BACKGROUND:M2 macrophages have the function of reducing inflammatory factors and promoting tissue healing.Therefore,how to regulate M2 polarization of macrophages has been a hot research topic in recent years,and some miRNAs have been found to have this function. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of miR-378a on the polarization of the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line. METHODS:The M1 polarization of macrophages was induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ.Interleukin-4 induced M2 polarization and the expression of endogenous miR-378a in each cell type was detected using qRT-PCR to verify whether miR-378a was involved in the polarization of macrophages.By transfection with lentivirus as the vector of overexpression of miR-378a,the stable expression of miR-378a cell lines was screened.Macrophage M1 polarization was induced synergically by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ.Macrophage M2 polarization was induced by interleukin-4.The levels of M1/M2 polarization-related cytokines in the supernatant of the macrophage culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.qRT-PCR was used to detect the polarization characteristics of M1/M2-type macrophages and the mRNA expression levels of related cytokines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The expression level of endogenous miR-378a in Raw264.7 cells of each group increased after macrophage polarization.(2)Compared with the non-transfected group,the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in macrophage M1 induced polarization were significantly decreased in the miR-378a transfection group(P<0.05);the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in cell supernatant were also significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the non-transfected group,the expressions of CD206,interleukin-10 and arginase-I in macrophage M2 induced polarization were significantly increased(P<0.05);the levels of CD206 and interleukin-10 in cell supernatant were also significantly increased(P<0.05)in the miR-378a transfection group.(4)It is indicated that overexpression of miR-378a promotes the M2 polarization of macrophages and inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages.

Objective: To investigate the effects of over expression and low expression of antisense transcripts of circular RNA cerebellar degeneration associated protein 1 (CDR1as) in Balb/C mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on factors related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods: BMSCs were cultured and identified in vitro. The lentiviral (LV) vector containing the overexpressed and silenced circRNA CDR1as genes and the control lentivirus were respectively transfected into mouse BMSCs, and stable cell lines were screened. The cells were divided into the circRNACDR1as over expression group and the over expression control group, and the CircRNACDR1as low expression group and the low expression control group. The components were stained with Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase after 14 and 21 days of osteoinduction; qRT-PCR was used to detect the target genes circRNA CDR1as, osteogenic differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt- related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), osterix(Osx), collagen I (COL-1), and the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial grown factor (VEGF) and angiogenin-1 (Ang-1). Results: The results of alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining showed that the extracellular matrix calcium precipitation and ALP staining area of the over expression experimental group was greater than its control group, and those of the low expression experimental group was less than its control group. As the number of days of osteogenic induction increased, the calcium precipitation and ALP staining in each group also increased. RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of circRNA CDR1as, ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN, OSX, COL-1, VEGF and Ang-1 in the over expression experimental group BMSCs were significantly increased (P<0.001). In the low expression experimental group, the mRNA expression levels of circRNA CDR1as, ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN, OSX, COL-1, VEGF and Ang-1 in BMSCs were significantly reduced (P<0.001). Conclusion Over expression of the circRNA CDR1as gene promotes the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of BMSCs. Low expression of the circRNA CDR1as gene inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of BMSCs.

Objective To understand the integrated ability of parasitic disease prevention and control of professional person-nel of Jiangsu Province through the contest. Methods Totally 56 players from the whole province were selected,and all the players participated in the contest. The theory knowledge and skill scores were collected and the statistical analyses were con-ducted. Results The average theoretical score of the participants was 88.86±15.56 and the passing rate was 91.1％. The aver-age skill operating score was 69.16 ± 16.01 and the passing rate was 67.9％. The average Plasmodium microscopy score was 16.54±8.09 and the passing rate was 50％. The average helminth egg microscopy score was 34.27±10.66 and the passing rate was 67.9％. There were statistical differences among the age groups and different levels of schistosomiasis endemic situation (F =5.10,6.39,both P<0.01). The theoretical knowledge including schistosomiasis,malaria,hydatid disease and others and the score rates were 91.07％,90.94％,85.83％and 90.93％,respectively. The hydatid disease score rate was lower(χ2=19.17, P<0.01). The radar chart displayed that the score rates of tabletting and microscopy test in Kato-Katz film production ,malaria blood film production and microscopy test were all low. Conclusion In Jiangsu Province,the participants have higher score in the theory test. However,they have lower skill test score,especially in the parasite species identification. The operational skills still need to be strengthened for center for disease control(CDC)participants.

BACKGROUND:With the promotion of 3D printing technology, 3D printing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering have become the new ideas for jaw bone repair. OBJECTIVE:To compare the physical and biological properties of sheep vertebral bone meal/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffold, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/PVA scaffold, and sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate. METHODS:3D printing technology was used to print sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold, nHA/PVA scaffold, and sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate. Porosity, morphology, water absorption rate and mechanical properties of different scaffolds were detected. Three kinds of scaffolds were al used to culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, and cel proliferation ability was detected using cel counting kit-8 at 1, 4, 7 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under scanning electron microscope, the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and nHA/PVA scaffold exhibited regular and interconnected pores with good continuity and clear network structure;the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate had no obvious pores;however, it had dense and evenly distributed micropores with different sizes on its surface. The porosity of nHA/PVA scaffold was lower than that of the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold (P<0.05). The water absorption rate was highest for the nHA/PVA scaffold fol owed by the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate (P<0.05). In contrast, the scaffold toughness was highest for the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA nonporous bone plate, fol owed by the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold and nHA/PVA scaffold. In addition, the cel proliferation activity of cel s cultured on the sheep vertebral bone meal/PVA scaffold was significantly higher than that cultured on the other two kinds of scaffolds. Taken together, the 3D printing sheep vertebral bone/PVA scaffold has good physical and chemical performance.

Licorice is a commonly and widely used herb, it has extensive sources. So the researches on licorice quality differences between different sources have significant meaning. This paper has reviewed the studies on licorice quality differences between different sources. Including different plant sources, habitats, variation types,production modes and cultivation conditions. It finds that there are significant differences between licorices from different sources, the quality of Licorice medicinal material is uneven.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Soil ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathologic changes of ethmoid bone and its correlation with clinical types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHOD: All ethmoid bones and mucosa from 180 patients with CRS after endoscopic sinus surgery were collected for histopathologic detection with HE staining. The number and the rate of cases were counted according to different histopathologic types. To analyze the correlation between ethmoid bones and clinical types of CRS, mucosal pathologic change, the CT-scanning types of sinusitis, the course of disease as well as operational history. RESULT: The ethmoid bone of all patients had varying degrees of histopathologic changes. There were 5 cases (2.78%) in stage I, 38 cases (21.11%) in stage II, 71 cases (39.44%) in stage III, and 66 cases (36.67%) in stage NIV. The histopathologic changes of ethmoid bone varied in different clinical types. In type I, there were 5 cases (8.33%) in stage I, 33 cases (55.00%) in stage II, 15 cases (25.00%) in stage III, and 7 cases (11.67%) in stage NV. In type I, there were 5 cases (8.33%) in stage II, 37 cases (61.67%) in stage mI, and 18 cases (30.00%) in stage NV. In type III, there were 19 cases (31.67%) in stage III, and 41 cases (68.33%) in stage NV. All histopathologic changes of ethmoid bone were statistically correlated (P < 0.01) with clinical types of CRS, pathologic mucosal change, the CT-scanning types of sinusitis, the course of disease as well as operational history. CONCLUSION Almost all patients with CRS manifest different-degrees of histopathologic changes, which are correlated with the clinical types of CRS, pathologic mucosal change, the CT-scanning types, the course of disease as well as operational history.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Ethmoid Bone ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography ; Sinusitis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R) in nasal polyps and its relationship with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: The mRNA and protein expression of IGF-1R in 40 cases (20 cases with allergic rhinitis and 20 cases without) nasal polyps tissue (the CRSWNP group) and 20 middle turbinate tissue samples (the control group) were examined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: The positive staining rate of IGF-1R protein of nasal polyps tissue is 70.8% and that of control is 12.3%, the expression of IGF-1R mRNA of nasal polyp is 0.748 +/- 0.111,which is significant higher than that of the control group is 0.107 +/- 0.208 (P < 0.01). No significant difference of the expression of IGF-1R mRNA between with and without allergic rhinitis cases and between with and without endoscopy sinus surgery history cases in the CRSWNP group. CONCLUSION The overexpression of IGF-1R maybe play important roles in the formation of nasal polyp. Hypersensitivity reaction type I mediated by IgE has no contribution to the overexpression of the IGF-1R.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship between Livin and Ki-67 proteins, and the expres-sion and clinical significance of Livin and Ki-67 proteins in cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Fifty-five samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue were collected in Shengjing Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. The expres-sion of Livin and Ki-67 proteins in the 55 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue and 12 samples of chronic cholan-gitis tissue were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The relationship between the expression of Livin and Ki-67 proteins and the clinicopathological parameters of cholangiocarcinoma was analyzed. The results were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation coefficient, chi-square test and t test. Results The positive expression rate of Livin protein in cholangiocarcinoma was 71% (39/55), which was significantly higher than 0 (0/12)in chronic cholan-girls tissue (χ2=20.361, P<0.01). The expression of Livin protein was influenced by the differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma and the lymph node metastasis (χ2=4.193, 4.245, P <0.05). The positive expression rate of Ki-67 protein was 96% (53/55) in cholangiocarcinoma. The label index of Ki-67 in patients in clinical stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,were 22%±16%, 33%±12%, 43%±15%, and 49%±10%, respectively. There was signifi-cant difference in the label index of Ki-67 between patients in clinical stage Ⅰ and those in clinical stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ(t=2.307, 2.871, 3.957, P<0.05). The label index of Ki-67 was 43%±13 % in patients with local lymph node metastasis, and 34%±16% in patients without local lymph node metastasis, with statistical difference between the 2 groups (t=2.334, P<0.05). The expression of Livin protein in cholangiocarcinoma was positively correlated with the label index of Ki-67 (r=0.502, P<0.01). Conclusions Livin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of eholangiocarcinoma, and it also has correlation with the proliferating activity of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Combined detection of the expression of Livin and Ki-67 proteins may be helpful in judging the malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma and determining the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the skin prick test and clinical characteristics in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP).METHODS Sixty cases with CRSwNP and 40 control samples underwent skin prick test with standardized allergens provided by AllergoPhamar Company,the results and their clinical characteristics are analyzed.RESULTS The positive rate of skin prick test was 81.7% and 17.5% in CRSwNP group and control group respectively(?2 =40.104,?

Functional electrical stimulation(FES) offers a vast potential for partial restoration of parlayzed movements. This three part article will review the basic concepts,system design and applications of FES. In part I,concepts such as activation threshold, recruitment order are discussed. Part Ⅱ introduces stimulation waveforme,safe parameters and tissue damage,as well as the design principle of stimulators for use with percutaneous electrodes. Part Ⅲ outlines clinical applications of FES,in particular,for restoration of hand grasp function for C5/C6 patients.