According to the high failure rate and high maintenance cost of SIF-Q260 enteroscope in Endoscopy Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,the causes for the failure of SIF-Q260 enteroscope were analyzed by the Reason model from four aspects of environmental impact,unsafe supervision,unsafe behavior precursor and unsafe behavior.In view of the analyzed causes of failures at all levels,measures should be proposed from three aspects of regular training to standardize the decontamination and use of endoscopes,appointment of special personnel to manage endoscopes,regular supervision and evaluation of the standardization of endoscopic decontamination,and improvement of the supervision system of endoscopes to block the"loopholes"in the system and provide a basis for the formulation of endoscopic quality control measures,which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of endoscopic failures.

The sympathetic nervous system(SNS)plays a pivotal role in maintaining organ homeosta-sis and the pathogenesis of various ailments.Studies have unveiled a profound interconnection between sympathet-ic nerves and the development of liver cirrhosis,cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,and hepatorenal syndrome.Therefore,researchers have proposed SNS as a candidate therapeutic target for liver-related disorders.This article reviewed the research progress of sympathetic nerves in liver cirrhosis,cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,and hepatorenal syn-drome,aiming to enrich the knowledge about the roles of sympathetic nerves in cirrhosis and its complications and provide new ideas for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and its complications.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and the irinotecan plus S-1 regimen-induced toxicities in Chinese advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.Methods:A total of 46 recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients selected from ESWN 01 trial were randomly assigned to irinotecan plus S-1 group [intravenous infusion of irinotecan (160 mg/m 2) on day 1 and oral S-1 (80-120 mg) on days 1-10, repeated every 14 days]. Peripheral venous blood at baseline was collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Irinotecan plus S-1 regimen-induced toxicities of patients with different UGT1A1 polymorphisms were observed. The correlation between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and the adverse effects was analyzed. Results:Among the 46 patients, the numbers of UGT1A1*6 wild type genotype (GG), mutant heterozygote (GA) and mutant homozygote (AA) were 30, 15 and 1, while those with UGT1A1*28 wild type genotype (TA6/6), mutant heterozygote (TA6/7) and mutant homozygote (TA7/7) were 36, 8 and 2, respectively. Only one patient with UGT1A1*6 AA genotype occurred grade 3 diarrhea, while one of the 2 patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 genotype occurred grade 4 diarrhea. No neutropenia was observed in the patient with UGT1A1*6 AA genotype, however, both of the two patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 genotype occurred grade 3-4 neutropenia. Patients with UGT1A1*28 genetic polymorphism (TA 6/7 or TA7/7) had a higher response rate compared with wild-type TA6/6 carriers. (55.6% versus 26.5%).Conclusions:The homozygous genotype of UGT1A1*6 AA and UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 are rare (<5%) in Chinese ESCC population. Not all homozygous AA and TA7/7 carriers occur severe dose limited toxicities (DLT) when treated with irinotecan (160 mg/m 2) plus S-1 regimen for 2 weeks. However, it′s still necessary torigorously observe the occurrence of severe diarrhea and neutropenia in patients with UGT1A1*6 AA and UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 and adjust the dose timely.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and the irinotecan plus S-1 regimen-induced toxicities in Chinese advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.Methods:A total of 46 recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients selected from ESWN 01 trial were randomly assigned to irinotecan plus S-1 group [intravenous infusion of irinotecan (160 mg/m 2) on day 1 and oral S-1 (80-120 mg) on days 1-10, repeated every 14 days]. Peripheral venous blood at baseline was collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Irinotecan plus S-1 regimen-induced toxicities of patients with different UGT1A1 polymorphisms were observed. The correlation between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and the adverse effects was analyzed. Results:Among the 46 patients, the numbers of UGT1A1*6 wild type genotype (GG), mutant heterozygote (GA) and mutant homozygote (AA) were 30, 15 and 1, while those with UGT1A1*28 wild type genotype (TA6/6), mutant heterozygote (TA6/7) and mutant homozygote (TA7/7) were 36, 8 and 2, respectively. Only one patient with UGT1A1*6 AA genotype occurred grade 3 diarrhea, while one of the 2 patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 genotype occurred grade 4 diarrhea. No neutropenia was observed in the patient with UGT1A1*6 AA genotype, however, both of the two patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 genotype occurred grade 3-4 neutropenia. Patients with UGT1A1*28 genetic polymorphism (TA 6/7 or TA7/7) had a higher response rate compared with wild-type TA6/6 carriers. (55.6% versus 26.5%).Conclusions:The homozygous genotype of UGT1A1*6 AA and UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 are rare (<5%) in Chinese ESCC population. Not all homozygous AA and TA7/7 carriers occur severe dose limited toxicities (DLT) when treated with irinotecan (160 mg/m 2) plus S-1 regimen for 2 weeks. However, it′s still necessary torigorously observe the occurrence of severe diarrhea and neutropenia in patients with UGT1A1*6 AA and UGT1A1*28 TA7/7 and adjust the dose timely.

Objective To explore antiviral efficacy, safety and blocking of mother-to-infant transmission by administrating telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) throughout pregnancy. Methods Sixty-four cases of female patients were enrolled. The study participants were divided into the telbivudine treatment group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 33). Data were recorded from beginning of administration to ending pregnancy, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates and infants were evaluated in HBV infection, parameters of growth and development. Results The recovery rates of ALT, respectively, were 90.32% vs. 57.58% (P = 0.003), 93.55% vs. 62.50% (P = 0.003) at 24 weeks and ante partum and the HBVDNA-negative conversion rates, respectively, were 48.39% vs. 3.03% (P = 0.000), 83.87%vs. 6.06% (P = 0.000), 90.32% vs. 6.25% (P = 0.000) respectively, at 12, 24 weeks of pregnancy and at ante partum between the treatment and control groups. The HBsAg-positive and HBVDNA-positive rates of the infants, respectively, were 12.90% vs. 37.50% (P = 0.025) and 0 vs. 21.88% (P = 0.018) at birth, and respectively, were all 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) and 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) at 1, 6, 12 months old between the treatment and control groups. The treatment group showed lower incidence of intrauterine HBV infection (0 vs. 18.75%, P = 0.035). The gestational ages, fetal weights and Apgar scores were not significant different in the children born in the mothers from the two groups. Conclusions Telbivudine administration showed a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe and caused no obvious adverse reaction.

OBJECTIVETo explore the antiviral efficacy, safety and protective ability against mother-to-infant transmission of telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during the first trimester.

METHODSEighty four gravid women who were diagnosed with CHB, in their first trimester of pregnancy, and had refused to terminate their pregnancies were enrolled; all study participants were clinically classified as active hepatitis cases with positivity for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA more than or equal to 107 copies/mL and serum level of alanine aminotarnsferase (ALT) of more than or equal to 4 ULN.Patients with YMDD mutations were excluded from the study. The study participants were divided into a telbivudine treatment group (n=43; administered in the first trimester of pregnancy) and a control group (n=41, consisting of patients who refused to take antivirals). All babies bom to the women in both groups of the study received standard immune prevention (anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus hepatitis B vaccine) and artificial feeding.Data recorded for the women during pregnancy included clinical findings for tests of hepatic and renal function, myocardial enzymes, blood and urine clinical parameters, hepatitis B virus makers and HBV DNA, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates were evaluated for presence of HBV infection, parameters of growth and development, presence of complications, and Apgar score. At 6 and 12 months old, all infants were evaluated for HBV DNA level and HBsAg presence.

RESULTSThe genetic variant rtM204I was detected in one of the women in the treatment group at 36 weeks of pregnancy. One woman in the control group developed severe hepatitis at 28 weeks of pregnancy and was put on the telbivudine treatment The treatment group showed greater recovery rates of ALT than the control group at 12 weeks of pregnancy (62.8% vs.29.3%, P=0.002), 24 weeks of pregnancy (76.7% vs.46.3%, P=0.000), and at ante partum (88.1% vs.60.0%, P=0.004). The treatment group also showed greater HBV DNA-negative conversion rates at 12 weeks of pregnancy (20.9% vs.0, P=0.006), at 24 weeks of pregnancy (37.2% vs.0, P=0.001) and at ante partum (78.6% vs.0, P=0.000), and greater HBeAg seroconversion rates at 12 weeks of pregnancy (2.3% vs.0, P=1.000), at 24 weeks of pregnancy (9.3% vs.0, P=0.116) and at ante partum (2 1.4% vs.0, P=0.002). The HBsAg-positive rates and HBV DNA-positive rates among the infants born to the mothers in the treatment and control groups, respectively, were 2.4% vs.17.5% (P=0.027) at birth, 0 vs.17.5% (P=0.005)at 6 months old and 0 vs.17.5% (P=0.005) at 12 months old. The Apgar scores were not significantly different for the children born to the mothers from the two groups, and all the children showed parameters of growth development within normal limits.

CONCLUSIONTelbivudine administration in the first trimester had a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe, causing no obvious adverse reaction in the gravid women or developmental effects on the infants.

Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Vaccines, Combined

Objective To explore the effect of gastrodia elata on learning and memory abilities and synaptic transmission protein(P38,Ca2+ -CaMK Ⅱ α,CREB)expression of hippocampus in model rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods 24 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,test group and intervention group.A dose of Aβ1-40 was injected into the hippocampus of rats on test group and intervention group,the control rats were injected with normal saline.When the models were successful,the rats of control group and test groups were given with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(50g/kg),the rats of intervention group were given with gastrodia elata powder( 50 g/kg),lasting 15 days,Morris water maze test was used for learning and memory abilities study.The expression of P38,Ca2+-CaMK Ⅱ α and CREB protein were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results Behavioral tests showed the mean escape latencies and search time of test group were obviously increased than those of control group and intervention group,the percentage of search distance on test groups was less than that of control group and intervention group(P ＜ 0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry results showed P38,Ca2+- CaMK Ⅱ α and CREB positive cells and optical density in hippocampus CA1 on test group were less than those of control group and intervention group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ) ( P38:58.92 ± 10.82,0.208 ± 0.037 ; Ca2+-CaMK Ⅱ α:72.38 ± 14.67,0.174 ± 0.036 ; CREB:53.86 ±5.31,0.161 ±0.043 in test group;P38:87.32 ±9.56,0.371 ±0.046 ; Ca2+ -CaMK Ⅱ α:98.16 ± 16.29,0.283 ± 0.051 ; CREB:86.76 ± 7.73,0.356 ± 0.052 in intervention group; P38:102.54 ± 16.73,0.563 ± 0.078 ; Ca2 + -CaMK Ⅱ α:123.46 ± 17.65,0.436 ± 0.057 ; CREB:125.43 ±9.16,0.524 ± 0.057 in control group ).Conclusion Gastrodia elata can treat AD by increasing expression of P38,Ca2 + -CaMK Ⅱ α and CREB.

White-rot fungus manganese peroxidase (MnP) that has great potential in degrading azo dyes is one of the extracellular glycolsylated heme proteins. MnP from Schizophyllum sp. F17 was isolated and purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography followed by DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the puried enzyme was 49.2 kDa, while the half-life of the MnP in the presence of 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 was 5-6 min. The efficiency of MnP-catalyzed reactions were determined by three key factors: the concentrations of Mn2+, H2O2, and the amount of MnP. Using single factor analysis, an optimized concentration of Mn2+, H2O2 and enzyme were optimized to be 1.2 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L, and 0.4 mL, respectively. A response surface methodology (RSM) employing two-level-three-factor full factorial central composite design was used to optimize the catalytic conditions. The result showed that the concentration of H2O2 and the interaction between H2O2 and MnP mostly affect the MnP catalytic efficiency. Finally, we show that the azo dyes could be efficiently decolorized by the purified MnP under optimized conditions.
Azo Compounds ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Catalysis ; Coloring Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Fungal Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Peroxidases ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Schizophyllum ; enzymology

Herb Genome Program (HerbGP) includes a series of projects on whole genome sequencing (WGS) and post-genomics research of medicinal plants with unique secondary metabolism pathways or/and those of great medical and pharmaceutical importance. In this paper, we systematically discussed the strategy of HerbGP, from species selection, whole-genome sequencing, assembly and bioinformatics analysis, to postgenomics research. HerbGP will push study on Chinese traditional medicines into the front field of life science, by selecting a series of plants with unique secondary metabolism pathways as models and introducing "omics" methods into the research of these medicinal plants. HerbGP will provide great opportunities for China to be the leader in the basic research field of traditional Chinese medicine. HerbGP shall also have significant impacts on the R&D of natural medicines and the development of medicinal farming by analysis of secondary metabolic pathways and selection of cultivars with good agricultural traits.

Objective To observe the effect of cerebral blood flow on Broca aphasia patient of cerebrovascular disease by early rehabilitative intervention, to evaluate the result of early rehabilitative intervention, to ques the marker evaluating early effect. Methods 41 Broca aphasia patients were divided to rehabilitation groups (23 patients) and control groups(18 patients) according to the sequence of hospitalization, and meanwhile 37 patients of health examination were chosen as health control groups, the patients of rehabilitation groups were treated with drug and rehabilitative intervention but the patients of control group were treated only with drug, the average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery of both groups and health control group was examined with transcranium doppler before and after treatment. Results The average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery of rehabilitation group and control group was not different before treatment, the rehabilitation group and control group was less than health control group; the average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery of rehabilitation group and control group was increased obviously after treatment than that before treatment; the average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery was not different between rehabilitation group and health control group after treatment, it was different between control group and health control group; the average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery was increased obviously on rehabilitation group than that on control group after treatment. Conclusions the early rehabilitative intervention can increase the average cerebral blood flow of left middle cerebral artery of Broca aphasia patient accelerate the functional restoration; TCD can be regarded as an early marker to evaluate early effect.