ObjectiveTo study the effect of Taikong Yangxin Pills on the metabolism of simulated weightless rats based on metabolomics and discuss the metabolism mechanism. MethodsIn the simulated space capsule environment on the ground， the rat model of simulated weightlessness was established by the tail suspension method. Rats were randomly grouped as follows： out-of-capsule control， in-capsule control， model， and high （3.0 g·kg^-1） and low （1.5 g·kg^-1） doses of Taikong Yangxin Pills， and they were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 28 days. The serum levels of endogenous metabolites in rats were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. The obtained data were processed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） to screen for differential metabolites and potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway enrichment analysis to explain the metabolic regulation mechanism of the drug. ResultsCompared with the out-of-capsule control group， the in-capsule control group showed elevated levels of thirteen metabolites， including 14-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid， linoleic acid， and α-linolenic acid （P<0.05）， which suggested that the space capsule environment mainly affected the metabolism of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the rats. Compared with the in-capsule control group， the model group showed lowered levels of fourteen metabolites， including 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid， isocitric acid/citric acid， and L-tyrosine （P<0.05）， which were recovered after the treatment with Taikong Yangxin pills （P<0.05）. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that weightlessness induced by tail suspension and drug intervention mainly involved the phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan biosynthesis， tyrosine metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle. ConclusionThe simulated space capsule environment and simulated weightlessness induced by tail suspension can both affect the metabolism level of rats. Taikong Yangxin pills can ameliorate the metabolic abnormality in the rat model of weightlessness by regulating various amino acids and energy metabolism-related pathways.

ObjectiveTo establish the fingerprints of 15 batches of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules， to quantitatively analyze 10 index components， and to evaluate the quality uniformity of samples from different batches. MethodsThe fingerprints and quantitative analysis of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules were established by a combination method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and charged aerosol detector（HPLC-DAD-CAD）， adenosine， guanosine， vanillic acid， safflomin A， agarotetrol， naringin， hesperidin， militarine， ginsenoside Rb₁， and glycyrrhizic acid were selected as quality attribute indexes. A total of 15 batches of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules from 2022 to 2024（3 boxes per batch） were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed， and the quality uniformity level of the manufacturers was characterized by parameters of intra-batch consistency（P_A） and inter-batch consistency（P_B）. The homogeneity and difference of quality attribute indexes of samples from different years were analyzed by heatmap clustering analysis. ResultsHPLC fingerprints and quantitative method of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules were established， and the methods could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of this preparation， which was found to be stable and reliable by method validation. The similarity of fingerprints of 15 batches of samples was 0.887-0.975， a total of 13 common peaks were calibrated， and 10 common peaks were designated， all of which were quality attribute index components. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the contents of the above 10 ingredients in the samples were 0.038-0.078， 0.115-0.251， 0.007-0.018， 0.291-0.673， 0.122-0.257， 0.887-1.905， 1.841-3.364， 1.412-2.450， 2.207-3.112， 0.650-1.161， respectively. And the contents of ginsenoside Rb₁ and glycyrrhizic acid met the limit requirements in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For the samples from 15 batches， the P_A values of the 10 index components were all <10%， indicating good intra-batch homogeneity， and the P_B values ranged from 33.86% to 92.97%， suggesting that the inter-batch homogeneity was poor. Heatmap clustering analysis showed that the samples from different years were clustered into separate categories， and adenosine， guanosine， safflomin A， naringin， hesperidin and agarotetrol were the main differential components. ConclusionThe intra-annual quality uniformity of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules is good and the inter-annual quality uniformity is insufficient， which may be related to the quality difference of Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum， Carthami Flos， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， Citri Fructus， etc. In this study， the fingerprint and multi-indicator determination method of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules was established， which can be used for more accurate and efficient quality control and standardization enhancement.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of ecological niche and interspecific relationships of mosquitoes in different habitats in Dongcheng District, Beijing, and to provide a basis for mosquito ecological monitoring, control and the development or optimization of prevention and control strategies for related mosquito-borne diseases. MethodsFrom May to October 2023, the ecological monitoring in residential areas, parks, tourist attractions and medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing was carried out using the carbon dioxide (CO₂) mosquito trapping method, and the ecological niche characteristics and interspecific relationships of mosquitoes in different habitats were analyzed using Levins ecological niche breadth index, Pinaka ecological niche overlap index and ecological niche similarity coefficients. ResultsThe temporal ecological niche of Culex pipiens pallens (10.62) was higher than that of Aedes albopictus (8.29) in different habitats in Dongcheng District of Beijing, and the temporal ecological niche overlap index of the two mosquitoes was as high as 0.87. The ecological niche breadth of Culex pipiens pallens was higher than that of Aedes albopictus in different monitoring habitats, and the order of the ecological niche breadth of Culex pipiens pallens in different monitoring habitats was, from high to low, as follows: residential areas (11.09) > tourist attractions (10.25) > medical institutions (9.15) > parks (9.07), while the ecological niche breadth of Aedes albopictus in different habitats was, in descending order, residential areas (8.56) > medical institutions (7.68) > parks (7.44) > tourist attractions (5.73). The results of niche overlap analysis showed that the overlap index between Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus was the largest in residential areas (0.86), as for in other habitats, which was, in descending order, parks (0.81) > medical institutions (0.68) > tourist attractions (0.60). Besides, the ecological similarity coefficients further verified that similarity coefficients, between the two mosquito species, were highest in residential areas (0.712), lowest in tourist attractions (0.497), and which were 0.675 in parks and 0.598 in medical institutions, respectively. ConclusionIn different monitoring habitats in Dongcheng District of Beijing, Culex albopictus pallens demonstrates a stronger spatio-temporal resource utilization ability than Aedes albopictus, and the two species exhibit more similar spatio-temporal resource utilization patterns in residential areas. Corresponding control strategies targeting the characteristics of ecological niches and interspecific relationships of these two mosquito species in different habitats should be developed to enhance the prevention and control effect.

Objective To develop a nomogram for predicting the risks of early anastomotic recurrence(EAR)after primary bowel resection in patients with Crohn's disease(CD).Methods The patients with CD under-going preoperative magnetic resonance enterography(MRE)and primary bowel resection were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into an EAR group(18 patients)and EAR-free group(12 patients).The EAR group included the patients having an endoscopic Rutgeerts score of≥I2 month or the need for anastomotic resection within 12 months after surgery.All the 38 indexes including preoperative demographic characteristics,laboratory examina-tions,multi-parameter MRE features of the resected intestine and its adjacent mesentery,histological findings,and postoperative pharmacotherapy were analyzed.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors to be incorpo-rated into the nomogram for predicting the risks of early anastomotic recurrence and the prediction performance was evaluated.Results Mesenteric creeping fat index on MRE and comb sign were independent risks of EAR,with a concordance index of 0.882(95%CI:0.764～1).The calibration plot revealed a strong relationship between actual observation and predicted probability of EAR.Conclusions The preoperative MRE-based nomogram may be a potential tool for predicting EAR following surgery in patients with CD,which is beneficial to individual management in those patients.It provides reference for the formulation of early postoperative individualized drug adjuvant therapy in patients at high risk of EAR.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM)is a rare,highly aggressive,and lethal tumor with poor prognosis.Its survival period ranges from four months to one year,and the 5-year survival rate is only about 10%.MPM is highly resistant to chemotherapy,and conventional treatments such as cisplatin combined with pemetrexed or raltitrexed only have a certain effect in about 20%of patients.In recent years,with the continuous in-depth understanding of the genetic variation characteristics of MPM,some progress has been made in the molecular mechanism underlying the chemotherapy resistance of MPM.This article will summarize the research progress of the molecular mechanism underlying the chemotherapy resistance of MPM,including BAP1 gene mutation,microRNA,MTA1-mediated DNA damage repair pathway,GITR-GITRL pathway,TGFa pathway,tumor stem cell,EGFR,and PTEN.The aim of this work is to provide a reference for exploring new therapeutic targets and combined treatment options for MPM.

Psychotherapy is one of the widely used therapies for depression.Yet there are currently no definitive biological markers as indicators of effectiveness.Using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)to assess the neuroimaging biomarkers before and after different psychological treatments for depression reveals corresponding changes in brain region activation and functional connectivity.For example,after cognitive-behavioral therapy,the prefrontal cortex of patients may be activated and dynamic functional connectivity variability may change,while mindfulness therapy may show alterations in specific temporal lobe regions.Additionally,studies exploring special populations and internet-based psychological intervention have also found changes in brain region activation and functional connectivity,providing guidance for the efficacy evaluation of corresponding psychotherapies.This article reviews the characteristic brain region or network changes in fMRI activity after different psychotherapies in depressed patients,aiming to discuss future directions for research that integrates neuroimaging with psychological treatment for depression.

Objective:To evaluate the role of sphingosine-1-phospho-1 receptor 1 (S1PR1) in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats with incisional pain and the relationship with KCNQ2/3 potassium channels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG).Methods:Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats with successful caudal vein catheterization, aged 2-3 months, weighing 260-280 g, were divided into 6 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), S1PR1 inhibitor group (FTY720) group (group F), remifentanil group (group R), remifentanil + S1PR1 inhibitor (FTY720) group (group RF), remifentanil + incision pain group (group RI) and remifentanil + incision pain + S1PR1 inhibitor (FTY720) group (group RIF). In group C, normal saline 0.1 ml· kg -1·min -1 was intravenously infused for 60 min. In group F, FTY720 3 nmol was intrathecally injected at 10 min before normal saline injection, and 0.1 ml · kg -1·min -1 normal saline was infused into the caudal vein for 60 min. Remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg -1·min -1 was infused for 60 min through the caudal vein in group R. In RF group, FTY720 (3 nmol) was intrathecally injected, and 10 min later remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg -1·min -1 was infused via the caudal vein for 60 min. The incisional pain model was established, and remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg -1·min -1 was infused via the caudal vein for 60 min in RI group. In RIF group, FTY720 3 nmol was intrathecally injected at 10 min before remifentanil infusion, then the incisional pain model was developed, and remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg -1·min -1 was infused via the caudal vein at the same time for 60 min. The mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdraw latency (TWL) were measured at 24 h before remifentanil or normal saline infusion (T 0) and 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after remifentanil or normal saline infusion (T 1-4). The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold, and the L 4-6 segments of the DRG were taken for determination of the expression of S1PR1, KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 protein and mRNA in the DRG by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased, and the TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of S1PR1 protein and mRNA in the DRG was up-regulated, the expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 protein and mRNA in the DRG was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter in R and RI groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group R, the MWT was significantly decreased, and the TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of S1PR1 protein and mRNA in the DRG was up-regulated, and the expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 protein and mRNA in the DRG was down-regulated in group RI, and the MWT was significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at T 1-4, the expression of S1PR1 protein and mRNA in the DRG was down-regulated, and the expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 protein and mRNA in the DRG was up-regulated in group RF ( P<0.05). Compared with group RI, the MWT was significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at T 1-4, the expression of S1PR1 protein and mRNA in the DRG was down-regulated, and the expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 protein and mRNA in the DRG was up-regulated in group RIF ( P<0.05). Conclusions:S1PR1 is involved in the process of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats with incisional pain, which is related to the inhibition of KCNQ2/3 potassium channel expression in the DRG.

Objective:To analyze the effects of microvascular invasion (MVI) and anatomical hepatectomy on early recurrence and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The data of 246 patients with HCC admitted to 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital from July 2008 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 208 males and 38 females, aged (53.8±9.6) years. According to the occurrence of MVI, 246 patients were divided into the MVI group ( n=83) and control group ( n=163, without MVI). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), maximum tumor diameter, intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. The recurrence-free survival and cumulative survival were compared between the two groups before and after the inverse probability weighted correction for propensity score. Results:The propensity score was calculated by logistic regression model. After inverse probability weighted correction, the virtual sample size was 247 cases (82 cases in MVI group and 165 cases in control group). The proportion of HBV infection, with a serum level of AFP > 200 μg/L, the maximum diameter of tumor and the intraoperative blood loss were higher in MVI group (all P<0.05). The risk of early recurrence in patients undergoing anatomical hepatectomy ( n=107) was lower than that in patients undergoing non-anatomical hepatectomy ( n=139) (univariate Cox regression analysis of HR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.42, P=0.020), but the overall survival was comparable (univariate Cox regression analysis of HR=1.66, 95% CI: 0.80 to 3.42, P=0.200). The recurrence-free survival (RFS) of MVI group was lower than that of the control group, and the postoperative cumulative survival rate was also lower before the inverse probability weighted correction of the tendency score. The RFS in MVI group was lower than that in control group after the tendency score was adjusted by inverse probability weighting ( HR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.61 to 4.27, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival between the MVI and control group ( HR=2.09, 95% CI: 0.89 to 4.93, P=0.050). Conclusion:MVI is associated with early postoperative recurrence in patients with HCC, and the early recurrence rate after anatomical hepatectomy is lower than that after non-anatomical hepatectomy.

Objective:To summarize treatment strategies and outcomes of patient suffer from acute Stanford type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) with mesenteric malperfusion.Methods:We collected 13 patients with mesenteric malperfusion among 321 ATAAD patients underwent surgery at Nanjing First Hospital during January 2019 to September 2022. Characteristics of these patients were recorded. We analyzed their early and late clinical outcomes.Results:Two patients underwent revascularization-first strategy in hybrid operation room had no in-hospital mortality or complication related to mesenteric ischemia. There were 11 patients with central repair-first strategy. Eight patients appeared mesenteric complications and 2 of them needed extra gastrointestinal surgery. Six in-hospital mortality were recorded in central repair-first patients.Conclusion:We recommended revascularization-first strategy with followed central repair in hybrid operation room for patients suffered from ATAAD with mesenteric malperfusion. Those who underwent central repair-first strategy because of coronary artery or cerebral malperfusion and unstable hemodynamic needed percutaneous angiography of mesenteric artery.

Objective:To explore the effect of bifidobacterium triple viable enteric coated capsule combined with pentoxifylline on renal function and prognosis in elderly patients with early diabetic nephropathy.Methods:The clinical data of 110 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with early diabetes nephropathy in Hebei Eighth People′s Hospital from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were given routine dietary control, exercise therapy and insulin therapy. On this basis, 55 patients were treated with pentoxifylline (control group), and 55 patients were treated with bifidobacterium triple viable enteric coated capsule combined with pentoxifylline (study group). The efficacy 3 months after treatment was evaluated, and the adverse reactions were record. Before treatment and after 1 and 3 months of treatment, the blood glucose indexes (including fasting blood glucose, FBG; 2 h postprandial blood glucose, 2 h PBG; insulin sensitivity index, Matsuda index), renal function indexes (including urea nitrogen; creatinine; urinary microalbumin excretion rate, UAER), intestinal flora amount (including bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, enterococcus and escherichia coli) and inflammatory response stress indexes (including interleukin-6, IL-6; transforming growth factor β 1, TGF-β 1; malondialdehyde; reactive oxygen species) were measured. Results:Three months after treatment, the total effective rate in study group was significantly higher than that in control group: 94.55% (52/55) vs. 81.82% (45/55), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.27, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between study group and control group: 3.64% (2/55) vs. 10.91% (6/55), χ2 = 1.21, P>0.05. There were no statistical differences in all indexes before treatment between study group and control group ( P>0.05). The FBG and 2 h PBG after 1 and 3 months of treatment in study group were significantly lower than those in control group; while the Matsuda index was significantly higher than that in control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01). The creatinine, urea nitrogen and UAER after 1 and 3 months of treatment in study group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01). The amounts of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus after 1 and 3 months of treatment in study group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the amounts of enterococcus and escherichia coli were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). The IL-6, TGF-β 1, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species after 1 and 3 months of treatment in study group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Bifidobacterium triple viable enteric coated capsule combined with pentoxifylline is effective and safe in elderly patients with early diabetes nephropathy in the. It can effectively control blood sugar level and improve renal function, which may be related to regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting inflammatory reaction stress state.