Objective: To investigate the infection status of group A streptococcus (GAS) among scarlet fever cases within the same class in schools experiencing clustering outbreaks and to analyze the factors associated with GAS detection, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of scarlet fever. Methods: All the classes with scarlet fever cases in schools reporting the clustering outbreaks of scarlet fever in Tianjin in 2023 were selected, and a total of 528 pharyngeal swab samples were collected from other students in the class for GAS isolation and identification except for the 97 patients. Conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of GAS detection. Results: The overall positive rate of GAS among students in 15 classes from 12 clustering outbreaks with scarlet fever was 21.02%. There was a positive correlation between the positive rate of GAS detection in the class and the number of scarlet fever cases in the class ( r =0.82, P <0.01). The results of conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that pharyngeal pain ( OR=2.53, 95%CI =1.61-3.99) and tonsillar enlargement ( OR=1.90, 95%CI =1.15-3.14) of the sampled students were more likely to detect GAS positivity ( P <0.05). Conclusions In the clustered outbreak of scarlet fever in schools, students with sore throat and swollen tonsils who are in the same class as the case are more likely to be detected with GAS. During a school scarlet fever cluster outbreak, students with sore throat and swollen tonsils should be closely monitored and managed similarly to confirmed cases. At the same time, identifying close contacts in the affected class should not be restricted to those seated directly around the case.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xianqi Qinglong Formula （仙芪青龙方， XQF） in the treatment of cough variant asthma （CVS） patients with lung and kidney deficiency and exuberant wind-induced spasm and tension syndrome. MethodsA randomized， positive-controlled， non-inferiority clinical trial was designed. Totally， 102 CVS patients with lung and kidney deficiency and exuberant wind-induced spasm and tension syndrome were randomly divided into a treatment group （52 cases） and a control group （50 cases）. The treatment group was given XQF granules orally， 1 dose per day， 2 bags each time （9.25 g/bag）， twice a day， after breakfast and dinner； the control group was given XQF granules placebo orally combined with inhaled fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol （125 μg each time， twice a day）. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks and followed up for 12 weeks， with a total of 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the cough symptom score （including daytime， nighttime and total score）， evaluated before treatment （at enrollment）， during treatment （after the 6th week of enrollment）， at the end of treatment （after the 12th week of enrollment）， and at the end of follow-up （after the 24th week of enrollment）. The non-inferiority was determined by the lower limit （LCL） of the unilateral 95% confidence interval. The secondary outcomes included cough relief and disappearance， total score of TCM syndrome， cough visual analogue （VAS） score， Leicester Cough Questionnaire （LCQ） score， and lung function indicators including forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1）， percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1%pred）， forced vital capacity （FVC）， and peak expiratory flow （PEF）. Blood routine and liver and kidney function were tested before and after treatment， and the adverse events were recorded. ResultsA total of 101 patients were included in the full analysis set （FAS）， including 52 cases in the treatment group and 49 cases in the control group. After treatment， the daytime， nighttime and total cough symptom scores during treatment， at the end of treatment and at the end of follow-up all decreased in both two groups （P＜0.01）. The unilateral 95% LCL of the total cough symptom scores during treatment， at the end of treatment and at the end of follow-up of the two groups were -0.14， -0.47 and -0.27 （95% LCL all＞-0.6）. There were no significant differences in the cough relief rate， cough disappearance rate， cough relief days and cough disappearance days between the two groups at each time point （P＞0.05）. Compared to those before treatment， the TCM syndrome scores and cough VAS scores during treatment， at the end of treatment and at the end of follow-up decreased in both groups， while the LCQ scores increased （P＜0.01）， but there were no significant differences in FEV1， FEV1%， FVC and PEF before and after treatment （P＞0.05）. There were no significant differences in TCM syndrome scores， cough VAS scores， LCQ scores， FEV1， FEV1%， FVC， and PEF between the two groups at each time point （P＞0.05）. No clinically significant abnormal liver and kidney function were found in the two groups before and after treatment. ConclusionXQF is not inferior to fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol in relieving cough symptoms， reducing cough scores， decreasing the number of cough attack days， and improving the quality of life when treating CVS patients with lung and kidney deficiency and exuberant wind-induced spasms and tension syndrome， and relatively safe.

The erector spinae plane block(ESPB)technique proposed by Forero et al.has drawn increasing attention due to its reliable effects and fewer complications in simple and safe procedures.It has been successfully applied in anesthesia management during the perioperative period.This article mainly introduces the anatomical basis,possible mechanism of action,common operating methods,and clinical applications during the perioperative period of ESPB.Starting from the advantages,disadvantages,and complications of ESPB,it compares ESPB with other common thoracolumbar analgesic methods,providing better evidence support for the perioperative application and future development of ESPB.

We report a case of functional parathyroid cyst treated by ultrasound-guided anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy and microwave ablation. The 63-year-old female patient was diagnosed to have functional parathyroid cyst with hypercalcemia, high PTH and cystic space-occupying lesions in the neck by ultrasound, radionuclide scanning and PTH measurement of the cystic fluid. The patient refused to receive cyst resection, and anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy with microwave ablation was performed under ultrasound guidance. The procedure was completed smoothly without any complications either during or after the operation. Follow-up examination of the patient at 18 months after the operation showed a significant reduction of the mass and normal blood calcium and iPTH levels, demonstrating a clinical cure of the patient. Ablative treatment of functional parathyroid cyst has not been documented so far. This approach provides a minimally invasive treatment modality for such cases where surgical resection is not an option, but its efficacy and safety need to be evaluated in more cases with longer follow-up time.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Microwaves/therapeutic use* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Cysts ; Ethanol/therapeutic use* ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective:To prepare specific molecular probe 18F-AlF-1, 4, 7-triazacylononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid-(polyethylene glycol) 4-ZD2 ( 18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2) for targeting extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN), and evaluate its properties in vitro and in vivo. Methods:18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 was prepared by one-step chelation labeling with Al 18F. The radiochemical purity and in vitro stability were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The partition coefficient (logP) of 18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 was evaluated, and the cell uptake experiment was carried out (triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells (1×10 6/tube) were divided into 3 groups ( n=3 per group); positive group, inhibition group, control group). MicroPET imaging was performed on MDA-MB-231 bearing nude mice ( n=3) after 18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 injection (30, 60, 90, 120 min) and compared with blocking group ( n=3, NOTA-PEG 4-ZQ 2 was preinjected at 0.5 h before 18F-AIF-NOTA-PEG a-ZD2 injection). Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 was successfully prepared. The optimized radiochemical yield was (33.8±2.1)% (undecay corrected, n=8) and the radiochemical purity was >96%. After incubating 120 min at 37 ℃, the radiochemical purity of 18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 in human serum and PBS was >93%, indicating its good stability in vitro. The specific activity was (11.1±3.2) GBq/μmol, and logP was -1.43±0.05. The uptake value of tumor cells was (1.77±0.28) percentage applied activity (%AR)/10 6 cells at 120 min post-injection in positive group, and the total uptake value of the inhibition group was (0.76±0.07) %AR/10 6 cells ( t=4.30, P=0.032). MicroPET imaging in tumor bearing nude mice showed that 18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 was mainly metabolized by the liver and kidneys. The tumor uptake value was (1.94±0.21) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 60 min post-injection and the tumor/muscle ratio was 3.80±0.25 at 90 min post-injection in the experimental group, while the tumor uptake value of tumor bearing nude mice in the blocking group was (0.43±0.09) %ID/g at 60 min post-injection ( t=3.18, P=0.006). Conclusions:18F-AlF-NOTA-PEG 4-ZD2 can be prepared simply with high labeling rate and good stability in vitro, with high tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratio in microPET imaging, and good specificity and long tumor residence time. The probe has good application prospect in breast cancer with high expression of fibronectin subtype EDB-FN.

Medical service pricing system is the basic system of health economics, which has a profound impact on physicians′ medical behavior and the running mode of hospital. Rui′an City, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, freed up the cost space of drug and consumables based on the reasonable diagnosis and treatment behavior of doctors and selection of drug and consumables in the hospital procurement link. 68% of the free space was used to improve the price of medical services. 248 medical service items with obvious cost inversion were selected, such as nursing, traditional Chinese medicine, diagnosis, etc., and the price adjustment range was determined according to the agreed free space limit. Meanwhile, the credit mechanism of Alipay was applied to synchronously implement " vacating space and adjusting structure" , so as to solve the game problem between medical treatment and medical insurance, broaden the path of the " translation compensation method" of medical service price reform, and produce policy superposition and linkage effect with the reform of medical insurance payment mode.

Objective:To compare oxytocin combined with ergometrine with oxytocin alone in terms of primary prophylaxis for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) at the time of cesarean section (CS).Methods:This was a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled interventional study comparing ergometrine combined with oxytocin and oxytocin alone administered at CS. From December 2018 to November 2019, a total of 298 parturients were enrolled in 16 hospitals nationwide. They were randomly divided into experimental group (ergometrine intra-myometrial injection following oxytocin intravenously; 148 cases) and control group (oxytocin intra-myometrial injection following oxytocin intravenously; 150 cases) according to 1∶1 random allocation. The following indexes were compared between the two groups: (1) main index: blood loss 2 hours (h) after delivery; (2) secondary indicators: postpartum blood loss at 6 h and 24 h, placental retention time, incidence of PPH, the proportion of additional use of uterine contraction drugs, hemostatic drugs or other hemostatic measures at 2 h and 24 h after delivery, the proportion requiring blood transfusion, and the proportion of prolonged hospital stay due to poor uterine involution; (3) safety indicators: nausea, vomiting, dizziness and other adverse reactions, and blood pressure at each time point of administration.Results:(1) The blood loss at 2 h after delivery in the experimental group [(402±18) ml] was less than that in the control group [(505±18) ml], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). (2) The blood loss at 6 h and 24 h after delivery in the experimental group were less than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of PPH, the proportion of additional use of uterine contraction drugs, hemostatic drugs or other hemostatic measures at 2 h and 24 h after delivery, the proportion requiring blood transfusion, and the proportion of prolonged hospital stay due to poor uterine involution (all P>0.05). (3) Adverse reactions occurred in 2 cases (1.4%, 2/148) in the experimental group and 1 case (0.7%, 1/150) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The systolic blood pressure within 2.0 h and diastolic blood pressure within 1.5 h of drug administration in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05), but the blood pressure of the two groups were in the normal range. Conclusion:The use of ergometrine injection in CS could reduce the amount of PPH, which is safe and feasible.

For improving epitope immunogenicity and achieving the co-immunization, late protein 1 (L1) of HPV type 16 (HPV16L1) was selected as the vector to carry the dominant epitope of Toxoplasma gondii because of the shared common population between Toxoplasma gondii and human papillomavirus (HPV). RSepitope-HPV16L1 (RSepitope fused at the "N-terminus" of HPV16L1) and HPV16L1-RSepitope (RSepitope fused at the "C-terminus" of HPV16L1) chimeras were constructed. After transfection of COS-7 cells with the recombinants, Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that RSepitope-HPV16L1 could successfully express the corresponding mRNA and protein of RSepitope and HPV16L1, but the HPV16L1-RSepitope construct could not. A "prime-boost" immunization program was applied in mice to further evaluate the immune response elicited by the constructs, and the RSepitope-HPV16L1 immunization group produced the most significantly increased humoral and cellular immune responses (the highest RSepitope-specific IgG antibody level and the highest IFN-γ production, respectively), in which both elevated Th1 and Th2 immune responses were obtained. Moreover, the advantage of HPV16L1 as an epitope carrier was remarkable for RSepitope-HPV16L1, which induced a more prominent immunological response than RSepitope alone (without fusion with HPV16L1). Our research indicated that the N-terminus of HPV16L1 could be a better insertion site for enhancing target epitope immunogenicity, and our study offers a design for epitope vaccine of reasonable combination.
Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Epitopes ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Toxoplasma ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of two doses of varicella vaccine in a population at high risk for varicella.Methods:The case group involved all varicella cases in classes with no less than three patients during varicella outbreaks in Tianjin schools from 2017 to 2019. A case-control study was carried out in a 1∶3 ratio. According to the seat position of each case, three nearby students who did not suffer from varicella were selected as controls. The protective effect of two doses of varicella vaccine was evaluated.Results:The total protective effect of varicella vaccine was 46.0% (95% CI: 42.7%-49.0%). The protective effect was 44.7% (95% CI: 41.2%-48.0%) for one-dose varicella vaccine and 80.0% (95% CI: 63.1%-89.2%) for two-dose varicella vaccine. For two doses of varicella vaccine, the protective effect was 87.6% (95% CI: 52.0%-96.8%) after 0-2 years and 76.6% (95% CI: 33.6%-91.5%) after 3-5 years.Conclusions:The protective effect of two doses of varicella vaccine is better than that of one dose. However, both one-dose and two-dose vaccines show decreased protective effect over time. A booster immunization could be considered in high-risk population with longer intervals since the last vaccination.

Objective:To investigate the image quality of digital radiography (DR) versus neoimaging (NE) technique in imaging of the spine and lower extremities in a standing position. Methods:The clinical data of 163 patients who underwent DR of the thoracolumbar spine and full-length lower extremities in a staining position in June to December 2019 in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province were retrospectively analyzed. Conventional DR images were designated as pre-processing images. NE software technique-processed images were designated as post-processing images. The image quality between the two techniques were compared.Results:Grade I image quality was observed in 91.41% (149/163) of DR images, and grade II image quality in 8.59% (14/163) of DR images. Grade I image quality was found in 93.87% (153/163) of NE software-treated images, and grade II image quality in 6.14% (10/163) NE software-treated images. There was significant difference in image quality between before and after NE software processing ( χ2 = 10.220, P = 0.001). Conclusion:NE software technique can seamlessly splice conventional DR images of the spine and low extremities in a standing position without being limited by equipment. Thus, high-quality images can be obtained to meet the requirement of clinical diagnosis. This study is innovative.