ObjectiveThis paper aims to systematically collect and organize ancient and modern clauses and studies containing Xieqingwan， excavate and analyze the key information of Xieqingwan， and provide a reference for facilitating the development of the classic formula Xieqingwan. MethodsThe composition， dosage， decocting methods， usage， and other key information of Xieqingwan in ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected and analyzed by means of literature research and metrological methods. The modern clinical application of Xieqingwan was summarized. ResultsA total of 42 pieces of effective data involving 32 ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected. Xieqingwan was first recorded in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue. The drug origin of this formula is basically clear in the ancient traditional Chinese medicine books. The modern drug usage and decocting method were as follows： Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Gardenia seeds， Radix et Rhizoma Rhei， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， and Saposhnikoviae Radix were grounded to fine powder， decocted with honey， and finally formed into pills with the size of a chicken head （1.5 g）. It was suggested that half a pill or one pill were taken for one dose with warm Lophatheri decoction and sugar. The indications and clinical application had developed from the recordings in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue and evolved from pediatrics to ophthalmic otolaryngology， neurology， dermatology， digestion， and respiratory diseases. The main pathogenesis of these diseases is heat in the liver meridian and is treated. The effect of Xieqingwan is "clearing away heat and toxicity， removing fire and relaxing the bowels， and dispersing swelling and relieving pain". It is recommended to use the corresponding preparation methods in the 2020 Edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Modern clinical studies are centered around the clinical application of Xieqingwan， which is often modified and used in treating Tourette syndrome， herpes， febrile convulsion， sleepwalking， and insomnia. ConclusionThis paper conducts a thorough textual research of the key information of Xieqingwan， induces its historic evolution， and confirms its key information， so as to provide a reference for the future development of Xieqingwan.

Objective:To explore the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 genotype on the cortical thickness of attentional networks in patients with Bipolar 1 disorder type (BD-Ⅰ). Methods:From August 2013 and August 2019, a total of 155 BD-Ⅰ patients were recruited from the outpatient and inpatient Departments of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, along with 82 healthy controls (HC) from the community and university. Genotype for the CACNA1C rs58619945 locus was determined for all BD-I patients and HC subjects, followed by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scans to measure the cortical thickness in the alert, orienting, and executive control subnetworks. General linear models (GLMs) were used to evaluate the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 on the cortical thickness of attentional networks. Concurrently, attentional dimension functions were assessed using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery rapid visual information processing (CANTAB RVP) test. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Ethics No. 2023-056). Results:Compared with the HC group, the BD-Ⅰ patients had shown reduced thickness in bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral superior temporal cortex( P<0.05). A significant interaction between the CACNA1C genotype and the cortical thickness(HC vs.BD) of right prefrontal cortex, right posterior parietal cortex and right superior temporal cortex was noted( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis has demonstrated a significant correlation between CANTAB RVP and RBANS attention indices and cortical thickness in the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex( P<0.05), and right superior temporal cortex predominantly among carriers of the BD-Ⅰ G allele. Conclusion:The G allele of CACNA1C rs58619945 is associated with cortical thickness of the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right superior temporal cortex in BD-Ⅰ, which are part of the alerting and orienting network.

Purpose Focusing on the characteristics of for-malin fixed paraffin embedded(FFPE)samples,explored nano-magnetic bead nucleic acid extraction solutions with higher qual-ity/yield and continued to improve molecular pathology technolo-gy.Methods Alternative magnetic beads were synthesised in four major categories and 15 sub-categories and we screened to obtain high-quality/yield magnetic beads centred on FFPE samples.Simulated conventional tissues,simulated coarse needle punctures(liver),and simulated fiberoptic bronchoscopy sam-ples(lungs)were sectioned with the same number of serial slices in tubes.The nucleic acids of slices were extracted using the best magnetic beads screened in this study and common com-mercially available kits,and then perform comparison and purifi-cation quality parameters such as total amount and fragment size.The downstream applications of nucleic acids were validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing.Results Screening all homemade nanomagnetic beads centered on the DNA of FFPE samples,the total recoveries of the best performance nanomagnetic beads were obtained to be 58.5％±1.58％,and the total recoveries of five commercially available commercial magnetic beads and three do-mestic kit magnetic beads ranged from 18.68％to 40.71％.The total amount of DNA(ng)extracted from the same amount of tis-sue(serial slices),the nucleic acid yield of this study in simu-lated conventional tissues,simulated coarse needle punctures,and simulated fiberoptic bronchoscopy samples were increased by 39.49％-181.72％compared with those of the commercially a-vailable kits(P＜0.05).The total amount of extracted nucleic acid from simulated fiberoptic bronchoscopy tissue sections can be more than 100 ng for 1 slice(4 μm)and more than 400 ng for 5 slices.Conclusion The DNA purification nanomagnetic beads screened with DNA from FFPE samples have a significant enhancement comparing to the existing commercial bead proto-cols,and provide space for quality assurance,automated testing,and program expansion for clinical molecular pathology testing.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of clopidogrel metabolism-related gene variability in Kawasaki disease (KD) children with coronary artery lesions (CAL) across different age groups and the impact of genetic variability on the efficacy of clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data were collected from 46 KD children with CAL who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Center of Children′s Hospital of Fudan University between January 2021 and August 2022 and were treated with clopidogrel, including gender, age, body mass index, course of KD, CAL severity grade, and baseline platelet count. According to their age, the children were divided into ≥2-year-old group and <2-year-old group. Their platelet responsiveness was assessed by adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADPi) calculated via thromboelastography, and children were categorized into high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and normal on-treatment platelet reactivity (NTPR) groups. Genotypes of CYP2C19, PON1 and ABCB1 were detected. The t test, one-way analysis of variance and Chi-square test were used for intergroup comparison. Results:Among the 46 KD children with CAL, 34 were male and 12 were female; 37 were ≥2-year-old and 9 were <2-year-old; 25 cases were in the HTPR group and 21 cases were in the NTPR group, with 19 HTPR and 18 NTPR in the ≥2-year-old group, and 6 HTPR and 3 NTPR in the <2-year-old group. Genetic analysis showed that 92 alleles among the 46 children, with frequencies of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP2C19*17, PON1 192Q, PON1 192R, ABCB1 3435C, ABCB1 3435T at 59% (54/92), 32% (29/92), 9% (8/92), 1% (1/92), 36% (36/92), 64% (59/92), 63% (58/92) and 37% (34/92), respectively. Analysis of the impact of genotype on ADPi revealed that in children aged ≥2 years, those with CYP2C19*1/*3 genotype had significantly lower ADPi than those with CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype ((34±15)% vs. (61±29)%, t=2.18, P=0.036). There were also no significant difference in ADPi among children with PON1 192Q homozygous, PON1 192R heterozygote and PON1 192R homozygous genotypes ((40±22)% vs. (52±33)% vs. (65±27)%, F=2.17, P=0.130), or among those with ABCB1 3435C homozygous, ABCB1 3435T heterozygote and ABCB1 3435T homozygous genotypes ((55±34)% vs. (60±27)% vs. (49±24)%, F=0.33, P=0.719). In <2-year-old group, there were no significant differences in ADPi across CYP2C19*1/*1, CYP2C19*1/*2 and CYP2C19*2*2 genotypes ((40±20)% vs. (53±37)% vs. (34±16)%, F=0.37, P>0.05). There were no significant differences in ADPi across CYP2C19*1/*1 and CYP2C19*1/*3 genotypes ((44±27)% vs. (42±20)%, t=0.08, P>0.05). There were no significant differences in ADPi across PON1 192Q homozygous, PON1 192R heterozygote and PON1 192R homozygous genotypes (45% vs. (55±27)% vs. (24±5)%, F=1.83, P>0.05). There were no significant differences in ADPi across ABCB1 3435C homozygous, ABCB1 3435T heterozygote and ABCB1 3435T homozygous genotypes ((36±16)% vs. (50±35)% vs. 45%, F=0.29, P>0.05). The risk analysis of HTPR in different genotypes revealed that in children aged ≥2 years, carrying at least 1 or 2 loss-of-function alleles of CYP2C19 was a risk factor for HTPR ( OR=4.69, 10.00, 95% CI 1.11-19.83, 0.84-119.32, P=0.033, 0.046, respectively), and PON1 192R homozygosity and carrying at least one PON1 192R allele were protective factors against HTPR ( OR=0.08, 0.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.86, 0.01-1.19, P=0.019, 0.043, respectively). Conclusion:KD children aged ≥2 years carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles and PON1 192Q are more likely to develop HTPR.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of bladder volume on dosimetric parameters of clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR) of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for localized prostate cancer during the treatment planning and daily treatment.Methods:Clinical data of 25 patients with localized prostate cancer admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2021 to June 2022 and enrolled in the "Proton Therapy System" (SAPT-PS-01) registered clinical trial were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were male and the median age was 72 years old. A total of 30 sets of IMPT plans were obtained. Based on the planning CT (30 sets) and weekly verification CT during treatment (172 sets), bladder volume, CTV and OAR dose parameters were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between bladder volume in CT and the dosimetric parameters of CTV and OAR during IMPT plans, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was adopted to compare the dosimetric parameters of CTV and OAR among different bladder volume change groups.Results:The V 95% of CTV1 and CTV2 were both 100.0%±0.0% in IMPT plans. Bladder volume was significantly negatively correlated with D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) of the bladder ( P<0.001, 0.003, <0.001, <0.001,<0.001), and D mean, V 50 Gy(RBE) of the small intestine (both P<0.001). During treatment, bladder D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE)( P<0.001, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001), rectal D mean, V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) (all P<0.001), small intestine D mean, V 50 Gy (RBE) (both P<0.001) of patients with bladder volume increase >20% compared to baseline were significantly decreased compared to those in IMPT plans. But CTV1 V 100%, and CTV2 V 95% were significantly decreased too( P=0.029, 0.020). In the bladder volume decreased>20% patients, the D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) of the bladder were significantly increased compared to those in IMPT plans (all P<0.001). However, a bladder volume reduction of ≤20% and increase of ≤20% from baseline had no significant impact on CTV and OAR dosimetric parameters during treatment. Conclusions:For patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing proton therapy, a certain bladder volume should be ensured during planning CT scans. During the daily treatment, the bladder volume should be maintained between 80%-120% of the baseline level to ensure CTV coverage and good dose sparing to OAR.

Objective:To observe the effects of warming needle therapy combined with the modified Hua Tan Tong Luo Tang(decoction for dissipating phlegm and unblocking collaterals)on post-stroke cognitive impairment due to obstruction of wind-phlegm. Methods:A total of 78 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group,with 39 patients in each group.Both groups received conventional treatment.The control group was additionally treated with the modified Hua Tan Tong Luo Tang,while the observation group received warming needle therapy in addition to the treatment given to the control group.Scores on the mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),and activities of daily living(ADL)were assessed before and after treatment.Adverse reactions and clinical efficacy were analyzed and compared between the two groups after treatment. Results:The total effective rate was 82.1%in the observation group and 61.5%in the control group,showing statistical significance between the two groups(P<0.05).After treatment,the MMSE,MoCA,and ADL scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment within each group(P<0.05).Notably,the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No adverse reactions occurred in either group during the treatment period. Conclusion:Based on the conventional treatment,compared to modified Hua Tan Tong Luo Tang alone,warming needle therapy combined with the modified Hua Tan Tong Luo Tang showed superior clinical efficacy in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment due to obstruction of wind-phlegm,and this combined therapy also showed high safety.

Objective To explore the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and establish a predictive model. Methods Based on the case-control design, clinical materials of 316 IS patients treated in the Department of Neurology of Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from March 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected. According to incidence of aspiration during hospitalization, the patients were divided into case group with 89 cases (aspiration occurred during hospitalization) and control group with 227 cases (no aspiration occurred during hospitalization). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed in both groups to screen out the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients. R software was used to extract 70 % of the data from the two groups as the training set (establishing a Nomogram model), and the remaining 30 % data was used as test set. Value of predictive model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve. Results There were significant differences in the terms of age, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, number of lesions, homocysteine (Hcy) level, spontaneous cough, and grading of Wada drinking water test between the case group and the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that large age (OR=2.201, 95 %CI, 1.254 to 3.865), high NIHSS score (OR=4.816, 95 %CI, 1.652 to 14.041), multiple lesions (OR=2.649, 95 %CI, 1.249 to 5.613), high level of Hcy (OR=1.501, 95 %CI, 1.044 to 2.158), weakened or absent spontaneous cough (OR=3.384, 95 %CI, 1.639 to 6.987), and high grading of Wada drinking water test (OR=2.878, 95 %CI, 1.422 to 5.783) were the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients (P < 0.05). In the training set, the AUC of the Nomogram model for predicting aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients was 0.872 (95 %CI, 0.827 to 0.919), and was 0.859 (95 %CI, 0.807 to 0.904) in the test set. The calibration curve analysis showed that P value was 0.869 in the training set and 0.898 in the test set. The decision curve analysis for both the training set and test set showed that the Nomogram model was of good clinical applicability. Conclusion The risk of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients is related to large age, high NIHSS score, multiple lesions, high level of Hcy, weakened or absent spontaneous cough, and high grading of Wada drinking water test. The Nomogram predictive model established on these factors can effectively evaluate the risk of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients.

Background Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure may affect male reproductive health. There are regional differences in PFASs exposure levels among men of childbearing age in China, and current research results on associated influencing factors are inconsistent. Objective To investigate the levels of PFASs in serum and their determinants among men of childbearing age. Methods The participants (n=113, 22-45 years old) were from a cross-sectional study of exposure to environmental pollutants and male reproductive health damage in Hubei Province conducted from April to June 2013 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province. Eleven kinds of PFASs were measured in serum by isotopic dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The included PFASs were prefluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Information about participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and habits was collected by a set of self-designed questionnaires. The associations of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and habits with exposure to PFASs were analyzed by linear regression. Results The major components of PFASs were PFOS and PFOA, and the concentrations expressed as M (P₂₅, P₇₅) were 8.31 (4.90, 17.79) ng·mL⁻¹ and 2.77 (2.18, 3.46) ng·mL⁻¹, respectively. The positive rates of six PFASs (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA, PFHxS, and PFOS) were 100%, followed by PFDoA and PFTrDA (87.61% and 88.59%, respectively). The linear regression results showed that age was positively associated with the levels of Σ₈PFASs (sum of the concentrations of the eight PFASs with a positive rate greater than 80%) (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum PFOA in men with monthly family income of 2000-4000 yuan was 53.73% (P < 0.01) higher than those in men with monthly family income of <2000 yuan. The serum concentrations of PFNA and PFTrDA were both 32.31% (P < 0.05) higher in men with monthly family income ≥4000 yuan than those in men with monthly family income <2000 yuan. The serum concentration of PFHxS in men who used plastic cups was 33.64% (P < 0.01) higher than that in men who did not report oral contact with plastic products (plastic tableware, plastic cups, and plastic bags for packing food). The serum concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS, and Σ₈PFASs were 33.64% (P < 0.01), 43.33% (P < 0.01), and 36.34% (P < 0.05) higher in men who bathed with laundry soap than those in men who did not use detergents. Men who bathed with toilet soap had a 34.99% (P < 0.05) higher serum concentration of PFHxS than those who bathed without detergents. Conclusion Men of childbearing age are exposed to PFASs extensively. Age, monthly household income, usage of laundry soap or toilet soap in bathing, and usage of plastic cups may influence the level of PFASs in serum. However, further investigation is needed to confirm these results.

Objective:To study the genetic characteristics and genetic evolution of echovirus 30 (ECHO30) isolates in Yunnan Province, China.Methods:Virus isolation was performed on nucleic acid-positive samples for hand, foot, and mouth disease pathogen surveillance in Yunnan Province, and VP1 gene sequencing was performed. The sequences of eight ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province and the gene sequences of the VP1 region of the ECHO30 reference strain downloaded from GenBank were compared and analyzed using MEGA 5.0 software, and then a phylogenetic tree was constructed to measure the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between the isolates.Results:The ECHO30 virus was distributed in Wenshan, Qujing, Chuxiong, and Kunming in Yunnan Province. The ECHO30 virus was relatively common in Wenshan. ECHO30 isolates belonged to the H2 subtype of the H genotype, which was close to the local reference strain LC120939 in Yunnan Province. On the VP1 gene at site 5, the amino acid change ratio was more active, the amino acids were diverse, and mutations also occurred at sites 54, 156, 258, and so on. Nucleotide and amino acid homology were 84.0% - 100.0% and 98.4% - 100.0%, respectively.Conclusions:ECHO30 isolates from Yunnan Province have certain geographical characteristics and belong to H2 of the H genotype. The nucleotide differences in virus sequences among subtypes are small and have a close genetic relationship.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and toxicity of Croton tiglium L.(croton)oil on rats with cold accumulation constipation,and to clarify the toxic-effect relationship of croton oil in the treatment of cold accumulation constipation.Methods The rats were orally treated with 10%2℃activated carbon solution for 3 consecutive days to replicate the model of cold constipation.The rats were fed with croton oil on the fourth day,and then the time of first defecation and the number of defecations within 3 h were observed and recorded.HE staining was used to evaluate the general pathological conditions of the colon tissues of rats.The serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total protein(TP)were detected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)and nuclear transcription factor(NF)-κB P65 in colon tissues of rats.Results Croton oil could shorten the time of first defecation and increase the number of defecations within 3h in rats with cold accumulation constipation to varying degrees,and the 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1 croton oil group had significant statistical significance(P<0.05).HE staining results showed that compared with the model group,croton oil group could cause different degrees of inflammation and focal necrosis,goblet cell loss and lamina propria edema in the colon tissue of rats,and the 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group was the most serious in the colon tissue injury.In addition,compared with model group,croton oil group could increase the levels of COX-2,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum to varying degrees(P<0.05),and 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group had the most obvious effect.The level of MIP-1 in serum was increased in croton oil group,and the effect was significant in 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group(P<0.01).But croton oil group had no significant effect on serum IL-10 level of rats.The immunohistochemical results showed that the protein levels of MyD88 were increased in croton oil dose groups except 0.05 dose group,and there were significant differences in 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1 dose groups(P<0.05).The expression level of NF-κB p65 was enhanced in the colon of rats after croton oil treatment,and there was significant difference in 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with model group,croton dose groups had no changes in organ indexes of heart,spleen,lung,kidney and thymus(P>0.05),while liver organ indexes in1.89 and 0.94 g·kg-1 croton oil groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results of liver biochemical indexes showed that croton oil group did not increase the contents of ALT,AST,and TP in serum of rats,and the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Croton oil can exert a dose-dependent purgative effect at 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1,but it also induced colonic mucosal injury in rats by regulating the inflammatory response mediated by the MyD88/NF-κB pathway.At 0.94 and 0.47 g·kg-1,croton oil almost did not cause colon tissue injury in rats,but it had a weak purgative effect at this dose,suggesting that the best concentration range of croton oil in the treatment of cold accumulation constipation may be between 0.94 and 1.89 g·kg-1.