Objective:To investigate the Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of Tibetan families and individuals in the Western Sichuan Plateau region and explore the related factors which affected H. pylori infection. Methods:This was a single-center cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were collected from 50 Tibetan families including 155 individuals in Western Sichuan Plateau region during March to May 2023. The 13C-urea breath test was performed to confirm the current infection status of participants. Binary logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors associated with H. pylori infection. Results:Among the 50 Tibetan households, the individual-based H. pylori infection rate was 47.10%(73/155), with two out of nine children and 48.63%(71/146) adults infected. The age group of 18 to 40 years had the highest infection rate (55.00%, 11/20). The prevalence of infection based on family was 80.00%(40/50), of which 16.00%(8/50) had all family members infected. Of the 59 couples surveyed, 23.73%(14/59) were both infected, and 45.76%(27/59) had one person infected. Of the six families which had children and adolescents, two households had their children infected. Logistic regression analysis showed that size of the family was a factor related to H. pylori infection (odds ratio=3.038, 95% confidence interval 1.043 to 10.491, P=0.042). Conclusions:The family-based H. pylori infection rate is relatively high in Tibetan residents in the Western Sichuan Plateau, and larger family size is related with higher risk of H. pylori infection within the family.

Bt Cry toxin is the mostly studied and widely used biological insect resistance protein, which plays a leading role in the green control of agricultural pests worldwide. However, with the wide application of its preparations and transgenic insecticidal crops, the resistance to target pests and potential ecological risks induced by the drive are increasingly prominent and attracting much attention. The researchers seek to explore new insecticidal protein materials that can simulate the insecticidal function of Bt Cry toxin. This will help to escort the sustainable and healthy production of crops, and relieve the pressure of target pests' resistance to Bt Cry toxin to a certain extent. In recent years, the author's team has proposed that Ab2β anti-idiotype antibody has the property of mimicking antigen structure and function based on the "Immune network theory" of antibody. With the help of phage display antibody library and specific antibody high-throughput screening and identification technology, Bt Cry toxin antibody was designed as the coating target antigen, and a series of Ab2β anti-idiotype antibodies (namely Bt Cry toxin insecticidal mimics) were screened from the phage antibody library. Among them, the lethality of Bt Cry toxin insecticidal mimics with the strongest activity was close to 80% of the corresponding original Bt Cry toxin, showing great promise for the targeted design of Bt Cry toxin insecticidal mimics. This paper systematically summarized the theoretical basis, technical conditions, research status, and discussed the development trend of relevant technologies and how to promote the application of existing achievements, aiming to facilitate the research and development of green insect-resistant materials.
Insecticides/metabolism* ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; Endotoxins/pharmacology* ; Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins/metabolism* ; Hemolysin Proteins/pharmacology* ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Pest Control, Biological

ObjectiveTo understand the health information needs of chronic disease inpatients and the current utilization of community health resources， and to analyze the influencing factors， so as to provide basis for personalized and high-quality health education for chronic disease inpatients and to guide them to make full use of community health resources. MethodsFrom November 2020 to February 2021， we conducted a face-to-face multi-center clinical epidemiological survey with paper questionnaire in three general hospitals of Shanghai. The study included 404 inpatients with diabetes， hypertension， coronary heart disease， chronic respiratory diseases， cancer and other chronic diseases. Results94.01% of the 404 respondents had different needs for disease or health related information， and there was no significant difference between patients of different ages， genders and educational backgrounds in their needs for health knowledge. Among these patients， only 39.11% of them participated in the establishment of a card for chronic disease management in the community or signed for a family doctor. The participation rate of male patients was lower than that of female patients （P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with chronic diseases have a high demand for health related information， and we need to provide health information in multiple ways. We should increase investment in community health resources， improve service quality， and guide residents with chronic diseases to make full use of community health resources.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.

Objective To study the endogenous glucocorticoid on rat femoral head microenvironment of 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression ,and to discuss the influence of combined with femoral head pathological changes of the corresponding mechanism .Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into control group ,1‐month group ,3‐months group ,each 20 rats in group .1‐month group and 3‐months group inject cortisone acetate in the abdominal cavity intraperitoneal for 1‐month or 3‐months each .Im‐munohistochemical ,immunofluorescence ,Real‐time qPCR ,HE staining were employed in this study .Results From immunohisto‐chemical ,immunofluorescence ,Real‐time qPCR ,the 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase content of 1‐month group and 3‐months group were higher than that of the control group(P<0 .05) .From HE staining we detected 1‐month group in the bone marrow cavity in‐creased in fat cells ,3‐months group subchondral trabecular bone density decreased ,compared with the control group(P< 0 .05) . Conclusion Supplement of corticosterone could promote rat femoral head microenvironment 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ex‐pression and subchondral trabecular bone density decrease .

OBJECTIVE:To explore how to establish good procedure,system and mode of drug management,dispensing and application,in order to provide reference for risk management and rational use of rabies vaccine. METHODS:The use of rabies vaccine and storage temperature monitoring in our hospital during 2013-2014 were analyzed statistically,and risk management and use of rabies vaccine in our hospital were analyzed,and management measures and attentions were put forward. RESULTS:The amount of vaccinum rabiel (Vero cell) and human rabies immunoglobulin in our hospital were increased in 2014,compared to 2013. The position labeled with #1 in storehouse and that of labeled with #1 and #2 in dispensing store could meet the storage condi-tion of rabies vaccine. Risk management could be carried out in fields of drug requisition,cold chain management,drug manage-ment and drug dispensing. ADR should be paid attention. CONCLUSIONS:It is of significance to develop risk management and ra-tional medication guidance of rabies vaccine.

Objective:To analyze the adverse drug reactions(ADR)and clinical application of thalidomide to provide useful reference for rational medication in clinics. Methods:The case reports and literatures from foreign countries on the clinical medication of thalidomide were analyzed and summarized. Results:The ADR of thalidomide included gastrointestinal reaction, hematotoxicity,cadiovascular toxicity,neurotoxicity,skin lesion,pulmonary embolism and so on. Its new medication methods were widely used in clinics. Conclusion:Clinicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to the medication risks and rational use of thalidomide in order to assure the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use.

This article reviewed the researches proceeding on the contamination and detection of the foodborne pathogen noroviruses (NoVs) in fresh produce, which involved the NoVs contaminations in fresh produce, the special attachment of NoVs in fresh produce, the NoVs outbreaks associated with fresh produce and the NoVs detection in fresh produce. There had been an increase in reported infectious disease risks associated with the consumptions of fresh produce for recent 30 years. Because the NoVs, as a primary cause of viral gastroenteritis thoughout the world, were highly contagious, had a low infectious dose, and were persistent in the environment. And also the methods for NoVs detection in food had significantly developed over the last 15 years. Currently NoVs were the most common pathogen accounting for 40% of outbreaks associated with fresh produce (i. e., fruits and vegetables). Data from outbreaks investigations verified fresh produce as the high risk food products for NoVs. The fresh produce were typically eaten raw with no thermal processing, can be contaminated at any step during production and processing from faecally polluted water and fertilizers, the poor hygiene practices by food handlers and the cross-contamination. The attachment of NoVs to the fresh produce was due to the physio-chemical factors of virus protein coat, the special attachment to different fresh produce, and the possibility for internalization of NoVs. It might provide answers to why those high risk foods were more frequently implicated (i. e., lettuce and raspberries). According to the data of foodborne NoVs outbreaks which were associated with fresh produce from EU countries and the USA, the outbreaks in EU countries were mainly associated with NoVs contaminated raspberries and lettuce, while in USA which were associated with NoVs contaminated lettuce. Unfortunately, there were no NoVs detection methods for fresh produce or the data of foodborne NoVs outbreaks which were associated with fresh produce in China. That made it difficult to analyze the NoVs contamination situation in China. The heterogeneous distributions of presumably low levels of virus, which presented in contaminated fresh produce, also made it difficult to detect NoVs. To solve this problem, different sampling methods, viral elution methods and RT-qPCR methods were chosen. For example, according to the isoelectric point of NoVs particles, high pH and high ionic strength solution could be used as means for releasing NoVs. For the elution from acidic fruit, the buffer capacity and the virus recovery could be increased by the addition of tris-HCl. When analyzing pectin containing raspberries or strawberries, the viral elution usually incubated with pectinase at neutral pH to avoid from foaming jelly. In this paper, the latest ISO standard for NoV detection in food and the new approaches for NoV detection were also reviewed to provide references for domestic researches. It was necessary to establish and develop domestic methods for NoV detection in fresh produce, especially the different NoV conventional molecular detection methods with corresponding NoV extraction methods, which targeted to the different adsorption characteristics of different fruits and vegetables, in order to strengthen the national food safety monitoring.
Food Analysis ; methods ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Foodborne Diseases ; virology ; Fruit ; virology ; Gastroenteritis ; virology ; Humans ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Vegetables ; virology

The objective of this study is to generate broad spectrum monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) against a group of pyrethroid insecticides and to identify its immunological characteristics. The generic hapten 3-phenoxy-benzoic acid ( PBA) was conjugated to carrier protein BSA by activated ester method. Balb/c mice were immunized with PBA-BSA. The titer of polyclonal antibody ( pAb ) was detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) after five times immunization. The mouse with high titer and sensitivity was selected for cell fusing. The splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with Sp2/0 cells and the cultural supernatants of hybridoma cells were screened by indirect non-competitive ELISA based on the coating antigen PBA-ovoalbumin ( PBA-OVA ) . High-sensitivity and high-specificity mAb was prepared after subcloning using limiting dilution method. Purified mAb was obtained after purified by saturated ammonia sulfate precipitation and protein G affinity column. The immunological characteristics of mAb such as titer, antibody subtypes, affinity constant and the sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides were characterized by indirect ELISA; The results of UV spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE showed that PBA-BSA artificial antigen was synthesized successfully. A hybridoma cell line (4H11) secreting anti-pyrethroid mAb was established. The titre of ascites was up to 1:6. 5×106, and the mAb was IgG1 subtype. The affinity constant of the mAb to PBA was about 2. 5×107 L/mol, with a IC50 value of 208. 83 μg/L and a detection limit of 21. 23 μg/L to PBA. Simultaneously, beta-cypermethrin, flucythrinate, cypermethrin and fenvalerate were sensitively recognized by the mAb with the IC50 of 1. 01, 2. 15, 3. 16 and 3. 67μg/L, respectively.

Objective To discusses the methods of the case selection and monitoring and diagnosis and treatment to selective non-operative management of closed splenic injuries .Methods The clinical data and results of 98 cases from October 1999 to Octo-ber 2011 with closed splenic injuries managed non-operative treatment were analyzed retrospectively .Results There were 90 cases (91 .8% ) conservative successfully ,5 cases(5 .1% ) transit operation because hematoma increase and bleeding continuously during therapeutic observation and 2 cases(3 .1% ) died from multiple injuries merge infection and multiple organ failure .Conclusion Most of the closed splenic injuries below level Ⅱcan be treated by non-operative management ,the effect and prognosis determined by the reasonable case selection and monitoring conditions and diagnosis and treatment .