Tissue engineering provides a new possibility for pulp regeneration. As one of the three elements of tissue engineering, scaffolds have attracted increasing attention. Because the root canal system is limited by the unique anatomical structure of the long and narrow lumen, the preformed scaffold cannot be completely covered with the whole root canal space, although it is convenient to apply, so the injectable scaffold may be an ideal choice for pulp tissue engineering. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks with physical properties similar to soft tissues. They can provide a porous hydrophilic microenvironment, which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients. In recent years, researchers have used injectable hydrogels with different mechanical properties and/or loaded biologically active ingredients as scaffolds to promote revascularization and the regeneration of pulp. The results show that natural polymer hydrogels, synthetic polymer hydrogels, and composite hydrogels combining natural and synthetic polymers all have excellent biocompatibility. The types and mechanical properties of hydrogels and the addition of bioactive ingredients can influence the behavior of stem cells, and gelatin-based hydrogels and fibrin-based hydrogels can also achieve rapid vascularization, which creates the conditions for the formation of pulp-like tissues. Among them, photocrosslinked methacrylated gelatin/hyaluronic acid hydrogels, two/multicomponent hydrogels combined with chitosan with antibacterial and temperature-sensitive properties and new self-assembled peptides have become major research topics in recent years due to their excellent properties. To develop suitable hydrogel scaffolds and promote their application in pulp regeneration, this article reviews the research progress in the types, preparation, and application of injectable hydrogels used for dental pulp regeneration.

Objective:To investigate the surgical treatment for compression of inferior vena cava (IVC) by hepatic hydatid cyst.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 10 patients with hepatic hydatid cyst compressing inferior vena cava who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Shihezi University from May 2013 to May 2018 were collected. There were 7 males and 3 females, aged (46±5)years, with a range from 38 to 51 years. Patients underwent subadventitial close total pericystectomy, subadven-titial partial pericystectomy or subadventitial close total pericystectomy with partial IVC resection according to the relative distance between hepatic hydatid cyst and IVC, and the feasibility of total pericystectomy. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview. Patients were followed up at the outpatient department at postoperative 3, 6, 12, 24 months using color Doppler ultrasound examination to detect the recurrence of hepatic hydatid cyst and inferior vena cava occlusion. The endpoint of follow-up was 2 years after operation, and the secondary endpoint of follow-up was recurrence of hepatic hydatid cyst. The follow-up time was up to May 2020. Measure-ment data with normal distribution were represent as Mean±SD, and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations: 10 patients underwent surgery successfully without massive hemorrhage and septic shock during the operation, including 7 patients undergoing subadventitial close total pericystectomy, 2 patients undergoing subadventitial partial pericys-tectomy, and 1 patient undergoing subadventitial close total pericystectomy with partial IVC resection. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 10 patients were (99±27)minutes and (99±48)mL, respectively. (2) Postoperative situations: the time to drainage tube removal and duration of postoperative hospital stay of 10 patients were 2-5 days and (7.1±1.8)days. None of patients underwent postoperative bleeding, residual cavity infection, biliary fistula, or perioperative death. (3) Follow-up: of 10 patients, 9 patients completed the endpoint of follow-up and no recurrence of hepatic hydatid cyst or inferior vena cava occlusion formation was detected. The other 1 patient was followed up at postoperative 3, 6 months but failed to be followed up at postoperative 12 months, and no recurrence of hepatic hydatid cyst or inferior vena cava occlusion formation was detected during the follow-up time.Conclusion:Complete resection of hepatic hydatid cyst can be achieved by subadventitial close total pericystectomy, subadventitial partial pericystectomy or subadventitial close total pericystectomy with partial IVC resection.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. EMT plays an essential role in the invasion, migration and metastasis of tumours. Autophagy has been shown to regulate EMT in a variety of cancers but not in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we investigated whether autophagy also regulates EMT in HNSCC. Analyses of clinical data from three public databases revealed that higher expression of fibronectin-1 (FN1) correlated with poorer prognosis and higher tumour pathological grade in HNSCC. Data from SCC-25 cells demonstrated that rapamycin and Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) promoted autophagy, leading to increased FN1 degradation, while 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibited autophagy, leading to decreased FN1 degradation. On the other hand, autophagic flux was blocked in BECN1 mutant HNSCC Cal-27 cells, and rapamycin did not promote autophagy in Cal-27 cells; also in addition, FN1 degradation was inhibited. Further, we identified FN1 degradation through the lysosome-dependent degradation pathway using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Data from immunoprecipitation assays also showed that p62/SQSTM1 participated as an autophagy adapter in the autophagy-lysosome pathway of FN1 degradation. Finally, data from immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the interaction between p62 and FN1 was abolished in p62 mutant MCF-7 and A2780 cell lines. These results indicate that autophagy significantly promotes the degradation of FN1. Collectively, our findings clearly suggest that FN1, as a marker of EMT, has adverse effects on HNSCC and elucidate the autophagy-lysosome degradation mechanism of FN1.
Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Sequestosome-1 Protein/metabolism* ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To investigate the sensitization pattern of Blomia tropicalis in patients with aller-gic respiratory disease and the association between Blomia tropicalis with allergic rhinitis and / or asthma. Meth-ods 330 allergic rhinitis and / or asthma patients sensitized with mites were selected in Guangzhou,and sIgE lev-el in the serum of all recruited patients of Blomia tropical,Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide fa-rina was measured. Results The sensitization rate of Blomia tropicalis was significantly lower than that of Derma-tophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(P < 0.001,both). 80.0% Patients were sensitized with both three mites,and only 0.3% patients were of monosensitization to Blomia tropicalis. The sIgE of these three mites were significantly positive correlated with each other(P < 0.001),Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Derma-tophagoide farina have strong correlation(r = 0.906),Blomia tropicalis has moderate correlation with Dermatopha-goide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(r = 0.540 and r = 0.512,respectively). With the increase of Blomia tropicalis sIgE,the severe sensitization rate(sIgE level:class 5~6)of patients sensitized combined Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina significantly increased(P < 0.001). The sIgE level of Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina in allergic asthma and rhinitis patients were significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis or asthma alone(P < 0.001),and the sIgE level of Blomia tropicalis in pa-tients with both allergic asthma and rhinitis or with asthma alone were also significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis alone(P = 0.006 and P = 0.020,respectively). Conclusion The Blomia tropicalis sensitized pa-tients usually sensitize together with Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina,and the degree of Blomia tropicalis sensitized in asthma patients are higher.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded microspheres on dental pulp tissue regeneration and vascularization in vivo. Methods: In vitro release experiment and human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration experiment were conducted with VEGF loaded microspheres. The dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) were co-cultured with VEGF microspheres to observe the compatibility between the cells and the microspheres. DPSC and VEGF loaded microspheres were injected into the root lumen through the apical foramen, which were then transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Histological and immunohistochemical features were observed after nine weeks. Results: DPSCs attached and spread on the surface of the microspheres. HE staining showed that the regenerated pulp-like tissue fulfilled the whole apex and middle third of the root. Differentiated odontoblast-like cells aligned with the existing tubular root dentin. Conclusions VEGF-loaded microspheres promoted the regeneration of pulp-like tissues and formation of blood vessels.

We analyzed the cost effectiveness of four different surgical methods (A,B,C and D) in treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.Totally 757 cases of hepatic echinococcosis surgery clinical data and cost information of hospitalized cases were collected from nine hospitals in Xinjiang during 2005-2013.The clinical effects,cost effectiveness ratio and incremental costeffectiveness ratio were analyzed and compared.The total complication rates were 15.8％,9.2％,0％ and 2.9％;the recurrence rates were 7.3％,6.2％,0％ and 0％;the cure rates were 77.8％,84.6％,100.0％ and 97.1％;the cost (RMB) were 11 947.3,18 543.6,25 510.7 and 18 877.4,cost-effectiveness ratio were 153.6,219.1,255.1 and 194.3,incremental cost-effectiveness ratio /C//E were 964.4,610.4 and 358.0 respectively for group A,B,C and D.The results after adjusting of price factor were consistent with original cost effectiveness analysis.The complete resection of inner and outer capsule (D) is the most effective and economical way of clinical operation and may worthy be promoted in treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.

Objective To study the application of 99Tcm in rabbit cerebral thromboembolic stroke and thrombolysis effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).Methods The 0.5 mL radioactive pertechnetate sodium (specification:5 mCi/2mL and radiation intensity 92.5 MBq/mL) was combined with 30 μL stannous chloride (5 mg/mL),and the 20 μL mixture was joined to whole blood,red blood cells,and plasma for labelling.Then 50 μL CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and bovine thrombin (50 IU/mL) were doped in mixture,and rapidly sucked into a polyethylene plastic pipe (PE80).Thrombus was formed for 2 h at 37 ℃ and cut into small pieces of 10 mm.Autologous blood clots combined with 99Tcm from external carotid artery were injected to internal carotid artery of rabbit,the radioactivity (counts per minute,CPM) was measured by gamma counting instrument,and the improvement of rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg (clinical equivalent dose) on this model was observed.Results After thromboembolism,CPM increased approximately by (5.1 ± 1.3) times,which suggested that the model was reliable.The rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg had significant progressive thrombolysis effect.Conclusion 99Tcm tracer technology could be applied to rabbit cerebral stroke model,which is stable and reliable

Objective:To study the antimicrobial properties of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles.Methods:The CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method.The pH and calcium ion release from the samples which composed of eugenol and nanoparticles were examined respectively.The form of the particles was observed under electron microscope,the ions were analysed by inductively coupled plasma(ICP).The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT).Results:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were spherical with core-shell structure and with the diameter of 80-90 nm.The calcium ion release and pH were gradually increasing from the nanoparticles in PBS.The antibacterial activity of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles-eugenol was significantly greater than that of iRoot SP and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer(P<0.01).Conclusion:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles possess antibacterial activity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) with gastrointestinal manifestations,and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of IHES. Methods:The clinical materials, process of diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 9 patients diagnosed as IHES with gastrointestinal manifestations were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The average age of 9 patients was (22.66± 12.86)years old,and the ratio of male and female was about 1.25∶ 1. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain,diarrhea and abdominal distension.The eosinophil percentages in peripheral blood and bone marrow of the patients were (42.66 ± 19.88 )% and (39.33 + 15.99 )%, respectively.The ascites exudate cytology examination showed eosinophil infiltrated.The results of gastroscope or colonoscope showed mucosal hyperemia and edema,scattered bleeding spots, and dark red granular hyperplasia; the colon was affected frecuently.The histological biopsy confirmed that the mucosal was infiltrated by eosinophils.The abdominal CT of 6 patients showed that the walls of stomach or bowel were thickened.The abdominal symptoms disappeared,and the ascites was absorpted in 9 patients after the treatment of glucocorticoid.After 2 years of follow up,2 patients had relapse, others had no recurrence.Conclusion:Performing the routine diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the clinicians should consider the possibility of IHES in order to avoid the misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. When IHES is diagnosed,steroid treatment should be performed in preference.