Objective: To develop a simplified Rating Questionnaire of Social Ecological Risks in Adolescents and to evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of the brief questionnaire, so as to provide data and evidence support for building the evaluation system of cumulative social ecological risk exposure. Methods: A large cross sectional was conducted in eight areas, including Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming and Chongqing, from October to December 2021. A total of 22 868 adolescents were included in the analysis. Data on healthy behaviors from 10 838 adolescents from Shenyang, Taiyuan, Kunming, Chongqing were used for item selection, based on factor analysis, validity and reliability evaluation. The data from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Nanchang, including 12 030 adolescents, were used to define the partition values of the brief questionnaire, and evaluate the predictive validity. Results: The brief questionnaire containing 25-item were developed by analyzing and choosing all items of original questionnaire, and covered seven dimensions including individual, family, school, community, policy, time and culture. The cumulative contribution rate of variance was 54.95%, the Cronbach coefficient was 0.79, and the split half coefficient was 0.70. Participants in the higher risk group had significantly higher risk of smoking ( OR =4.05, 95% CI = 2.78 -5.92), drinking ( OR =3.47, 95% CI =2.86-4.19), suicidal ideation ( OR =8.85, 95% CI =7.68-10.21), suicidal plans ( OR = 8.85, 95% CI =7.27-10.78), suicidal attempt ( OR = 8.86 , 95% CI =6.67-11.78) than individual in the lower risk group ( P < 0.05). After stratified by gender, the above positive correlations still remained significant( P <0.05). Conclusion The brief questionnaire, with good reliability and predictive validity, could be widely applicated in the further researches on social ecological risk factors.

Objective:To explore the influence of total alkaloids of Corydalis Ochotensis(TAOCO) on the behavior and pathomorphology of brain tissue of the rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ25-35),and to clarify its therapeutic effects on the AD rats.Methods:The Wistar rats were divided into mormal control group(treated with 0.5 mL·100 g-1 distilled water) (n=9),model group(treated with 0.5 mL·100 g-1 distilled water)(n=9),positive drug group(treated with 1.75 mg·kg-1 donepezil hydrochloride)(n=9),and low,middle and high doses (treated with 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 mg·kg-1) of TAOCO groups(n=8,n=9,n=9).The rat AD models were made by injecting Aβ25-35 into hippocampus.On the 14th day after operation,the rats were administered for 7 d.Morris water maze test was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats;dark avoidance task was used to observe the passive avoidance ability of the rats;the pathomorphology of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were detected.Results:The Morris water maze test results showed that compared with model group,the latency to platform of the rats in low dose of TAOCO group was decreased on the 4th and 5th days(P<0.05);the latency and swimming distance to reach the platform of the rats in middle dose of TAOCO group were decreased on the 5th day(P<0.05),and the starting angle of the rats was reduced on the 3th day(P<0.05);the latencies to reach the platform of the rats in high dose of TAOCO group were decreased on the 2nd and 5th days(P<0.05),and the starting angle of the rats was decreased on the 6th day(P<0.01).Compared with model group,on the 7th day,the time of staying on platform,distance of staying on platform,time of staying on platform/total time,distance of staying on platform/total distance of the rats in different doses of TAOCO groups were all increased significantly(P<0.05) within 1.5 min.Compared with model group,the times of crossing platform and time of staying in effective area of the rats in low and high doses of TAOCO groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The dark avoidance task results showed that compared with model group,the error latencies and the error times of the rats in different doses of TAOCO groups had no significant differences on the 2nd day(P>0.05).Compared with model group,there was no obvious improvement of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury of the rats in low and middle doses of TAOCO groups.In high dose of TAOCO group,the cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury of the rats were significantly improved.Conclusion:TAOCO can improve the learning and memory function of the AD rats and reduce the pathological injury of brain tissue of AD rats.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further formulation of the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retro-spective analysis was conducted on the related information of discharged patients who intravenously used vancomycin from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014. RESULTS:178 patients were enrolled,with average age of 59.6 and 73.60% male,who were mainly with lung infectious(74.72%). Support examinations were sufficient before using of vancomycin. 66.29% patients were empirically giv-en vancomycin with pathogenic detection rate of 85.39%. 71.91% patients were conducted therapeutic drug monitoring with only 47.54% of first blood samples achieved the target range. CONCLUSIONS:Vancomycin application is generally rational in our hos-pital. However,issues like duration of empirical therapy,rational therapeutic monitoring,and individualized start dosing still need to be noticed.

Objective To observe the influence of XueShuanXinMaiNing(XSXMN)in the behavior and structures of cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats withβamyloid protein(Aβ)-induced Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and to explore its therapeutic effects on the rat AD.Methods 100 male Wistar rats were selected.According to weight, the rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, positive drug group (donepezil hydrochloride,1.75 mg· kg-1 ),XSXMN 1.1 g· kg-1 group and XSXMN 2.2 g· kg-1 group. The rat AD models were made by injecting Aβinto hippocampus.After oral administration for 15 d,Morris water maze test, dark avoidance task and pathology test were performed.Results In Morris water maze test,compared with model group,the latency and swimming distance to platform of the rats in XSXMN 1.1 g·kg-1 group were decreased on the 2nd,4th and 5th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01);in XSXMN 2.2 g·kg-1 group,the latency to platform of the rats were decreased from the 3nd to 6th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the swimming distances to platform of the rats were decreased from the 3rd to 5th day(P<0.05 or P<0.01).On the 7th day,in XSXMN groups,the times of passing platform,time of staying on platform,distance of staying on platform,time of staying in effective area, distance of staying in effective area, time of staying on platform/total time, distance of staying on platform/total distance,time of staying on platform/total time were all increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01)within 90 s. In dark avoidance task,compared with model group,the error latency and the error times of the rats in XSXMN groups had no obvious change on the 2nd day.The pathological results showed that there were degeneration nerve cells and necrosis nerve cells in the rat cerebral cortex in XSXMN groups,while in the rat hippocampus there were less number of nerve cells with obscure cell layer and many degeneration and necrosis cells were found;compared with model group,there was no obvious improvement.Conclusion XSXMN can improve the learning and memory function of the AD rats.

Hypoxia is very common in solid tumor.It results in a series of changes of biological behavior in tumor cells.Hypoxia could facilitate malignant cells metastasis,in which the hypoxia inducible factor-1 plays an important role.The hypothesis for the tumor cells to metastasis is the degradation of the extracellular matrix(ECM).The ECM can be degraded by the matrix metalloproteinase,which is a critical factor in the process of tumor-metastasis.So far,it is not clear whether hypoxia have a role in the regulation of MMPs in tumor.So this review summarize the advanced knowledge on the influence of HIF-1 and MMPs in tumor-metastasis and the interaction between two genes.

Objective To explore the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus injection (ASI) on brain multi-infract dementia rats. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group, model group and ASI group. The multi-infract dementia rat models were set up by injecting mini-sludged blood in carotis internal arteries, learning and memory function of rats were determined by Morris water maze and Step-down test, the section of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). Results Compared with model group, latency in ASI group shortened significantly at 2nd,5th and 6th day, the distance shortened at 1st,2nd,5th and 6th day. The seeking tactics of ASI trgated rats improved in the Morris water maze test. The error times of ASI treated rats decreasd at 1st and 2nd day in Step-down test; ASI did not reduce significantly pathological changes of vascular dementia rats. Conclusion ASI has effect of treatment on multi-infract dementia rats.

Objective To explore the mechanism of therapeutic effect of Donepezil hydrochloride on Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods According to weight,36 rats were divided into normal group,model group and Donepezil hydrochloride group.AD rat model was set up by injecting D-galactose into abdominal cavity for seven weeks,learning and memory function of rats was determined by using Morris water maze and Step-down test.The section of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were stained with haematoxylin eosin(HE),and the effect of Donepezil hydrochloride was observed by detecting the MDA content and SOD activity in cerebral tissue.Results Compared with model group,latency and distance of Donepezil hydrochloride rats shortened on the fourth day and the fifth day,starting angle of Donepezil hydrochloride rats shortened on the fourth day and the fifth day in the Morris water maze test,error times of Donepezil hydrochloride rats decreased on the first day and the second day in Step-down test;MDA content in cerebral tissue of Donepezil hydrochloride rat was deceased(P

0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride do not improve the learning and memory function of normal under age rats.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint for the quality control of Yanhuanglian Injections.Methods HPLC Chromatography method was used.The conditions included a Shim-pack CLC-ODS column(250 mm?6.0 mm,5 ?m),the gredient elution was adopted with acetonitrile-buffer solution(1∶1),the detection wavelength was at 285 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The Operating Standard of Similarty Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica(Version 2004A)was used to calculate.Results Similarity of 13 batches of injections was over 0.95,the fingerprint of Yanhuanglian Injections was established,and 12 common peaks were indicated.Conclusion This method can be applied to the quality control of Yanhuanglian Injections.

By one trial passive avoidance respense-step-down task and water maze spatial localizat　ion task, the effect of Ginseng and Angelica Sinensis Decotion (GASD)on pathological mod　els of the anmesia rat with hippocampal lesions induced by quiuolinic acid was studied. Re　sults suggest that GASD can improve learning aud memory deficiency in rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions after administration of quinolinic acid. The major mechanism of GASD may be related to the regulation of the glutamatergic fuuction and prevention of the neuro　toxicity of quinolinic acid