Laboratory testing is a vital chain in the prevention and control of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection. The prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection is high, but the detection rate of the infection is low in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Self-sampling for genital chlamydia trachomatis detection by MSM is a new option to address this problem, which would play a significant role in expanding genital chlamydia trachomatis infection screening in this population. This paper summarizes the progress in research of self-sampling for the detection of genital chlamydia trachomatis and the related factors in MSM both at home and abroad to provide reference for the promotion of self-sampling for the detection of genital chlamydia trachomatis in this population.

Chronic skin diseases have complex pathogeneses and prolonged courses, and have long adverse impacts on the physical and mental health, as well as the normal life of patients. It is necessary to develop evidence-based strategies and measures for effective prevention and control of chronic skin diseases. However, related studies are limited in China. This article proposes a population medicine research plan for health promotion and equity, and disease prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and rehabilitation to establish a collaborative platform for strengthening research on the prevention and treatment of chronic skin diseases in China.

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of insomnia among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity among university students. Methods: A total of 740 university students were sampled from five universities in Binjiang District, Hangzhou City using a cluster random sampling method. The mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity were assessed using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Chinese college students' version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Self-Perceived Identity Scale, and the mediating effect of insomnia among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity was examined using Process macro program and Bootstrap method. Results: A total of 740 questionnaires were allocated, and 700 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.59%. The respondents included 221 men (31.57%) and 479 women (68.43%), and there were 607 respondents with a specialty of medicine (86.71%). There were 331 participants detected with mobile phone addiction (47.29%), 90 with aggressive behaviors (12.86%) and 289 with low-level self-perceived identity (41.29%), and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe insomnia were 28.00%, 26.14%, 26.43% and 19.43% among respondents, respectively. Mobile phone addiction had a direct predictive effect on aggressive behaviors (β=0.301, P<0.001) and self-perceived identity (β=-0.129, P<0.001), and presented an indirect predictive effect on aggressive behaviors (effect of mobile phone addiction on insomnia: β=0.083, P<0.001; effect of insomnia on aggressive behaviors: β=0.999, P<0.001; effect of insomnia on self-perceived identity: β=-0.698, P<0.001). The contributions of mediating effects caused by insomnia were 21.61% and 31.02% to total effects. Conclusions Insomnia presents partial mediating effects among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity among university students. Mobile phone addiction may directly affect aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity, and indirectly affect aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity via insomnia.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and its associated factors among asymptomatic outpatients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related clinics in Shenzhen and provide evidence for development of future interventions. Methods: From April 15 to May 16, 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted and patients attending STD-related Clinics were recruited from 22 medical institutions in Nanshan, Luohu, Bao'an, Longgang, Yantian, and Longhua districts of Shenzhen. After the informed consent from each participant was obtained, social-demographic information was collected through a structured questionnaire and urine samples were collected for CT nucleic acid detection. In addition, logistic regression was used to explore associated factors of CT infection. Results: In asymptomatic outpatients, the prevalence of CT infection was 7.16% (250/3 492). Being single (aOR=2.29, 95%CI:1.65-3.16), without registered Shenzhen residency (aOR=1.49, 95%CI:1.04-2.13), and without previous CT testing in the past year (aOR=2.04, 95%CI:1.03-4.05) were the risk factors of CT infection in asymptomatic outpatients. Among participants without registered Shenzhen residency, 89.25% (2 176/2 438) were college-degree or below, and 51.29% (1 255/2 447) were aged ≤30 years, and the risk of CT infection among those ≤30 years old was 1.73 times higher than those >30 years old (95%CI:1.28-2.34). Conclusions: The prevalence of CT infection was high among asymptomatic outpatients attending STD-related clinics in Shenzhen. Routine CT screening should be carried out for this population, especially for those with sexually active age, being single, with low educational level, and without previous CT testing in the past year. Also, raising their awareness of knowledge and adverse outcomes of CT infection should be considered to promote routine CT screening and timely treatment.
Adult ; Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology* ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Nucleic Acids ; Outpatients

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus, and human cases infected with the virus have been reported in more than 100 countries. To respond to the potential of case importation and consequent spread of the infection in the country, it is urgent for China to strengthen its comprehensive surveillance efforts consisting of case detection through country-entering check, symptom screening, and investigation among priority populations, and to implement comprehensive strategies to control the source of infection, interrupt the transmission and protect the people at risk.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by monkeypox virus infection. Monkeypox has become a public health emergency of international concern, since it first spread widely in many regions outside Africa in 2022. Accurate and effective detection methods are particularly important for the diagnosis and screening of monkeypox virus infection. This review summarizes laboratory testing techniques for monkeypox virus in recent years, and compares principles and detection performance of microscopy, culture, nucleic acid testing and immunological methods.

Objective:To determine the accuracy of pooled specimens from multiple individuals for detection of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Methods:By April 2022, PubMed and Embase searched relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The QUADAS-2 scale of a quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. A curve of summary receiver operating characteristic was applied as a comprehensive assessment of diagnosed accuracy. A bivariate mixed-effects model was used for overall value merging in sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the subgroup analyses regarding sample type, testing method, and the number of samples per pool were performed.Results:A total of 14 846 subjects were included in the analysis. Three studies were from the United States, three from Canada, three from Denmark, two from Lithuania, two from India, two from the Netherlands, and one from Australia, Russia, and Singapore. Compared with the individual specimens, the pooled specimens of multiple individuals had an overall sensitivity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) and specificity of 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00) for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Results from the subgroup showed that the overall sensitivity of ligase chain reaction was significantly higher than that of PCR in the diagnosis of pooled samples. Conclusion:It is concluded from the published studies that the pooled specimens were substantially consistent with the single specimens in detecting infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection and related factors in outpatients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in Shenzhen and provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in STD outpatients who were aged 18-49 years, had had sexual intercourse, had not received antibiotics in the last 2 weeks and sought medical cares in 22 medical institutions in 6 districts of Shenzhen from 15 April, 2018 to 16 May, 2018, their basic information and urine samples were collected, and NG in urine sample was detected by nucleic acid amplification test. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the related factors for NG infection.Results:The information collection and sample collection were completed for 8 324 STD outpatients, among these STD outpatients, 196 were NG positive, with a positive rate of 2.4% (196/8 324). The positive rate of NG in men (5.8%, 148/2 567) was higher than that in women (0.8%, 47/5 742) ( χ2=189.43, P<0.05). Aged 24 years or below ( OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.44-3.09), single/divorced/widowed ( OR=1.98, 95% CI:1.38-2.84), having casual sex in the last 3 months ( OR=1.77, 95% CI:1.29-2.43) were the related factors for NG infection. Conclusions:We found that NG infection rate was high in STD outpatients in Shenzhen. The infection rates in men and in women differed obviously. It is necessary to conduct gonorrhea screening and intervention in STD outpatients with high-risk behaviors, such as extramarital and casual sex behaviors, and standardize the treatment to reduce the incidence and spread of gonorrhea and other STDs.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of G protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) in regulating lipid metabolism. Methods: (1) Macrophage THP-1 was induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to the formation of lipid foam cells, protein expression of GPR119, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blotting. (2) Constructing GPR119 over-expressed and low-expressed plasmids, the plasmids were transfected into THP-1 cells which induced by oxLDL. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. (3) Constructing GPR119, HIF-1α, and VEGF over-expressed plasmids, then co-transfection of GPR119 and HIF-1α/VEGF plasmids. The lipid content in macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. Cholesterol efflux was detected by liquid scintillation counter. Results: Compared with the control group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The protein expression of GPR119 was significantly decreased and HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased in macrophages induced by oxLDL (P<0.05). After over-expression of GPR119, the lipid droplets were sparsely distributed and the number was significantly reduced in macrophages, the lipid droplets were mostly located in the area around the cells. The cholesterol efflux was significantly increased (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly decreased (P<0.01). On the contrary, in the GPR119 inhibition group, the lipid droplets were densely distributed in macrophages, with a large number and volume. The lipid droplets even covered the nuclei. The cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, VEGF were significantly increased (P<0.05). After GPR119 were co-expressed with HIF-1α and VEGF, the number of lipid droplets was increased, lipid droplets were dense and bulky in oxLDL-induce macrophages. The cholesterol efflux was inhibited. Conclusion GPR119 can regulate lipid metabolism and possibly by down-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.

Objective To investigate curative efficacy of transurethral endoscopic surgery for foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 31 patients with foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1998 to January 2018. There were 27 males and four females, aged 6-68 years [(27. 1 ± 16. 3)years]. Foreign bodies were located at the bladder in 12 patients, at urethra in 16, and at bladder and urethra in three. The foreign bodies were placed into the body by patients themselves in 23 patients, by other people in one, iatrogenic implantation in six, and by unknown approach in one. All patients underwent urethral surgeries, and individualized treatment plan was formulated according to the specific conditions such as the foreign body type, size, shape, location,activity and combined injury. The success rate, operation time and hospitalization time were recorded. The sexual function of the married males was evaluated by international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) (IIEF-5 score≥22 points as normal) before and after the operation. The urination after the operation was evaluated by the maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax) ( Qmax<15 ml/s as abnormal) and the complications were recorded. Results All the patients underwent successful surgeries and the foreign bodies were removed, including 26 patients who underwent transurethral endoscopic surgery alone with success rate of 84％ and five patients underwent open surgery due to failed transurethral endoscopic removal. All patients were followed up for 6-36 months [(27. 0 ± 7. 7)months]. The operation lasted for 20-72 minutes [(42. 0 ± 21. 7) minutes]. The hospitalization time was 2-7 days [(4. 0 ± 1. 7) days]. During the follow-up, 11 married males obtained normal sexual function after surgery [ postoperative IIEF-5:(23. 4 ± 1. 1) points vs. preoperative IIEF-5: (23. 8 ± 0. 9) points]. Twenty-nine patients had normal urination [Qmax=(21. 7 ± 5. 9)ml/s]. Two patients had narrow urinary tract (Qmax<15 ml/s), of whom one patient received regular urethral dilatation and another received resection and anastomosis of urethral stricture, both with satisfactory improvement of urination. Three patients had fever caused by urinary tract infection and recovered within 2 weeks after anti-infection treatment. There were no serious complications such as male sexual dysfunction, complex urethral stricture or septic shock. Conclusions Transurethral endoscopic surgery for foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury has high success rate, minor impact on the sexual function of male patients and low incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical practice.