AIM: To explore whether free radicals participate in cerebral ischemic tolerance and the up-regula-tion of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways in rats induced by limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP). METHODS: A total of 128 Wistar rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral vertebral arteries were randomly divided into sham group (n=16), cerebral ischemia (CI) group (n=16), LIP+CI group (n=16), DMTU (a free radical scavenger)+LIP+CI group (n=64) and DMTU+sham group (n=16). Six rats in each group were used to observe the delayed neuronal death (DND) in hippocampal CA1 region by thionin staining at 7 d after the end of operation. Other 10 rats in each group were used to de-tect the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK in hippocampal CA1 region by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RE-SULTS: Lethal CI resulted in obvious DND in hippocampal CA1 region. However, LIP reversed the above injurious changes, represented by the decrease in histological grade and the increase in neuronal density compared with CI group (P<0. 01). Moreover, LIP significantly up-regulated the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK in hippocampal CA1 region com-pared with CI group (P<0. 01). Administration of free radical scavenger DMTU via femoral vein before LIP partially re-versed the neuroprotective effect of LIP, and blocked the up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK expression in hippocampal CA1 region in rats compared with LIP+CI group (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: Free radicals are involved in the neuropro-tection and up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK expression induced by LIP in rats.

Objective To explore the impact of sleep quality in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes. Methods A total of 657 pregnant women in the obstetrics clinic of our hospital were selected as the research subjects. The basic information of pregnant women, sleep time and sleep quality in early period of pregnancy were collected through questionnaires. Glucose tolerance screening tests were performed at 24-28 gestational weeks to screen out GDM pregnant women. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of sleep status in early pregnancy on the incidence of gestational diabetes. Results 112 pregnant women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and 92 women in early pregnancy were indicated of abnormal sleep quality. Sleep disorders might lead to an increased risk of gestational diabetes (OR=1.031, 95％CI=1.027-1.115). Age, pre-pregnancy BMI, early pregnancy sleep quality and number of pregnancy and delivery were risk factors for gestational diabetes. Conclusion Poor sleep quality in early pregnancy is a high risk factor for gestational diabetes. Treatment of abnormal sleep during early pregnancy can reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes.

Objective:To research the clinical effect of abdominal total hysterectomy on the patients with uterine fibroids and the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6),interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels.Methods:106 cases of patients with uterine fibroids from February 2014 to February 2016 were divided into the control group and the research group according to the lottery method,the control group was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy,while the research group was given abdominal total hysterectomy treatment,the operation time,blood loss,anal exhaust time,length of hospital stay,changes of serum VEGF,IL-6,IL-8,Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2) levels,resistance to seedling le tube hormone (AMH) before and after the surgery as well as the occurrence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:The operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,anal exhaust time of research group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Before surgery,the serum levels of VEGF,IL-6,IL-8,FSH,E2,AMH showed no difference between two groups (P＞0.05).After the operation,the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,E2,AMH of research group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),the serum level of FSH in research group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The serum level of VEGF showed no difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The incidence rate of complications in research group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Abdominal total hysterectomy showed similar effect with the abdominal hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine fibroids patients,but the abdominal full hysterectomy induced less trauma,promoted the recovery of ovarian function after surgery,which might be related to the decrease of serum IL-6,IL-8 and VEGF levels.

Objective To investigate the effect of computer-assisted cognition training on the cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients.Methods One hundred and four persons with schizophrenia were randomly divided into a research group of 51 cases and a control group of 53.The former were given computerized cognition training covering attention,memory and executive functions.The training lasted 2 months.The controls received regular occupational and recreational therapy.Before and after the treatment the 2 groups were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS),the Trail Making tests A and B (TMTs),Wechsler's memory scale (WMS) and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST).Results The average total PANSS score of the research group declined significantly from (70.23 ±7.62) before treatment to (59.82 ± 8.41) after treatment;so did that of the control group from (68.32 ± 10.14) to (59.45 ± 9.05).The average negative symptoms scale score of the treatment group and the control group also decreased significantly for (21.46 ± 3.26) before treatment to (16.67 ±3.20),and from (20.82 ±4.21) to (17.08 ±3.23) respectively,but there was no significant difference between the groups in the magnitude.The research group's average TMT A and TMT B scores also decreased from(51.76±21.18) and (114.31 ±35.76) to (44.14 ±17.51) and (96.47 ±34.43),while no significant difference was observed before and after the treatment in the control group.The WMS recognition and regeneration scores of the research group improved significantly from (5.83 ± 3.12) and (8.63 ± 3.45) to (8.21 ± 3.96) and (10.24 ±3.52) after intervention,while no improvement was found in the control group.The same trend was observed in the total test number,the continuous error numbers,the correct numbers and the classification number scores in the WCST.Conclusion Computerized cognition training can improve the cognition of persons with schizophrenia to some extent.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by transiently transfecting with YAP small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells.Methods MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells were transiently transfected by YAP siRNA.Furthermore,protein expressions and mRNA levels of characteristic markers of EMT (E-cadherin,N-cadherin) were examined by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction.Transwell invasion assay was used to detect changes of invasiveness of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells.Results The YAP siRNA transfected group in MHCC97H was examined after 72 hours by Western blotting.The result showed obviously higher expression of E-cadherin in transfected group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and lower expression of N-cadherin (P ＜ 0.05).In MHCC97L cells,the expression of E-cadherin was also significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),however,N-cadherin expression did not significantly change (P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,compared with the control group,transwell invasion assay showed that the number of the transfected group cells significantly decreased in MHCC97H(66 ± 6.89 vs 117 ± 7.23,P ＜ 0.05),and compared with the control group,the number of the transfected group also significantly decreased in MHCC97L (40 ±2.65 vs 77 ±4.33,P ＜0.05).The result of real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that mRNA levels of E-cadherin increased (P ＜ 0.05),but mRNA levels of N-cadherin did not significantly change (P ＞ 0.05).This is considered as post-transcriptional regulation after silencing YAP in MHCC97H and MHCC97L.Conclusions YAP silencing is able to inhibit EMT in MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells by modulating the characteristic markers of EMT.The inhibition of YAP expression can reduce the invasion ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the expression of Hippo pathway component in hepatic cancer tissues and investigate its effects on the tumor recurrence after Iiver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 105 patients with liver cancer who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2004 to September 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The samples of liver cancer tissues were collected.The maximum diameter,number of foci,blood vessel involvement,preoperative level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),results of postoperative pathological examination were analyzed.All the patients were followed up via out-patient examination,mail and phone call.Patients were followed up once a week within the first month after operation,and once a month within the 6 months after operation,and then once every 3 months at 1 year later.The follow-up ended in December 2012 or tumor recurrence.The disease-free survival time began at the date of operation and ended at the time of tumor recurrence.The expressions of Yes-associated protein (YAP),phosphorylated YAP,Hippo pathway component (Lats1/2,pLats1/2,Mst1,pMst1/2) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.All data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Student t test.Factors might influence the postoperative tumorfree survival time after liver transplantation were analyzed using the Cox regression model.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the disease-free survival was analyzed using Log-rank test.Results Positive expressions of YAP and phosphorylated YAP were detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm,and the positive expressions of Lats1/2,pLats1/2,Mst1 and pMst1/2 were detected in the cytoplasm.The positive expressions of YAP,phosphorylated YAP,Latsl/2,pLats1/2,Mst1 and pMst1/2 protein were 51.43％ (54/105),55.24％ (58/105),45.71％ (48/105),9.52％ (10/105),64.76％ (68/105) and 20.00％ (21/105),respectively.The positive expression of YAP was correlated with the tumor diameter,venous infiltration and AJCC stage (x2=4.173,9.611,7.233,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression of Lats1/2 protein was correlated with tumor diameter and AJCC stages (x2=14.413,7.969,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression of Mst1 protein was correlated with the tumor diameter (x2=4,129,P ＜0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that the protein expressions of YAP,Lats1/2,pMst1/2,age,tumor diameter,tissue differentiation,preoperative level of AFP,venous infiltration and AJCC stages were risk factors influencing tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (HR =2.603,0.502,1.802,0.955,3.559,2.395,2.414,2.915,2.086,95％ CI:1.452-4.666,0.287-0.880,1.040-3.123,0.931-0.981,1.921-6.595,1.475-3.889,1.313-4.337,1.604-5.229,1.370-3.176,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the positive expression of YAP,tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm,low differentiation of tissue and AJCC stages Ⅲ were independent risk factors influencing tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (HR=2.011,2.176,2.390,1.574,95％CI:1.115-3.628,1.125-4.206,1.448-3.945,1.041-2.381,P ＜ 0.05).The median time of follow-up was 13.0 months (range,1.0-96.0 months).Eight patients missed follow-up.Fifty-four patients had tumor recurrence,and the mean time of tumor recurrence was 6.7 months (range,1.0-41.0 months).The disease-free survival time of patients with positive expression of YAP were significantly shorter than those with negative expression of YAP (Log-rank value =12.890,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Positive expressions of YAP and phosphorylated YAP were detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm,and the positive expressions of Lats1/2,pLats1/2,Mst1 and pMst1/2 were detected in the cytoplasm.The positive expression of YAP is the independent risk factor for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation.

Objective To explore the associations of the sub-components of central executive function ( inhibition, shifting and updating) with monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA ) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase ( DBH ).Methods The cognitive performance of the 719 healthy individuals,who were selected randomly from an university in Xi' an,was assessed by the world wide used paradigms of central executive function. Then, a populationbased study was performed to analysis the associations of central executive function with the 30-bp variable number tandem repeat and -C1021T in the promoters of MAOA and DBH ,respectively. Results The results indicated that the 30-bp variable number tandem repeat of MAOA was associated with the performance of inhibition and updating ( x2 = 4.82,4.50; P= 0. 03,0.03 ) in males. The reaction time of inhibition test was shorter in 3r genotype group ( (671.32 ±9.77 )ms) than that in 4r genotype group ( (706.61 ± 14.58 ) ms) ,and the indivudals with 3r genotype (47.85 ±0. 69) had more updating numbers than the indivudals with 4r (45.13 ± 1. 05). However, there was no significant association of the -C1021T and DBH with the components of excutive function (P＞0.05). Conclusion The present study suggests that the 30-bp variable number tandem repeat of MAOA contributs to the inhibition in males while -C1021T of DBH has no striking effects on the components of executive function in males and females.

Objective To explore the relationship between interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 2 (IL1RAPL2) gene and cognitive abilities of children in Qin-Ba mountainous region. Methods Four tagged SNPs (rs5962434,rs5916817, rs3764765 and rs5962298 ) in IL1RAPL2 were selected, and then genotyped by PCR-SSCP method in a 320 children sample aged from six to fourteen years old. Results The results showed the rs5962434, rs5916817 ,rs3764765 and rs5962298 had no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05),and there were no significant statistical differences in the average psychometric scores of general cognitive ability(P=0.81,0.53,0.79,0.90) ,verbal comprehension (P=0.58,0.47,0.69,0.87 ) ,memory and concentration (P=0.69,0.35,0.76,0.90) among the compared genotype groups at each of the markers. Furthermore,the results also indicated that the four SNPs were not associated with perceptual organization in males and females respectively (P = 0.70,0.85,0.76,0.90,0.65,0.22,0.98,0.90 ). Conclusion The present work suggests that the human general cognitive ability, the three cognitive factors of C-WISC scale are not influenced manifestly by the genetic variations in IL1RAPL2.

From April 2009 onward, a new strain of human H1N1 influenza virus has swept over the world. The genome of influenza virus consists of 8 segments, encoding 10 proteins, respectively. The reassortments among the 8 segments cause the variation of influenza virus. Therefore, phylogenetic analysis of the 8 genes is very important. In this paper, we choose neighboring word frequency as the genomic features, using VC++ programming to analyze evolution of the 8 segments of H1N1 virus. As a result, we found that PB2 genes and PA genes of these three isolated virus were originated from North American avian influenza virus, that PB1 genes were originated from the seasonal influenza virus of human, and that HA genes, NS genes and NP genes came from the North American classical swine influenza A virus. The NA segments and M segments were originated from the European swine influenza virus.
Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Mexico ; epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; United States ; epidemiology

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Methods200 chronic schizophrenics were divided into study group and control group, BPRS and IPROS were used in evaluation before and 3-week after training. ResultsThe scores of both BPRS and IPROS in study group significantly improved (P<0.01) after rehabilitation; only the score of BPRS in control group improved (P<0.05) in control group. ConclusionComprehensive rehabilitation can improve the social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.