As the most common endocrine malignant tumor,the incidence rate of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year.However,the vast majority of subtypes have a good prognosis after traditional surgery,TSH suppression therapy and 131I treatment.With the progressive development of modern medicine,for a few thyroid cancers with poor effects of traditional treatment,molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy have further enriched the therapeutic means of thyroid cancer,in which BRAF mutation is widely present in thyroid cancer,but it often shows primary resistance or poor response to 131I therapy.The factors leading to primary or secondary resistance to targeted drugs with BRAF mutation may include genomic instability,expansion of resistant clones,occurrence of intrinsic mutations,or novel genetic and epigenetic alterations.In this article,we will review the research progress in targeted therapy resistance in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer.

With the increasing global prevalence of tree pollen allergies, there has been a significant impact on the quality of life for populations. In North and Central China, birch pollen, cypress pollen, and plane tree pollen are the most common allergens for springtime pollen allergy sufferers. The distribution of plants and patterns of pollen transmission in different geographical areas result in varying pollen exposure outcomes, further complicating the challenges in diagnosis and individualized treatment. This article delves into the research progress and clinical application of tree pollen allergies based on the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0 (MAUG 2.0) " published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). It discusses major allergen families and component proteins of tree pollen such as PR-10 proteins, profilins, polcalcins, as well as cross-reactive components that may cause pollen-food allergy syndrome. Allergen component diagnostics can distinguish true allergy sufferers from those with multiple allergen reactions, enabling more targeted selection of allergens for specific immunotherapy, thus enhancing treatment effectiveness. Bet v 1 and Cup a 1, for instance, are specific indicators for immunotherapy in birch and cypress allergy patients. Overall, this article provides cutting-edge information for professionals in the field of tree pollen allergies, offering in-depth exploration of tree pollen allergen component proteins, clinical manifestations, and treatment-related research, aiding in better understanding and addressing the challenges of tree pollen allergies.

Grasses are extensively cultivated worldwide, with the three most common allergenic grass pollen subfamilies being Pooideae in temperate regions, Chloridoideae and Panicoideae in subtropical areas. This article delves into the research progress and clinical applications of grass pollen allergy as delineated in the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0" issued by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). It compiles epidemiological data on grass pollen, allergenic components, clinical manifestations, and treatment guidelines from both domestic and international sources, providing cutting-edge insights and scientific perspectives for professionals in the field of pollen allergy. The aim is to enhance the understanding of allergenic components, distinguishing between grass pollen allergy and pan-allergen responses with precision through advanced component-resolved diagnostic techniques. This serves to foster novel approaches to characterizing the unique sensitization patterns of grass pollen allergens in China, thereby offering more personalized and targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for clinical practice in the region.

This article interprets the research progress and clinical applications of weed pollen allergen components as outlined in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0. The significance of this interpretation lies not only in emphasizing the analysis of patients′ sensitization patterns through advanced allergen component resolved diagnostics (CRD) but also in providing new research perspectives for exploring the unique features of weed pollen allergy in China. The complexity and diversity of weed pollen allergy, including its distribution and prevalence in different geographical regions, the characteristics of allergen component protein families, and their clinical significance, all require in-depth investigation. This interpretation aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of allergen components in weed pollen allergy among relevant professionals, with the expectation of achieving outstanding progress in diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to develop more personalized and precise treatment strategies for patients with weed pollen allergy and those reacting to pan-allergens.

Cockroaches are one of the most common indoor allergens worldwide, and exposure to cockroach allergens (such as the insect body, debris, and secretions) can trigger severe allergic rhinitis and(or) asthma. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) has identified 32 allergenic components in cockroaches, but none of these allergens have shown a clear immunodominance. The sensitization rate to cockroach allergens shows significant variability across different regions and populations and exhibits cross-reactivity with various invertebrates, increasing the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article delves into the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0"(MAUG 2.0) published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the research progress on cockroach allergies both domestically and internationally. It elucidates the crucial role of allergen component diagnostic technology in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of cockroach-induced allergic diseases, efficiently assisting clinicians in identifying common sensitizations and cross-reactivities, thereby offering patients more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans.

With the increasing global prevalence of tree pollen allergies, there has been a significant impact on the quality of life for populations. In North and Central China, birch pollen, cypress pollen, and plane tree pollen are the most common allergens for springtime pollen allergy sufferers. The distribution of plants and patterns of pollen transmission in different geographical areas result in varying pollen exposure outcomes, further complicating the challenges in diagnosis and individualized treatment. This article delves into the research progress and clinical application of tree pollen allergies based on the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0 (MAUG 2.0) " published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). It discusses major allergen families and component proteins of tree pollen such as PR-10 proteins, profilins, polcalcins, as well as cross-reactive components that may cause pollen-food allergy syndrome. Allergen component diagnostics can distinguish true allergy sufferers from those with multiple allergen reactions, enabling more targeted selection of allergens for specific immunotherapy, thus enhancing treatment effectiveness. Bet v 1 and Cup a 1, for instance, are specific indicators for immunotherapy in birch and cypress allergy patients. Overall, this article provides cutting-edge information for professionals in the field of tree pollen allergies, offering in-depth exploration of tree pollen allergen component proteins, clinical manifestations, and treatment-related research, aiding in better understanding and addressing the challenges of tree pollen allergies.

Grasses are extensively cultivated worldwide, with the three most common allergenic grass pollen subfamilies being Pooideae in temperate regions, Chloridoideae and Panicoideae in subtropical areas. This article delves into the research progress and clinical applications of grass pollen allergy as delineated in the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0" issued by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). It compiles epidemiological data on grass pollen, allergenic components, clinical manifestations, and treatment guidelines from both domestic and international sources, providing cutting-edge insights and scientific perspectives for professionals in the field of pollen allergy. The aim is to enhance the understanding of allergenic components, distinguishing between grass pollen allergy and pan-allergen responses with precision through advanced component-resolved diagnostic techniques. This serves to foster novel approaches to characterizing the unique sensitization patterns of grass pollen allergens in China, thereby offering more personalized and targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for clinical practice in the region.

This article interprets the research progress and clinical applications of weed pollen allergen components as outlined in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0. The significance of this interpretation lies not only in emphasizing the analysis of patients′ sensitization patterns through advanced allergen component resolved diagnostics (CRD) but also in providing new research perspectives for exploring the unique features of weed pollen allergy in China. The complexity and diversity of weed pollen allergy, including its distribution and prevalence in different geographical regions, the characteristics of allergen component protein families, and their clinical significance, all require in-depth investigation. This interpretation aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of allergen components in weed pollen allergy among relevant professionals, with the expectation of achieving outstanding progress in diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to develop more personalized and precise treatment strategies for patients with weed pollen allergy and those reacting to pan-allergens.

Cockroaches are one of the most common indoor allergens worldwide, and exposure to cockroach allergens (such as the insect body, debris, and secretions) can trigger severe allergic rhinitis and(or) asthma. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) has identified 32 allergenic components in cockroaches, but none of these allergens have shown a clear immunodominance. The sensitization rate to cockroach allergens shows significant variability across different regions and populations and exhibits cross-reactivity with various invertebrates, increasing the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article delves into the "Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0"(MAUG 2.0) published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the research progress on cockroach allergies both domestically and internationally. It elucidates the crucial role of allergen component diagnostic technology in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of cockroach-induced allergic diseases, efficiently assisting clinicians in identifying common sensitizations and cross-reactivities, thereby offering patients more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans.

Objective:To evaluate postoperative calcitonin level as a prognostic marker in long-term follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC).Methods:Clinical data of 146 MTC cases treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The relationship between postoperative calcitonin and disease-free survival was analyzed. According to the level of calcitonin six months after operation, patients were divided into normal level group and elevated group.Results:The median tumor size in those 146 cases was (1.78±1.22)cm, and 81 cases had lymph node metastasis. After 6 months of follow-up, 89 cases had normal calcitonin, with median tumor size of (1.63±1.20)cm, and 35 cases had lymph node metastasis . After a median follow-up of 56 months, 78 patients had normal calcitonin, 11 patients had biochemical relapse, 3 patients had structural relapse, and no patients died. 57 cases had a higher calcitonin ,median tumor size (1.97±1.22)cm, 46 cases had lymph node metastasis, 5 cases had distant metastasis, 18 cases had structural recurrence, and 7 patients died. Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, preoperative calcitonin, lymph node dissection and postoperative calcitonin were correlated with long-term disease-free survival (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative calcitonin and TNM stage were an independent prognosis factor for disease-free survival in MTC patients (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Postoperative calcitonin is a independent prognostic marker for long-term disease-free survival in MTC patients.