AIM: To analyze the current status and influencing factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children from Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, and to provide reference and basis for myopia prevention and control in this district.METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was used to select 2 854 preschool children(5 708 eyes)from 29 child-care centers in Changzhi City between January and May 2024. Hyperopia reserve was assessed through measurements and questionnaire surveys. Totally 2 820 cases(5 640 eyes)were finally included, with 34 cases excluded(32 cases of uncooperativeness and 2 cases of distractibility). The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the associated influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve.RESULTS: A total of 580 preschool children with insufficient hyperopia reserve were detected, with an incidence of 20.57%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male(OR=1.723, 95% CI: 1.419-2.093), maternal myopia(OR=2.210, 95% CI: 1.681-2.906), paternal myopia(OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.059-1.921), myopia in both parents(OR=2.761, 95% CI: 2.110-3.612), preterm infants(OR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.294-2.342), the mean daily sleep duration <10 h(OR=1.272, 95% CI: 1.024-1.579), and the mean daily outdoor activity time <2 h(OR=1.222, 95% CI: 1.005-1.485)were risk factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve(all P<0.05). Conversely, using blackout curtains during the day and turning off lights at night(OR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.405-0.883)were identified to be protective factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Sex, genetics, gestational age, sleep duration and environmental conditions, and outdoor activity time are potentially associated with insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children. Caregivers should prioritize the management of these risk factors to prevent the occurrence of myopia.

The transmembrane protein(TMEM)family exhibits widespread distribution across both the plasma membrane and organelle membranes,actively participating in the intricate regulation of diverse pathophysiological processes.Contemporary investigations have uncovered the pivotal involvement of the TMEM family in the human reproductive system.This family is found to play a crucial role in regulating spermatogenesis,sperm-egg fusion,en-dometrial receptivity,as well as tumor invasion and migration.These findings highlight its intricate association with the onset and progression of various diseases.A comprehensive identification of the function of TMEM family in hu-man reproductive system holds significant importance,offering profound insights into the nuanced biological func-tions of this protein family.This in-depth examination not only supports our understanding about the complex mech-anisms controlling reproductive processes but also lay a foundation for potential advancements in medical research.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is one of the leading causes of death among young adults worldwide. Multiple organ dysfunction in HS is caused by an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of patient. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms contributing to multiple organ dysfunction in HS, while mitochondrial quality control regulates mitochondrial function through a series of processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, and mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Modulating mitochondrial quality control can improve organ dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on organ function in HS and discuss the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, providing insights into the injury mechanisms underlying HS and guiding clinical management.

The TMEM family is widely distributed in the plasma membrane and organelle membrane, and has multiple biological functions. The TMEM family has different functions and mechanisms of action in different diseases. Recent research shows that TMEM family members play an important role in the pathogenesis of non tumor diseases, especially in cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous system diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Parkinson′s disease, depression, etc. This article reviews the mechanism of action of the TMEM family in non tumor diseases, which is of great significance for further revealing the disease mechanism and elucidating the biological functions of TMEM family members, and provides a new perspective for disease treatment strategies.

Objective:To explore the effects of semaglutide on glucolipid metabolism and bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 96 T2DM patients treated in the Second People′s Hospital of Hefei from May 2022 to May 2023 were divided into the study group (48 cases) and the control group (48 cases) by treatment methods. The patients in the study group were treated with semaglutide, and the patients in the control group were treated with metformin, respectively, they were treated for 12 weeks. The levels of glucolipid metabolism, body mass index (BMI), bone metabolism, serum levels of adipocytokine 13 (apelin-13), feeding inhibitory factor 1 (nesfatin-1) and chemerin were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded.Results:After treatment, the improvement of glucolipid metabolism index in the study group were better than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the BMI in the study group was lower than that in the control group: (24.26 ± 1.08) kg/m 2 vs. (25.40 ± 1.36) kg/m 2, there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of total type Ⅰ collagen amino terminal lengthening peptide (TPINP) and bone gla protein (BGP) in the study group were higher than those in the control group and β C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰcollagen (β-CTX) was lower than that in the control group: (48.50 ± 9.27) μg/L vs. (44.85 ± 8.20) μg/L, (20.73 ± 6.34) μg/L vs. (18.05 ± 6.20) μg/L, (0.30 ± 0.10) μg/L vs.(0.36 ± 0.08) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P< 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum apelin-13 in the study group was higher than that in the control group, while the levels of nesfatin-1 and chemerin were lower than those in the control group: (1 500.43 ± 153.36) ng/L vs. (1 350.24 ± 142.30) ng/L, (3.06 ± 0.65) μg/L vs. (3.75 ± 0.78) μg/L, (9.85 ± 2.46) μg/L vs. (11.37 ± 2.34) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups had no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Semaglutide can significantly improve glucolipid metabolism, bone metabolism, decrease BMI, nesfatin-1 and chemerin levels, and increase apelin-13 level in T2DM patients.

Objective To establish a mouse model of liver aging induced by irradiation combined with hepatectomy.Methods A model was established via single irradiation combined with hepatectomy.The survival rate,body weight,liver index and liver function of the mice were detected.The expressions of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors in serum were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and flow cytometry.The mRNA levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and telomerase in liver tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR).The expressions of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(CDKN1A)and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A)were determined by Western blotting.ELISA was used to calculate senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)and lipofuscin levels.Tissue malondialdehyde levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method.The size of hepatocyte nuclei and lipid accumulation were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingand oil-red-O while triglyceride levels in the liver were studied with the weighing method.Results After irradiation combined with hepatectomy,the body weight of mice was significantly reduced,the liver index was not significantly affected,but the transaminase level was significantly increased.The levels of SA-β-Gal and lipofuscin increased while telomerase activity decreased significantly,and the nucleus size increased.The expressions of cyclin dependent protein kinase inhibitors CDKN1A and CDKN2A increased.The levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors were significantly increased.Hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative damage were aggravated.Conclusion A mouse model of liver aging induced by irradiation combined with hepatectomy has been established.

Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics and reproductive outcome of patients with globozoospermia syndrome (also called round-headed spermatozoa).Methods:The data of 5 patients with round-headed spermatozoa and 20 healthy men in the reproductive center of Shanxi Maternal and Child Hospital and Shanxi People′s Hospital from July 2016 to March 2020 were collected. Among them, the wife was healthy. The peripheral blood chromosome, AZF gene, semen routine and morphology, sex hormone series were detected for the man, and the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was observed for the patients.Results:The average length of infertility in 5 patients with round-headed sperm was (4.4±1.8)years, and the round-headed sperm rate of 5 patients were all over 95% (including 1 case with round-headed sperm rate of 99%, 3 cases with round-headed sperm rate of 98%, and 1 case with round-headed sperm rate of 96%). The chromosome, AZF gene of 5 patients were normal. The sperm motility [progressive motility(PR) rate+ non progressive motility (NP) rate] of patients with globozoospermia syndrome was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sex hormone, sperm count, sperm density, PR(%) and sperm DNA fragmentation rate compared with normal fertility group ( P>0.05). All the 5 patients were treated by assisted reproductive technology with ICSI. Two patients were pregnant, including one patient with abortion and one patient with singleton. Conclusions:There are no other abnormal phenotypes in patients with round-headed spermatozoa except for the low morphology and motility of round headed spermatozoa. Assisted reproductive technology may be an effective way to assist pregnancy.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of folate-coupled quantum dots (FA-QD) immunomagnetic beads method for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTC) in epithelial ovarian cancer and the association of CTC with clinicopathological features of tumor patients.Methods:A total of 67 ovarian cancer patients in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from August 2019 to January 2020 were selected. Ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells were divided into 5 cell number gradients (0, 100, 150, 200, 300), the detection rates of CTC were compared by using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) immunomagnetic beads (single standard method) and FA-QD immunomagnetic beads method (double standard method). The number of CTC in peripheral blood of ovarian cancer patients was detected by using FA-QD immunomagnetic beads method, and those with positive CTC under fluorescence microscope were treated as CTC positive patients. The association of CTC with clinicopathological factors and tumor markers of tumor patients was analyzed.Results:The average capture efficiency rate of CTC in SKOV-3 cells detected by FA-QD immunomagnetic beads method (83.4%) was higher than that by EpCAM immunomagnetic beads method (70.3%). Among 67 patients of ovarian cancer, the proportion of CTC positive patients was 30.0% (3/10) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 91.9% (34/37) in stage Ⅲ, 95.0% (19/20) in stage Ⅳ, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The proportion of CTC positive patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of patients without lymph node metastasis [97.1% (33/34) vs. 69.7% (23/33)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The proportion of CTC positive patients with human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)>110 pmol/L was lower than that of patients with HE4 ≤ 110 pmol/L [58.8% (10/17) vs. 92.0% (46/50)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.005). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of CTC positive patients stratified by age, menopause, pathological differentiation, distant metastasis, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, CA199, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:FA-QD immunomagnetic beads method can effectively detect CTC in peripheral blood of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The level of CTC in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer is related to lymph node metastasis, clinical TNM stage and HE4 level.

Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of gastrin 17 (G-17) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods:One hundred and twenty-four DN patients admitted to Hefei Second People′s Hospital from July 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the DN group, and divided into Ⅰ-Ⅱstage subgroup (68 cases) and Ⅲ-Ⅴ stage subgroup (56 cases) according to the stage of DN.Inaddition, 100 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients without DN were selected as the T2DM group, and 100 healthy subjects who examined during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of G-17, serum creatinine (SCr), evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other index in each group were detected. The normal level of G-17 was 1-7 pmol/L. G-17>7 pmol/L and ≤ 15 pmol/L was as marginal rising, and G-17>15 pmol/L was as rising.Results:The marginal rising rate of G-17 in the DN group was higher than that in the T2DM group: 43.5%(54/124) vs. 23.0%(23/100); the rising rate of G-17 in the DN group was higher than that in the T2DM group and the control group: 21.0%(26/124) vs. 7.0%(7/100), 4.0%(4/100), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The marginal rising rate and rising rate of G-17 in Ⅲ-Ⅴstage subgroup were both higher than those in the Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage subgroup and the T2DM group: 58.9%(33/56) vs. 30.9%(21/68), 23.0%(23/100); 32.1%(18/56) vs. 11.8%(8/68), 7.0%(7/100), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The marginal rising rate and rising rate of G-17 in DN patients with a disease course of ≥3 years was higher than that in patients with a disease course of <3 years and the T2DM group: 53.0%(44/83) vs. 24.4%(10/41), 23.0%(23/100); 27.7%(23/83) vs. 7.3%(3/41), 7.0%(7/100), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that G-17 was positively correlated with SCr ( r = 0.367, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with eGFR ( r = -0.619, P<0.001) in DN patients. Conclusions:The level of G-17 in ND patients is significantly increased, which is closely related to DN staging and can provide an auxiliary indicator for screening renal function in patients with T2DM.

Objective:To explore the effect of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets on locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Methods:108 patients were included at the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017. Peripheral blood was collected within one week before neoadjuvant therapy and one week before rectal surgery. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the CD3 + 、CD4 + 、CD8 + 、CD45RA + 、CD45RO + expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the best cut-off value of the ratio of lymphocytes. A logistic regression model was obtained in multivariate analysis. Results:The values of CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of the patients decreased compared with that before neoadjuvant treatment (all P<0.05). There was no significant decrease in the proportion of CD4 + , CD8 + , CD45RA + T and CD45RO + lymphocytes in patients′ peripheral blood (all P>0.05). The CD45RO in peripheral blood decreases during neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer, and it is associated with better tumor regression( P<0.05). The best cut-off value for the ratio changes of CD45RO was 1.07. The ratio changes of CD45RO were the only significant factor for tumor regression in multivariate analysis ( P=0.005, OR=26.867, 95% CI: 1.530-471.635). Conclusion:The percentage of peripheral blood CD45RO may predict the sensitivity of neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients.