OBJECTIVE:This paper collects relevant literature on blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training,and analyzes the different effects of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training on athletes'muscle-related indexes and specialized abilities in accordance with the paradigm of systematic evaluation and Meta-analysis,aiming to provide data support for athletes to utilize blood flow restriction training in their training practices. METHODS:Chinese and foreign databases(CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,Web of Science,SPORTDiscus)were searched to collect randomized controlled trials on the effects of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training on limb circumference,muscle mass,muscle strength,and specialized ability of college athletes from January 1st,2000 to October 12th,2023.At least two researchers evaluated the quality of the included literature using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tools and criteria.Heterogeneity tests,data merging,subgroup analyses,forest plotting,and sensitivity analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4,and funnel plots with publication bias evaluation and sensitivity analyses were performed.The evaluation indexes were limb circumference,muscle thickness,muscle strength and specialized ability,and subgroup analyses were performed for different specialized athletic abilities. RESULTS:(1)A total of 18 randomized controlled trials with 403 subjects were included,and according to the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool,the quality of literature in the included literature was grade A in 16 articles and grade B in 2 articles.(2)Comparing the effects of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training and resistance training,there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of limb circumference[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.03,95%confidence interval:-0.16-0.21,P=0.78],and a significant difference between the two groups in terms of muscle thickness(SMD=0.14,95%CI:0.01-0.27,P=0.03)and muscle strength(SMD=0.37,95%CI:0.14-0.60,P=0.001).(3)Subgroup analyses of the indicators of specialized capacity indicated that there was high heterogeneity in the analyzed results of distance metrics(I2=73%)and time metrics(I2=55%),which was analyzed as a possible reason due to the differences in testing methods and assessment of metrics'significance in the studies;there was no heterogeneity(I2=0%)in the analyzed results of power metrics;blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training had a significant effect on distance metrics(P<0.01).(4)The results of the combined effect showed the effect of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training vs.resistance training for specialized ability(P=0.41),suggesting that there is no significant effect of different training methods on specialized ability. CONCLUSION:Both blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training and resistance training can promote muscle thickness,muscle strength and specialized ability in college athletes.Meanwhile,blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training has a more significant effect on muscle thickness,muscle strength and some specialized abilities compared with resistance training.Therefore,blood flow restriction training can be scientifically and rationally integrated into specialized training,so as to achieve a better training effect by integrating the differentiated physiological stimuli to the muscles.However,due to the small number of included studies and other possible limitations,more high-quality,multi-sport type and sex randomized trials need to be included in the future to confirm this.

Objective:To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) carbapenemase gene based on recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-CRISPR-Cas13a (CRISPR-Cas13a) technology. Methods:Twenty-five clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and five carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) strains preserved in 2020-2021 in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital were randomly collected, and the total DNA samples of the strains was extracted. RAA primers specific for KPC DNA and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) were designed to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of KPC carbapenemase gene based on RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a technology. The method was evaluated by plasmids and clinical sample strains, and the detection was also performed by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method to compare the detection rate and consistency of the two methods. Results:The RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method can detect KPC plasmids and samples with a sensitivity of 1 copy/μl, which is higher than that of qPCR (10 1 copies/μl). Among the 30 clinical strains (including 25 CRKP strains and 5 CSKP strains), 23 strains were detected to carry KPC gene by both RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method and qPCR method, and 7 strains were not detected with KPC gene. The detection rate of KPC gene in the 25 CRKP strains was 92% (23/25). The positive coincidence rate of the two methods was 100% (23/23). Conclusions:This study combined RAA amplification technology with CRISPR-Cas13a technology to establish a rapid and accurate method for detecting KPC carbapenemase gene. The method is useful for accurate screening of KPC carbapenemase-producing strains. It has a wide application prospect in drug resistance monitoring and infection control.

Endo-periodontal lesions(EPLs)involve both the periodontium and pulp tissue and have complicated etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms,including unique anatomical and microbiological characteristics and multiple contributing factors.This etiological complexity leads to difficulties in determining patient prognosis,posing great challenges in clinical practice.Furthermore,EPL-affected teeth require multidisciplinary therapy,including periodontal therapy,endodontic therapy and others,but there is still much debate about the appropriate timing of periodontal therapy and root canal therapy.By compiling the most recent findings on the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of EPL-affected teeth,this consensus sought to support clinicians in making the best possible treatment decisions based on both biological and clinical evidence.

Objective:To investigate the dosimetric effects of prone immobilization devices combined with a belly board (PIDBBs) in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for gynecologic cancers.Methods:A total of 20 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer treated with radiotherapy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Two sets of body contours were outlined for each patient. One set of body contours did not contain the immobilization devices, and the other contour set included the immobilization devices. For each patient, doses were calculated for the two sets of contours using the same 7-field IMRT plan and were recorded as Plan without and Plan with. The dosimetric difference caused by the immobilization devices was assessed by comparing the parameter values in the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and by plan subtraction. The Gafchromic EBT3 film and anthropomorphic phantom were used to verify the calculated doses. Results:The target coverage and average dose of Plan with were lower than those of Plan without. Specifically, the V50 Gy, V49 Gy, and Dmean of planning target volume (PTV) decreased by 19.75%, 7.99%, and 2.54% ( t = 8.96, 10.49, 22.09, P < 0.01), respectively. The V40 Gy, V30 Gy, V20 Gy, V15 Gy, and Dmean of skins increased by 51.79%, 51.05%, 45.72%, 33.63% and 10.80% ( t = -2.54, -5.63, -15.57, -24.06, -13.88, P < 0.01), respectively. Doses to other organs at risk (OARs) showed no significant differences. As indicated by the EBT3 measurements, the doses to skins of the abdomen and pelvis on the anthropomorphic phantom increased by approximately 37.24% ( t = 10.86, P<0.01). Conclusions:Although PIDBBs can effectively reduce the low dose to the small intestine, the radiation attenuation caused by them can reduce the PTV coverage of radiotherapy plans and increase the doses to abdominal and pelvic skins sharply, especially for patients requiring irradiation of the groin and perineum.

Objective: To investigate the effects of endurance running at different intensities on self-control of sedentary university students, and to reveal the immediate and sustained effects of exercise on cognitive control. Methods: Ninety students with sedentary behaviors from 7 universities in a university city in Shandong Province were selected by cluster stratified random sampling. 21, 23, 21 and 25 students in the high, medium and low intensity groups and the blank control group completed the 30min endurance running exercise, combined with the willingness of the subjects. The Stroop test was conducted immediately after exercise, 5, 15 and 30 min after exercise, and the correct rate and response time of the Stroop test were used as two indicators of self-control. Results: In the immediate post-exercise period, the correct response time for the control group ( 774.03 ±127.85)ms], the high-intensity group [(745.37±109.59)ms], the moderate-intensity group [(627.90±129.18)ms] and the low-intensity group [(689.90±129.79)ms] were statistically significant ( F =6.27, P <0.05). The correct rate for the control group [(94.40±2.02)%], the low-intensity group [(95.38±1.96)%], the high-intensity group [(92.43±2.32)%] and the moderate-intensity group [(96.39±1.08)%] were statistically significant ( F =14.87, P <0.05). High-intensity endurance running exercise was able to achieve the best performance at 30 min and beyond on the Stroop test response and correctness ( P <0.05), while moderate-intensity endurance running had a better effect on improving self-control than low-intensity endurance running at 30 min post-exercise. Conclusion High and moderate-intensity endurance running exercises can effectively improve self-control in sedentary university students. It is recommended that moderate or high intensity endurance running be performed as the body can tolerate it to improve self-control and cognitive ability.

Objective:To investigate the expression and role of asparte-specific cysteine protease (Caspase)-1, inflammasomes key molecule, in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases.Methods:HBV-related liver disease patients' serum (438 cases) and liver tissue (82 cases) samples were collected from Beijing You'an Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University. The mRNA expression level of caspase-1 in liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein expression level of Caspase-1 in liver tissue was detected by the immunofluorescence method. The activity of Caspase-1 was detected using the Caspase-1 colorimetric assay kit. The level of Caspase-1 in the serum was detected by an ELISA kit.Results:The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of Caspase-1 was downregulated in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while up-regulated in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) ( P＜0.01) compared with normal subjects. Immunofluorescence assays showed that Caspase-1 protein levels were elevated in ACLF patients, decreased in HCC and LC patients, and slightly elevated in CHB patients. The activity of Caspase-1 was slightly higher in liver tissue from CHB, LC, and HCC patients than in the normal control group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Additionally, compared with the control group, Caspase-1 activity was significantly reduced in the ACLF group ( P＜0.01). Serum Caspase-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with CHB, ACLF, LC, and HCC than in normal subjects, and serum Caspase-1 levels were lowest in patients with ACLF ( P＜0.001). Conclusion:Caspase-1, a key molecule of inflammasomes, plays an important role in HBV-related diseases and has significant differences, showing distinct features for ACLF than other HBV-related diseases.

Purpose: Asthma is a serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system in which airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the expression of SLC26A2 in human ASMCs (HASMCs) and the regulatory mechanism of SLC26A2 in the proliferation and inflammatory factor production of HASMCs. Materials and Methods: We obtained the asthma-associated differential mRNA SLC26A2 by bioinformatics analysis in childhood acute asthma samples. To investigate its role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling, we treated HASMCs with plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) in an in vitro model and determined SLC26A2 expression in cells using western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT and EdU assays, and cell contractile phenotype marker proteins were measured. Cell migration and production of inflammatory factors were determined by Transwell and ELISA assays. Additionally, the upstream regulatory miRNA and LncRNA of SLC26A2 were identified by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter gene, and RIP analyses. Results: SLC26A2 was significantly upregulated in bioinformatics analysis of pediatric asthma-related sample. PDGF treatment up-regulated SLC26A2 expression in HASMCs, whereas the knockdown of SLC26A2 inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, and production of inflammatory factors, and enhanced the expression of cell contractile phenotype marker proteins in HASMCs. Luciferase reporter and RIP experiments validated that NEAT1 targeted miR-9-5p to regulate SLC26A2, thereby influencing the biological function of PDGF-induced HASMCs. Conclusion These findings indicate that NEAT1-mediated miR-9-5p targeting of SLC26A2 inhibits the PDGF-induced proliferation and production of inflammatory factors in HASMCs. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for asthma and airway inflammation.

ObjectiveTo establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). MethodsHBV cccDNA standard substance was constructed, and HBV cccDNA primers and probes were designed based on the structural differences between HBV cccDNA and relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA). HBV plasmid was amplified to obtain HBV cccDNA standard substance, and a ddPCR detection method was established with the standard substance after gradient dilution as the template for HBV cccDNA detection; the limit of detection and repeatability of this method were analyzed. Liver tissue samples were collected from 20 patients who attended Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2017 to October 2020, all of whom were diagnosed with HBV infection, and DNA of the samples was extracted and digested with plasmid-safe ATP-dependent DNA enzyme to obtain HBV cccDNA template; the ddPCR detection method was evaluated in clinical samples and was compared with the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection method. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between the two groups. ResultsThe HBV cccDNA detection method based on ddPCR was established, which accurately detected HBV cccDNA in standard substance after gradient dilution, with a limit of detection of 1 copy/μl, and the coefficients of variation of 1×103, 1×102, and 1×101 copies/μl standard substances were 441%, 3.98%, and 5.09%, respectively. HBV cccDNA was detected in the samples of 20 patients with HBV infection; the ddPCR detection method detected HBV cccDNA in 17 patients, with a positive rate of 85%, while the qPCR detection method detected HBV cccDNA in 11 patients, with a positive rate of 55%, and there was a significant difference between the two methods (χ2=4.286, P=0038). ConclusionThe established ddPCR method for detecting HBV cccDNA has a low limit of detection and good repeatability, which provides an effective tool for further clinical detection.

Purpose: Asthma is a serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system in which airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the expression of SLC26A2 in human ASMCs (HASMCs) and the regulatory mechanism of SLC26A2 in the proliferation and inflammatory factor production of HASMCs. Materials and Methods: We obtained the asthma-associated differential mRNA SLC26A2 by bioinformatics analysis in childhood acute asthma samples. To investigate its role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling, we treated HASMCs with plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) in an in vitro model and determined SLC26A2 expression in cells using western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT and EdU assays, and cell contractile phenotype marker proteins were measured. Cell migration and production of inflammatory factors were determined by Transwell and ELISA assays. Additionally, the upstream regulatory miRNA and LncRNA of SLC26A2 were identified by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter gene, and RIP analyses. Results: SLC26A2 was significantly upregulated in bioinformatics analysis of pediatric asthma-related sample. PDGF treatment up-regulated SLC26A2 expression in HASMCs, whereas the knockdown of SLC26A2 inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, and production of inflammatory factors, and enhanced the expression of cell contractile phenotype marker proteins in HASMCs. Luciferase reporter and RIP experiments validated that NEAT1 targeted miR-9-5p to regulate SLC26A2, thereby influencing the biological function of PDGF-induced HASMCs. Conclusion These findings indicate that NEAT1-mediated miR-9-5p targeting of SLC26A2 inhibits the PDGF-induced proliferation and production of inflammatory factors in HASMCs. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for asthma and airway inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-mediated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) signaling molecule with response to inflammation in mice with acute liver failure.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were used as the research subjects, and D-galactose (D-GalN) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally to establish a mouse model of acute liver failure. PPARα was activated by Wy-14643. CHOP expression was promoted by plasmids. Liver pathological changes and serum transaminases (ALT and AST) were detected in mice to evaluate liver function. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory factors in liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. LPS-stimulated macrophage was used to establish an inflammation model. PPARα and CHOP expression was inhibited by siRNA. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory factors in the cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Promoted PPARα activation had inhibited liver hemorrhage and inflammation in mice with acute liver failure induced by D-GalN/LPS. In addition, the serum level of transaminases and genetic level of inflammatory factors in liver tissues were reduced ( P < 0.01). CHOP accelerated expression had reversed the hepatoprotective effect of PPARα activation, aggravated liver injury, and increased inflammatory factors expression ( P < 0.01). At the cellular level, the inhibition of PPARα activation had accelerated the increase of inflammatory factors ( P < 0.01), while the inhibition of CHOP activation had all over again decreased the inflammatory factors ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:PPARα and CHOP are important signaling molecules to regulate the inflammatory response in acute liver failure and liver injury. PPARα acceleration can down-regulate CHOP to inhibit inflammatory factors, which might play a protective role in mice with acute liver failure.