Objective:To compare the mid-term clinical effects of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (ART+CDT) with catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities.Methods:Ninety-one patients admitted to the Department from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017 were placed with inferior vena cava filters and divided into ART+CDT group (30 cases)and CDT group (61 cases). Total urokinase dosge, thrombolytic time, operative cost, length of hospital stay, detumescence rate, thrombus clearance rate, cumulative patency rate of lower limb veins, Villalta score at 2 years and 5 years, thrombosis recurrence rate and chronic venous insufficiency quality of life questionnaire were compared between the two groups.Results:The success rate of surgery was 100% in both groups, there was no mortality. There were significant differences in the short-term postoperative outcomes between the two groups in terms of total dosage of urokinase, thrombolysis time, total cost of surgery, length of hospital stay, detumescence rate, venous patency scores before and after treatment, and venous patency rate (all P<0.05). For the mid- and long-term postoperative outcomes of 2 and 5 years, there were no significant differences in the incidence of PTS, recurrence rate of thrombus, chronic venous function scale, and cumulative patency rate at 2 years (all P>0.05). Conclusions:ART+CDT has a significant advantage over CDT alone in terms of early efficacy and early reopening of blood flow in patients. Both ART+CDT and CDT have a low incidence of PTS and a low recurrence rate of thrombus in the mid-term follow-up, and both have satisfactory performance in the mid- and long-term efficacy of interventional treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs.

Objective To study the relationship between waist-to-height ratio(WHtR)and new-onset cerebral infarction in the elderly with hypertension.Methods A total of 9 096 elderly hypertensive patients were enrolled from the Kailuan study population.Using the first occurrence of cerebral infarction as the endpoint event,a prospective cohort study was performed.According to the WHtR value of the subjects with an interval of 0.05,the subjects were divided into G1 group(WHtR＜0.45),G2 group(0.45≤WHtR＜0.50),G3 group(0.50≤WHtR＜0.55),and G4 group(WHtR≥0.55).The cumulative incidence rate of endpoint event in each population were statistically analyzed using the life table method.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to explore the role of WHtR in the occurrence of new cerebral infarction.Model 1 was a single factor Cox proportional hazards analysis model,only considering the influence of WHtR on the risk of cerebral infarction.After adjusting sex,age,body weight,serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein,systolic blood pressure,serum triglycerides,smoking history,fasting blood glucose,alcohol consumption,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,diastolic blood pressure,exercise,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,educational level,antihypertensive drug history,model 2 was established to observe the influence of WHtR on the occurrence of new-onset cerebral infarction.Results The follow-up lasted(9.3±2.7)years.Compared to the G2 group,multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the hazard ratio HR(95%CI)for cerebral infarction in model 1 was 1.00(0.67～1.50),1.29(1.05～1.60)and 1.36(1.12～1.66)respectively in G1,G3 and G4;and that in model 2 was 1.09(0.72～1.65),1.24(0.99～1.54)and 1.31(1.05～1.62)respectively in G1,G3 and G4.Conclusion The risk of cerebral infarction in the elderly with hypertension is the lowest when WHtR between 0.45≤WHtR＜0.50,and WHtR greater than or equal to 0.55 is associated with an increased risk of new-onset cerebral infarction.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT).Methods:Seven cases of EVT with characteristic morphology and unequivocal diagnosis from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (6 cases), Qingdao, China and the 971 Hospital of PLA Navy (1 case), Qingdao, China between January 2010 and December 2021 were subject to morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Additionally, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in two cases. Twenty-two cases of renal oncocytoma (RO) and 17 cases of eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (eChRCC) diagnosed at the same time were used as controls.Results:Four males and three females with a mean age of 42 years (range: 29-61 years) were included in the study. The tumors were nodular and well-circumscribed, with sizes ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 cm. On cross-section, they appeared gray-red or gray-white, solid, and soft. Tumor cells were arranged in nests, solid sheets, and acinar or small vesicular structures. These cells exhibited eosinophilic cytoplasm with large, prominent clear vacuoles and round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Perinuclear halos were focally present in four cases, while small tumor cells with sparse cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei were seen in one case. No necrosis or mitosis was noted. Edematous stroma was detected in three cases. All tumors were positive for CD117 and Cathepsin K, but negative for vimentin and CK7. CK20 was positive in scattered individual cells, and Ki-67 positivity ranged from 1% to 4%. Point mutations in MTOR were identified in both patients who were subject to the molecular analysis. Statistical differences in the expression of Cathepsin K, CD10, S-100A1, and Cyclin D1 between EVT and RO ( P<0.05) were significant, so were the differences in the expression of Cathepsin K, CD10, CK7 and claudin 7 between EVT and eChRCC ( P<0.001). Seven patients were followed up for 4 to 96 months (mean, 50 months), with no recurrences or metastases. Conclusions:EVT is a rare renal tumor that shares morphological and immunophenotypic features with RO and eChRCC, and it is closely linked to the TSC/MTOR pathway. The presence of large prominent transparent vacuoles in eosinophilic cytoplasm along with conspicuous nucleoli is its key morphological characteristics. The use of combined immunohistochemical stains greatly aids in its diagnosis. Typically, the tumor exhibits indolent biological behaviors with a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To study the predictive role of tumor burden score (TBS) for tumor recurrence after radical resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Clinical data of 202 patients with HCC undergoing radical surgery at the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, between January 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including 128 males and 74 females, aged (53.66±11.93) years old. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of TBS in predicting postoperative tumor recurrence. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors influencing postoperative tumor recurrence. A nomogram was established and validated using calibration curves and the C-index. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to compare survival differences between the two patient groups.Results:The area under the ROC curve for TBS in predicting postoperative tumor recurrence in HCC patients was 0.779 (95% CI: 0.717-0.842), with an optimal cutoff value of 6.2. Univariate analysis revealed that factors such as hepatitis B virus DNA level >500 IU/ml, larger maximum tumor dia-meter, and TBS>6.2 were significant risk factors for postoperative tumor recurrence (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis further indicated that TBS>6.2 ( OR=3.60, 95% CI: 1.081-12.012, P=0.037) and maximum tumor diameter ( OR=1.240, 95% CI: 1.034-1.487, P=0.020) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram model was established, achieving a C-index of 0.788. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a better postoperative overall survival and recurrence-free survival of the low TBS group compared to those of the high TBS group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:TBS can serve as a predictive indicator for the recurrence after radical resection in patients with HCC. Both TBS and tumor size are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. The nomogram model can be used for predicting recurrence following radical resection in HCC patients.

Objective:To investigate whether prophylactic use of metal clips is necessary after cold snare polypectomy (CSP) of colorectal polyps of 6-10 mm.Methods:A total of 200 patients with 6-10 mm polyps that met the criteria of cold snare resection in Chengdu Third People's Hospital from 15 February 2022 to 30 May 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: a group that received preventive metal clip treatment and an observation group. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Boston score, endoscopy entry time, wound size, operation time, intraoperative bleeding time, postoperative delayed bleeding rate and cost between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:Ninety-eight patients in the metal clip group had 122 polyps removed, and 97 patients in the observation group had 119 polyps removed. There was no significant difference in the age, gender, BMI, Boston score, endoscopy entry time or wound size between the two groups. There were significant differences in the operation time (171.03±90.78 s VS 69.81±43.26 s, t=2.266， P=0.010), intraoperative bleeding time (19.98±17.37 s VS 29.16±17.56 s, t=-2.875， P=0.006) and surgery cost (571.63±110.92 yuan VS 366.32±13.2 yuan, t=18.102， P<0.001) between the metal clip group and the observation group. There was no significant difference in the delayed bleeding incidence［0.0%（0/98）VS 1.0%（1/97）， P=0.497］between the two groups. Conclusion:For patients with continuous bleeding time <60 seconds after CSP of 6-10 mm colonic polyps, the prophylactic use of metal clips may reduce the bleeding time, but may increase the operation time and cost. Metal clips have little effect on preventing postoperative complications.

Objective:To evaluate extrathecal vs. intrathecal approach of Glisson's pedicle in laparoscopic hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:Clinical data of 96 HCC patients receiving laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 900 Hospital of the United Logistics Force from Jan 2019 to Jun 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Thrity-six cases were treated with extrathecal approach of Glisson's pedicle and 60 cases were by intrathecal approach.All those 60 undergoing intrathecal approach cases were matched by 1∶1 propensity score matching, and the caliper value was 0.02. The duration of surgery, blocking-time of hepatoduodenal ligament, intraoperative blood loss, indexes of the liver function and the prothrombin time on the 1st day of the postoperative period, rate of the postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative survival and recurrence were compared between the two groups.Results:After propensity score matching, 32 cases in each group were identified. The operation time of the extrathecal group was shorter than that of the intrathecal group [(207.5±77.4) minutes vs. (248.6±74.7) minutes, P=0.03], the intraoperative bleeding volume was less than that of the intrathecal group [(150.0(100.0, 300.0) ml vs. 250.0(150.0, 587.5) ml, P=0.01], and the albumin level was higher on the 1st day after the surgery [(36.5±3.2) g/L vs. (34.3±3.2) g/L, P<0.01]. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative liver function, coagulation, complications, hospitalization time, all over survival rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Extrathecal approach for Glisson's pedicle is safe and feasible in laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC, with simpler surgical procedure, less intraoperative trauma.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Qiju Dihuangtang combined with Chinese medicine fumigation in the treatment of dry eye and its effect on the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in tears. MethodA total of 120 patients with dry eye of liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome who were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） from october 2019 to october 2021 were randomized into the observation group and control group. The control group was given sodium hyaluronate eye drops， and the observation group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops， Qiju Dihuangtang， and Chinese medicine fumigation. The treatment lasted 30 days for both groups. The changes of ocular surface disease index （OSDI）， TCM syndrome score， tear secretion （SIT）， tear film breaking up time （BUT）， corneal fluorescein staining （FL）， and tear interleukin-6 （IL-6） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were observed. ResultAfter the treatment， the total effective rate was 90.0% （54/60） in the observation group and 75.0% （45/60） in the control group （χ²=4.675， P<0.05）. After treatment， the OSDI score and TCM syndrome score were lower than those before treatment in both groups （P<0.05）， and lower in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the SIT and BUT were higher （P<0.05） and FL score was lower （P<0.05） than those before treatment in both groups. After treatment， the improvement of the above indicators in the observation group was better than that in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of IL-6 and MMP-9 were lower than those before treatment in both groups （P<0.05）， and lower in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionQiju Dihuangtang combined with Chinese medicine fumigation can effectively improve subjective symptoms， promote tear secretion， prolong BUT， enhance corneal epithelial repair， and reduce the levels of tear IL-6 and MMP-9 in the treatment of dry eye.

Primary lung cancer， as one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the top leading cause of cancer death worldwide， has seriously endangered human life. In China， due to regional differences， although the impact of lung cancer on different regions is different， it still has the highest mortality among malignant tumors. Western medicine often has certain limitations in the treatment of lung cancer. At present， the combination of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） or the direct application of TCM has become an inevitable trend in the treatment of lung cancer. TCM treatment is guided by the holistic view， which includes the view of integration of the five internal organs and the integration of the body and spirit. Therefore， the treatment of lung cancer in TCM emphasizes that although the disease is located in one organ， the whole body should be treated， which corresponds to the theory of the view of integration of the five internal organs. In addition to the lung in the treatment of lung cancer， the spleen and kidney should also be treated. The lung， spleen， and kidney correspond to metal， earth， and water， respectively on the five elements. According to the generation relationship of the five elements， since earth generates metal and metal generates water， earth is the mother of metal and water is the child of metal. Therefore， benefiting fire （kidney） can replenish earth. Tonifying the mother and son of the lung can treat lung diseases， reflecting mutual generation and transformation and ceaseless generation and transformation. Long-term consumption of Qi by lung cancer can affect mother-organ. In the context of disorder of child-organ affecting mother-organ， mother-organ should be tonified in the face of deficiency. The treatment principle of banking up earth to generate metal should be followed to reinforce healthy Qi and treat the root. Effulgent earth can promote the generation of metal and the syndrome of lung deficiency can be resolve. The lung and kidney deficiency is an important factor in the incidence of lung cancer. Yin deficiency for a long time can hinder the generation of water by metal， resulting in failure of water in moistening metal， so both mother organ and child organ should be tonified. The treatment principle of mutual generation between metal and water should be employed to moisten the kidney and lung， thereby facilitating the vigorous ventilation and descending of the lung. The spleen is the mother organ of the lung， and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Long-term lung cancer causes the deficiency of the mother and child organs， so the treatment principle of replenishing fire to nourish earth should be adopted to benefit the kidney and tonify the spleen. Therefore， innate basis and acquired foundation are both filled， and the lung can be regulated properly. When the lung， spleen， and kidney are harmonized， the generation and transformation of Qi and blood are active， and the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood are balanced， so the self-rehabilitation ability of the body is ensured， and the treatment of lung cancer will achieve a good curative effect. According to the holistic view of TCM， the whole body should be regulated to treat lung cancer. The lung， spleen， and kidney are all treated in the treatment of lung cancer. With the lung， spleen， and kidney as the central axis， the treatment principles of banking up earth to generate metal， replenishing fire to nourish earth， and mutual generation between metal and water should be followed in the treatment of lung cancer， and a good therapeutic effect can be achieved.

Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. It has not been isolated from natural ginseng and is mainly prepared by deglycosylation of protopanaxadiol. Compared with the traditional physicochemical preparation methods, the preparation of CK by hydrolysis with protopanaxadiol-type (PPD-type) ginsenoside hydrolases has the advantages of high specificity, environmental-friendliness, high efficiency and high stability. In this review, the PPD-type ginsenoside hydrolases were classified into three categories based on the differences in the glycosyl-linked carbon atoms of the hydrolase action. It was found that most of the hydrolases that could prepare CK were PPD-type ginsenoside hydrolase type Ⅲ. In addition, the applications of hydrolases in the preparation of CK were summarized and evaluated to facilitate large-scale preparation of CK and its development in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Hydrolases ; Sapogenins/chemistry*

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of bronchiectasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Suining area, and to provide theoretical basis for COPD prevention and treatment of bronchiectasis. Methods A total of 582 patients with ACUTE exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) admitted to grade A Hospitals in Suining area from 2019 to 2020 were selected as the investigation objects. According to whether the patients had bronchiectasis, they were divided into control group (without bronchiectasis, n=485) and observation group (with bronchiectasis, n=97). The risk factors of bronchiectasis in COPD patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, including age, sex, whether there were other diseases, respiratory tract infection, proportion of purpuric sputum, colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Of 16.84% (49/291) AECOPD patients occurred Bronchiectasis. The colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The values of FVC and FEV1/FVC in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Male (OR=2.515), high proportion of GOLD grade III/IV (OR=3.654), smoking (OR=3.472), diabetes (OR=3.829) and bacterial infection (OR=4.159) were independent risk factors for bronchiectasis in COPD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion COPD patients in Suining area have a high risk of bronchiectasis.The lung function was declined significantly.It has a high colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients who are male, have a high proportion of GOLD class III/IV, smoke, have diabetes, and have bacterial infections should be given interventions that can reduce the risk of bronchiectasis in COPD patients.