors(P<0.05).Conclusion During the planning phase,the existence of customized 3D-printed headrest can be ignored,but it should be noted that the presence of a headrest may reduce the MU in radiotherapy plans.When considering the headrest,the average CI of patients with other head and neck tumors is significantly higher than that with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of pre-breathing mode in double-low imaging of 320-slices computed tomography(CT)for pulmonary artery.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)for suspected pulmonary embolism(PE)in Liuzhou People's Hospital from July 2021 to September 2022 were prospectively selected as the research subjects and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.The patients of the control group adopted conventional breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after reaching the threshold,and the scan was triggered after 6 s),while the patients of the observation group adopted the pre-breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after 1 or 2 seconds,and the scan was triggered after reaching the threshold).Both two groups adopted double low-technique scan of 320 slices CT.The differences in delay time,radiation dose,the points of subjective and objective image quality,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(ED)and delay time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=76.230,30.225,12.282,7.088,P<0.05),respectively.The comparison of the subjective points of image qualities between the two groups indicated that there were 25 cases with 5 points,23 cases with 4 points and 2 cases with 3 points in the observation group,and there were 21 cases with 5 points,26 cases with 4 points and 3 cases with 3 points in the control group.There was no significant difference in the averagely subjective points of image qualities between two groups(P>0.05).The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and signal to noise ratio(CNR)of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the noise level(SD)of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=25.441,23.886、11.426,P<0.05),respectively.The CT values of the artery trunk of right pulmonary,artery branch of right pulmonary,artery trunk of left pulmonary and artery branch of left pulmonary in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=2.256,2.225,2.042,2.277,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The pre-breathing mode can effectively improve CTPA image quality,and reduce radiation dose and the dosage of contrast agent,which clinical application effect is significant.It is worth learning.

Objective:To construct a risk identification model based on dynamic Bayesian network(DBN),and to explore its application value in the operation management of orthopedic equipment in hospital.Methods:Risk factors in orthopedic equipment management were identified based on DBN model,and risk evaluation index set was established to provide early warning and prevention for possible risk factors.12 pieces of orthopedic medical equipment in clinical use in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected,the traditional orthopedic equipment quality operation management method(referred to as traditional mode)and the DBN-based risk identification mode(referred to as DBN mode)were adopted for equipment management respectively.The equipment operation effects,risk incidence rates and treatment efficiency of the two modes were compared.Results:The start-up operation efficiency and equipment quality qualification rate of the equipment in DBN mode were(93.54±4.05)%and(97.51±6.68)%,respectively,which were higher than those in the traditional mode;the troubleshooting time and the equipment component damage rate were(7.14±1.64)hours and(0.48±0.11)%,respectively,which were lower than those in the traditional mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.862,8.228,32.994,73.047,P<0.05).The function failure rate,parts damage rate,unqualified cleaning and disinfection rate and improper management rate of equipment in 479 equipment usage data,897 operations,300 equipment disinfection records and 500 equipment daily inspection records in the DBN mode were 0.21%(1/479),0.33%(3/897),1.33%(4/30)and 2.0%(10/500),respectively,which were lower than those in the traditional mode,the difference was statistically significant(x2=21.527,12.964,3.485,6.914,P<0.05).The effective rate of 500 cases of orthopedic medical equipment treatment of DBN mode was 97.8%(489/500),which was significantly higher than that of traditional mode,the difference was statistically significant(x2=12.617,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of risk identification model based on DBN to the management of orthopedic medical equipment in hospital can strengthen the quality of orthopedic equipment management,improve the efficiency of equipment operation and treatment,and prevent and avoid equipment risks.

In this paper， we systematically sorted out and verified the name， origin， producing area change， quality， efficacy and processing of Halloysitum Rubrum by consulting materia medica， medical books， prescription books from past dynasties， and modern literature， and combined with the comprehensive analysis of trait identification， hygroscopicity measurement and X-ray diffraction（XRD） detection， in order to provide a basis for understanding the original source of the mineral medicine. The results indicated that Halloysitum Rubrum was first contained in the Shennong Bencaojing， it had been consistently named Chishizhi， there were also aliases such as Chifu， Hongxinshi and Chiyouzhi. The description of Halloysitum Rubrum in ancient materia medica aligns with modern findings， categorizing it under the silicate kaolinite family， specifically polyhydrous kaolinite， with associated minerals mainly being dickite， nacrite， hematite， gibbsite， mica， etc. Historically， the production area of Halloysitum Rubrum was mainly located in the Qinling Mountains， Shandong and Henan， and is now primarily distributed in most parts of China， including Henan， Hubei and other provinces. Quality evaluation in ancient times included descriptions like "fresh and greasy color"， "delicately sticky tongue and lips" and "smooth as fat". Modern materia medica mostly evaluates its quality based on color， luster， texture and hygroscopicity， noting characteristics such as red color， smoothness， delicacy， softness and strong viscosity. Halloysitum Rubrum is sweet， sour and pungent in flavor， warm in nature， non-toxic， and belongs to the heart and large intestine meridians. It acts as an astringent and solidifying agent， particularly useful in the treatment of long-term dysentery and diarrhea， common processing methods include fire calcination， water flying， and vinegar quenching. Comprehensive analysis of the traits， XRD and humidity absorption of different batches of samples showed that the commercially available Halloysitum Rubrum is mainly bright red or brownish red， with a smooth surface like grease， soft and smooth texture， delicate cross-sectional texture， and some have waxy luster and strong water absorption. It is mainly composed of 10 Å（1 Å=0.1 nm） polyhydric kaolinite， and is often accompanied by 7 Å polyhydric kaolinite， nacrite， etc. Genuine products tend to have higher moisture absorption than counterfeit ones， which can be used as a key indicator to distinguish the authenticity. The quality evaluation of Halloysitum Rubrum aligns with historical materia medica， where "fresh color， delicate and greasy lips" could serve as a key feature for its quality evaluation.

Objective:To explore the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 genotype on the cortical thickness of attentional networks in patients with Bipolar 1 disorder type (BD-Ⅰ). Methods:From August 2013 and August 2019, a total of 155 BD-Ⅰ patients were recruited from the outpatient and inpatient Departments of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, along with 82 healthy controls (HC) from the community and university. Genotype for the CACNA1C rs58619945 locus was determined for all BD-I patients and HC subjects, followed by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scans to measure the cortical thickness in the alert, orienting, and executive control subnetworks. General linear models (GLMs) were used to evaluate the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 on the cortical thickness of attentional networks. Concurrently, attentional dimension functions were assessed using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery rapid visual information processing (CANTAB RVP) test. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Ethics No. 2023-056). Results:Compared with the HC group, the BD-Ⅰ patients had shown reduced thickness in bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral superior temporal cortex( P<0.05). A significant interaction between the CACNA1C genotype and the cortical thickness(HC vs.BD) of right prefrontal cortex, right posterior parietal cortex and right superior temporal cortex was noted( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis has demonstrated a significant correlation between CANTAB RVP and RBANS attention indices and cortical thickness in the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex( P<0.05), and right superior temporal cortex predominantly among carriers of the BD-Ⅰ G allele. Conclusion:The G allele of CACNA1C rs58619945 is associated with cortical thickness of the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right superior temporal cortex in BD-Ⅰ, which are part of the alerting and orienting network.

To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens infections in children with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Beijing Children′s Hospital from 2022 to 2023. A dual amplification technique was used to detect nucleic acids of seven common respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), in outpatient and inpatient children (aged 0-18 years) with influenza-like symptoms who sought medical care at Beijing Children′s Hospital, from January 2022 to March 2023. A total of 43 663 children were included in the study, of which 27 903 tested positive for respiratory pathogens with a total detection rate of 63.91%. Flu A had the highest detection rate of 69.93% (27 332/39 084), followed by MP about 13.22% (380/2 875). The total detection rate of RSV, PIV and ADV was 7.69% (131/1 704). Flu B had a detection rate of 0.16% (64/39 084). No CP was detected in this study. A total of 7 cases of dual infections were detected, with a detection rate of 0.41% (7/1 704). The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in detection rates of pathogens among different genders, age groups, and different seasons. Among the seven pathogens, only Flu A had statistically significant differences in gender ( χ2=16.712, P<0.001). The detection rates of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001), while the detection rates of RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001). Flu A had its epidemic peak in winter and spring, with detection rates of 61.30% (3 907/6 374) and 77.47% (23 207/29 958) respectively; MP and PIV had higher detection rates in autumn (25.14% and 7.64% respectively); RSV showed a relatively higher detection rate in winter (8.69%); Flu B and ADV had lower detection rates throughout the study period (0.16% and 1.17% respectively). In conclusion, children with ILI in 2022-2023 were mainly infected with a single respiratory pathogen, and occasionally dual pathogen infections were observed. Among them, the detection rate of Flu A was the highest, and only Flu A showed a gender difference in detection rate. As the age of the children patients increased, the detection rate of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend, while RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of Flu A, Flu B, MP, PIV, and RSV were seasonal.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of ferulic acid on the retina of diabetic mice and high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell injury and the mechanism.Methods:Thirty 8-week-old SPF male type 2 diabetic db/db mice were selected and divided into a model group and a ferulic acid group by the random number table method, with 15 mice in each group.Another 15 db/m mice of the same age were selected as a control group.The model and control groups received normal saline (5 ml/kg) by gavage daily, and the ferulic acid group received ferulic acid solution (0.05 g/kg) by gavage daily.After two months of treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the eyeballs were removed.The morphological changes of mouse retinal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The fluorescence intensity and expression levels of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) in mouse retinal tissues were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.Human RPE cells were divided into control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, high glucose group and high glucose+ ferulic acid group.The control group received no treatment, and the other cell groups were cultured with the corresponding reagents for 24 hours.The reactive oxygen (ROS) level of RPE cells in each group was detected with the ROS detection kit.The mitochondrial membrane potential level of RPE cells was detected with the a mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit (JC-1).The MCU and microfilament fluorescence intensity of RPE cells were detected with the a microfilament green fluorescent probe.To explore the regulatory relationship between MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK, the MCU protein level was silenced and overexpressed by lentivirus transfection technology.The fluorescence intensity and expression levels of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins in RPE cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.The use and feeding of experimental animals followed the 3R principle and the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmology and Vision Research.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.2019085).Results:The intercellular space of the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the retinal tissue in the model group was increased and the cell arrangement was disordered compared with the control group, and the retinal tissue in the ferulic acid group was significantly improved.Compared with the control group, the fluorescence intensity of MCU, p-p38 MAPK and MCU+ p-p38 MAPK protein of mouse retinal tissue in model group and ferulic acid group was significantly increased (all at P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the fluorescence intensity of MCU, p-p38 MAPK and MCU+ p-p38 MAPK protein of mice retinal tissue in ferulic acid group was significantly decreased (all at P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins of mouse retinal tissue in model group were significantly increased (all at P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the relative expression levels of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins of mice retinal tissue in ferulic acid group were significantly decreased (all at P<0.05).The ROS fluorescence intensities in the control group, DMSO group, high glucose group and high glucose+ ferulic acid group were 0.22±0.02, 0.22±0.03, 0.30±0.02 and 0.24±0.02, respectively, and the overall difference was statistically significant ( F=7.845, P<0.01).The ROS fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the high glucose group than in the control and DMSO groups, and it was significantly lower in the high glucose+ ferulic acid group than in the high glucose group (all at P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly lower in high glucose group and high glucose+ ferulic acid group than in control and DMSO groups, and significantly higher in high glucose+ ferulic acid group than in high glucose group (all at P<0.05).Compared with the control group and DMSO group, the fluorescence intensity of MCU was higher in the high glucose group, accompanied by the decrease and thinning of cell microfilaments, and the fluorescence intensity of MCU protein was significantly decreased in high glucose+ ferulic acid group, with the number of microfilaments increased significantly.Compared with the control group and DMSO group, the fluorescence intensity and relative expressions of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins were significantly increased in the high glucose group (all at P<0.05).Compared with the high glucose group, the fluorescence intensity and relative expressions of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins were significantly decreased in the high glucose+ ferulic acid group (all at P<0.05).Compared with the control group and the empty vector group, the relative expressions of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins were significantly increased in the MCU overexpression group and significantly decreased in the MCU shRNA group and the MCU overexpression+ ferulic acid group (all at P<0.05).Compared with MCU overexpression group, the relative expressions of MCU, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins were significantly decreased in MCU shRNA group and MCU overexpression+ ferulic acid group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Ferulic acid can regulate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby ameliorating retinal damage and high glucose-induced RPE cell injury in diabetic mice, which may play a protective role through MCU and p38MAPK signaling pathways.